Cell Sedimentation Rate Research Articles

A study of dysproteinemia and fibrinolysis in patients with urologic cancers (author's transl)

Plasma proteins, serum CRP, red cell sedimentation rate, fibrinolytic activity and antiplasmin in blood have been studied in 55 patients with urologic malignancies (transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder; 30 cases, secondary carcinoma of the bladder; 11 cases, renal cell carcinoma; 10 cases, transitional cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis and ureter; 4 cases) with special reference to the extent and metastasis of the tumor.A higher frequency of dysproteinemia and of abnormal level in the other examinations was observed in patients with metastases or wide-spread infiltrating carcinoma, while the indefinite tendency for significant change in their levels was noted in patients with bladder carcinoma of Stages A and B showing relatively localized growth within the bladder wall.Among the laboratory findings an abnormal increase of plasma fibrinogen level was most closely related to progressive conditions of the carcinomas, including the remote metastases and advanced regional growth. No significant difference was observed between the pre-and post-operative levels of each examination in any group of the carcinomas. However, the levels of serum albumin, α1-, α2- and γ-globulins, red cell sedimentation rate, plasma fibrinogen and euglobulin lysis time showed a significant difference between the groups of metastatic and non-metastatic carcinoma, respectively. It was thought that the follow-up study using these 7 laboratory tests may be of predective value for the progressive development of the tumor.

Effects of metrizamide on the sedimentation rate of red blood cells.

Effects of metrizamide on the sedimentation rate of red blood cells.

Aggregation of red cells and effects of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.

Summary and DiscussionCarrageenan, dextran, phytohemagglutinin-P, alpha-amylase, acid phosphatase, polycytidylic acid, polyadenylic acid, polygalacturonic acid, poly-L-proline, poly-L-glutamic acid and others promote red cell sedimentation rates (ESR) when added to washed red cells. Rabbit antisera to red cells and serum promote the ESR when added to either whole blood or washed red cells. All of these various acceleratory responses, with the exception of those induced by enzymes, are inhibited by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NAIFD). Many other pharmacologic classes, with the exception of ethacrynic acid, probenecid, sodium cromoglycate and chlorothiazide, fail to display similar inhibitory effects. The elevated ESR is inhibited when drugs are added before, during, or after the addition of dextran. The ESR is inhibited by 2, 4-dinitrophenol, but not other metabolic inhibitors. Heavy metal ions and anerobiosis have no effect on dextran-induced ESR.Agents accelerating the ESR induce acute inflammat...

勤労者の血液性状に関する検討

In order to establish the normal regions of several hematological measurements in healthy workers, specific gravity of whole blood, red cell count, white cell count, hemoglobin content, hematocrit value and red cell sedimentation rate were examined on 4967 healthy men and 4980 healthy women working in an electronic company in the fall of 1967. 1) Frequency distributions of specific gravity of whole blood, red cell count, hemoglobin content and hematocrit value were found to be close to normal, while these of the logarithmic values of white cell count and red cell sedimentation rate were found to be close to normal in both men and women, although many of the distributions were slightly asymmetric. It was also noticed that the type of the distribution of red cell sedimentation rate found in men was slightly different from that in women. Means and standard deviations of the hematological measurements were calculated by age and by sex (Tab. 2). The age and sex differences of the mean were statistically significant in most of them (Tab. 3), though the value of difference of the mean, relative to the value of the means, by age was small in all hematological measurements. Based on the above findings about the distribution of the hematological measurements, criterions of screening for mass blood examination of workers was proposed (Tab. 9). 2) Means of specific gravities of whole blood, red cell counts, white cell counts, hemoglobin contents and hematocrit values found in this investigation were slightly lower than the so-called normal values hitherto reported. These lower means are supposedly caused by the use of cubital venous blood as blood specimen and by the use of new test method blood and apparatus such as an automatic cell counter and cyanmetohemoglobin. 3) Relatively large positive correlation coefficients were found between four blood measurements-specific gravities of whole blood, red cell counts, hemoglobin contents, hematocrit values-in both men and women. Moreover, the factor pattern for eight variables concerning hematological measurements and body size obtained by principal component analysis and varimax rotation showed in all age and sex groups that about 80% of total communality was to be attributed to four common factors and that all coefficients of the first factor for the above four hematological measurements were large. So, it will be reasonable to presume that any one of the above four hematological measurements can be representative of all the other three hematological measurements to certain extent, although of course each measurement, specific gravity of whole blood, red cell count, hemoglobin content and hematocrit value, has the hematological meaning in its own right.

Some heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds as radioprotectants for hematological levels in x-irradiated mice.

In normal controls, the levels of hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values remained almost unchanged throughout the experimentation period. Intraperitoneal administration of imidazole and benzimidazole affected rapid pharmacodynamic incidences which were not detected with cysteamine. Administration of imidazole did not induce detectable change in the level of hemoglobin concentration but slightly decreased the hematocrit value. Benzimidazole created slight depression in hemoglobin concentration and exerted no effect on hematocrit value. Cysteamine caused slight depression of both hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit value. Those changes were readily restorable with imidazole and benzimidazole while those with cysteamine lasted for more than three days. Irradiation caused progressive decrease in hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values which continued till the death of the animals. A significant increase in the sedimentation rate of red blood cells was recorded. Irradiation of chemically protected animals caused initial decrease in hemoglobin concentration and hematocrit values which lasted till the fifths post-exposure day. Later, gradual restoration of normal levels of hematological values was recorded. Restoration was more rapid with benzimidazole than with imidazole, while cysteamine lied half way in its action. The increase in sedimentation rate of red blood cells was less pronounced and gradual restoration of the normal sedimentation rate was maintained during the post-irradiation time. It seems likely that the radioprotectants act on cellular and subcellular levels in the protected tissues but the actual role played by such compounds still awaits further investigation. Imidazole and benzimidazole proved to be effective radioprotectants of the hematopoietic tissue. Benzimidazole proved to exert the best radioprotective characters amongst the tested compounds in this concern.

Effects of Certain Variables on Hematological Characteristics of Rainbow Trout

Abstract Rainbow trout of two strains (Shasta and Idaho) were fed two diets (Colorado and Santa Monica) under experimental conditions. The effects of diet, strain, sex, and age on total blood cell count, hematocrit, hemoglobin, sedimentation rate, bilirubin, alkaline phosphatase, glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase, total protein, glucose, cholesterol, creatinine, and uric acid were measured. No sex-related differences were detected in hematological values. Variations due to time appeared to be random. Variations due to diet, strain, and/or diet-strain interactions were found for many of the blood components. There were differences in several tests between hematological characteristics of “wild” and cultured trout. Hematological effects of diet, strain, age, water temperature, sampling techniques, and test methods were important, and should be considered by researchers. The range of mean values obtained for the blood components measured can be used as “normal” levels for comparison if investigators employ si...

Changes in hematology of the perinatal pig.

Thirty-two fetuses and 32 new-born pigs were used to map the changes in blood cell population, serum proteins, and the levels of glucose, calcium and chloride in the blood of the perinatal pig. Fetuses were obtained by hysterectomy from each of two sows at 98, 102, 106 and 110 days after breeding. Blood samples were taken by heart puncture from 2 boars and 2 gilts in each litter. Eight other litters were used to supply one pig each at 3, 48, 96 or 144 hr. after birth. Erythrocyte count, hematocrit, white cell count, differential white cell count, cell sedimentation rate, blood glucose, calcium, hemoglobin, chloride and serum proteins were measured. Erythrocyte count, hematocrit and hemoglobin were quite low in concentration until the 110th day of fetal age. Blood levels of these constituents were highest at 3 hr. after birth and then dropped before the pig reached 2 days of age but remained higher than in the fetal pig. The albumin, beta globulin and gamma globulin fractions of the serum protein increased in concentration between the 110th day of gestation and 3 hr. after birth. Gamma globulin increased more than 10 times in concentration by the second day after birth and following the intake of colostrum. Alpha globulin level failed to show these distinct patterns of change in concentration. A major portion of serum protein was alpha globulin in the fetal pig. Leucocyte concentration increased after 110 days gestation and this increase appears to be largely due to increased numbers of segmented neutrophils although some increase occurred in total numbers of monocytes, lymphocytes and banded neutrophils. Sedimentation rate was zero until after birth, and then showed a linear increase in rate until pigs were 6 days of age.

Lipid changes after incubation of normal plasma.

Abstract. The individual phospholipids as well as the triglycerides, free fatty acids, total cholesterol and its non‐esterified fraction have been determined on a normal material comprising 37 men and women of different age groups. Young men exhibited significantly higher values of lysolecithin in comparison with elderly men and women irrespective of age.Incubation studies revealed a lecithin splitting activity with subsequent formation of lysolecithin and release of fatty acids. Simultaneously the well‐known lipase activity was found, splitting also the triglycerides and releasing further amounts of free fatty acids. Free cholesterol decreased to a significant extent, probably by transesterification of fatty acids released during the incubation from lecithin and probably also to a lesser degree from triglycerides. No change of sphingomyelin was noted and phosphatidylethanolamine also remained unchanged during the incubation. The reported lysolecithin increase in incubated plasma probably explains the previously reported reduced sedimentation rate of red cells added to such a plasma. The increment of free fatty acids may also contribute to the same result to a lesser extent.

Five Cases of Multiple Myeloma

We have encountered 5 cases of multiple myeloma since 5 years, 4 cases had died, 1 case is alive.The chief complaints were the pain on the low back, back and breast, and anemia.Diagnosis:2 Cases by the examinational excision.2 Cases by the marrow puncture smears.1 Case by the clinical views and the radiographic appearances.The anemia and the accentuation of the red cell sedimentation rate were counted on the case of all.Hyperglobulinemia: 2 cases.Bence-Jones Proteinuria: 1 case.Radiograph showed osteoporosis, punched out rundish rarefactions and fractures.The differential diagnosis from osteoporosis, increasing recently, schould be careful.

Two M Components (γGK and γML) in Different Cells of the Same Patient

Before reporting their own case the authors review previously published cases of several immunologically different M components. It is demonstrated that the distribution of heavy chains in the presence of two M components corresponds to the distribution of heavy chains in the presence of one M component.By two differently stained fluorescent antibodies to each of the M components it was demonstrated that these components were present in different cells of types like plasma cells and lymphocytoid cells. On the basis of the histopathological and clinical findings it is discussed whether the patient is suffering from myelomatosis and/or macroglobulinaemia of Waldenström.Clinically, it was striking that the red cell sedimentation rate was normal throughout the course of the disease. Furthermore, the relative viscosity of the serum was lower than previously seen at M component concentration of 42 g./l. at 37° C. A possible relationship between the low ESR and the low viscosity is discussed.

A comparative study of the hematologic changes in pregnancy in the Macaca mulatta monkey and the human female

Hematologic changes were recorded in 20 Macaca mulatta monkeys during pregnancy. As pregnancy progressed there was a decrease in the total serum protein and a shift in the albumin to globulin ratio. The increase in the globulin fraction was primarily due to an increase in the gamma globulin. The serum cholesterol declined rapidly during the first 120 days of pregnancy. Thereafter, it increased gradually until delivery. There was also a decrease in hemoglobin. hematocrit, number of circulating red blood cells and sedimentation rate of the red blood cells. A slight leukocytosis with a shift to the left of the neutrophils was observed. The mean corpuscular volume, and mean corpuscular hemoglobin increased slightly during pregnancy. However, the mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration remained fairly constant throughout the gestation period. The various blood constitutents had returned to approximately prepregnant values within 40 days following delivery. These data were compared with those reported for pregnant human females.

STUDIES ON THE SHICHIJO'S REACTION

The clinical usefulness of Shichijo's reaction for the diagnosis of lung cancer has been assessed in patients with several diseases of the lung. Shichijo's reaction was highly positive in patients having luug cancer who were diagnosed either by clinical findings or by postmortem examination. In contrast, positive reaction has been found scarcely in patients who have several lung diseases other than cancer. The analysis of several clinical and laboratory findings have indicated that the reaction is not strictly governed by the area of lung cancer, red blood cell sedimentation rate, concentration of plasma proteins, anemia, histological character of the lung cancer and or bronchographic findings.

STUDIES ON THE SHICHIJO'S REACTION

Shichijo's reaction has been performed in 541 patients who have been diagnosed as having liver. gallbladder, gallduct and pancreas diseases.1) Shichijo's reaction was positive in 80.3% of patients who have cancer of the liver, gallbladder, gallduct and pancreas, while this reaction was positive only in 7.0% of patients who have not cancer in those organs.2) Shichijo's reaction was positive regardless of the variations of clinical manifestations, since positive reaction was observed in patients with cancer who have not anemia, palpable tumor, abnormal red blood cell sedimentation rate or derangement of liver function.3) Only one factor which seemed related with positive reaction was the change of plasma proteins : the decrease of plasma proteins was often related with the positive Shichijo's reaction.

STUDIES ON SUBACUTE THYROIDITIS.

In the past 6 years the author has treated 51 cases of subacute thyroiditis. Their data are summarized below:The disease was confirmed by Silverman's needle biopsy of the thyroid in 36 them, and the others were diagnosed by typical clinical symptoms, characteristic results of thyroidal function test and accelerated red cell sedimentation rate its clinical course.Of the total cases, 4 were males and 47 females, and the ages ranged 19 to 62 years, the thirties and forties together comprizing 40 cases (78.4%). As for clinical symptoms, goiters were observed in all of the total 51 cases, followed by local tenderness (96.1%), referred pain (92.2%), fever (90.2%), general lassitude (86.3%), headache (80.4%), palpitation (72.5%), body weight loss (62.7%), finger tremor and abnormal perspiration (60.8% each), and inflammation of the upper respiratorytract (41.2%). It was interesting that 27 out of 37 female cases (71.1%) had hypo-or oligomenorrhea, whereas in convalescence 29 of 38 (76.3%) had hyper-or polyrnenorrhea. Goiters of all the cases were slight or moderate.Results of clinical and laboratory examinations in acute phasc: Ranges for 51 cases; body temperature 37.0-40.1°C (Mean ± Standard Deviation 38.4 ± 0.7°C); pulse rate permin. 72-162 (95.4 ± 21.5); BMR-1.6-+62.1% (+20.7 ± 13.2%); serum PBI 3.8-16.8γ/dl (6.9 ± 2.4γ/dl); thyroidal I131 uptake 0.2-10.8% (2.9 ± 2.8%); red cell sedimentation rate per hr. 20-142mm (73.8 ± 34.5mm). Results of examinations of 10 cases at 1 to 2 weeks after the onset: BMR +15.4-+32.8% (Mean+25.3%); serum PBI 6.1-16.8γ/dl (Mean 10.2γ/dl); I131 uptake rate 0.2-5.1% (Mean 1.2%); red cell sed imentation rate per hour 73-132mm (Mean 105.2mm). Serum cholesterol for 11 cases 140-225mg/dl (188.9 ± 26.5mg/dl).Red cell count for 37 cases 300-523×104/cmm (405.3+56.0) ×104, 7 giving below 350×104/cmm (18.9%); Sahli's, value 57-105% (81.1±7.3%), 7 giving below 70% (18.9%); white cell count 3, 200-13, 200/cmm (6, 724±2, 244/cmm), 18 giving below 6, 000/cmm (48.6%) and 11 above 8, 000/cmm (29.7%) and in 4 of these 11 cases above 10, 000/cmm (10.8%). Blood eosinophile cell count was low in all the cases. Serum iron for 10 cases 66-143γ/dl (95.1±28.8γ/dl), 5 giving moderately low levels; UIBC 268-394γ/dl (316.1±40.3γ/dl), 6 giving above 300γ/dl; serum copper for 3 cases 148-154γ/dl (Mean 154.0γ/dl), all giving high values.Serum protein tractions were determined by the Tiselius method with 20 cases, and the results were in agreement with past reports except that spike was observed in the descending fraction of β-globulin. As to liver function, there was abnormality in Takada-Jezler reaction, cobalt-reaction, cadmium reaction and CCF test, revealed delay in the recovery from hyperglycemia in 6 of 12 cases, and insulin tolerance test showed abnormality in 10 of 16 cases. Abnormality in Thorn's test, serum Na and serum K, and decrease in urinary 17 KS were observed in a few cases. Five cases in acute phase showed positivity in Shichijo's xerogel-figure, and skin electric resistance indicated the type of hyperthyroidism.Precipitation test was performed on 10 patients with subacute thyroiditis using human thyroglobulin as antigen, and the antibody was demonstrated in the serum from 6. Also skin test was performed with the above mentioned antigen, and redness could be demonstrated in 6 of 10 patients with this disease.

Swollen Painless Knee

Dr. James J. Pollard: A 77-year-old white male complained of swelling of the left knee for one and one-half years. This began when he injured his left knee in a fall. There had been a gradual increase of painless swelling which was not incapacitating. X-ray examination done elsewhere following the injury was interpreted as negative. The examination was repeated six months later and at that time an abnormality was questioned and operation recommended, but this was refused. On admission to Massachusetts General Hospital, physical examination showed a massive, fusiform swelling about the left knee and the tissues around the proximal tibia. There was a discrete, painless mass measuring 4 cm by 4 cm attached to the proximal tibia in the popliteal space. The hemoglobin, white blood cell count, sedimentation rate, serum calcium, phosphorus, alkaline phosphatase, and acid phosphatase levels were normal. Interpretation of the knee films (Fig 1 and 2)

Hematological studies in the normal adult Indian camel (Camelus dromedarius).

The normal blood picture, different blood indices, and electrophoretic mobility of hemoglobin were determined in the Indian camel with one hump ( Camelus dromidarius). The different values were as follows: erythrocytes, 7.24 million/mm3; hematocrit, 27%; size of red cell, 7.7 µ x 4.2 µ; hemoglobin, 13.1 g/100 ml; mean corpuscular volume, 37.9 µ3; mean corpuscular hemoglobin, 17.4 µµg; mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, 47%; red cell sedimentation rate, 1.1 mm/hr; leukocytes, 18,000/mm3; neutrophils, 51%; eosinophils, 6%; basophils, 0.05%; lymphocytes, 40%; and monocytes, 3%. The electrophoretic mobility of camel hemoglobin was less than the mobility of human and monkey hemoglobin and the hemoglobinogram showed only one minor component. In the one-humped Indian camel, the number of red cells was less, the size bigger, and the hematocrit value lower than the values reported for the two-humped camel ( Camelus bactrianus).

Sedimentation Rate of Erythrocytes in the Domesticated Cock

IT IS WELL recognised that the sedimentation rate of erythrocytes is dependent on many factors (Ponder, 1944; Janeway, 1953; Myers et al., 1954; Wintrobe, 1956; Washburn and Myers, 1957). In the domestic fowl it has also been shown that sedimentation rate is highest in adult females, intermediate in capons and lowest in males, and that this was determined partly by total corpuscular volume and cell numbers; cell size had apparently little effect (Sturkie and Textor, 1958Sturkie and Textor, 1960). Furthermore sedimentation rates were increased in birds with hyperlipaemic plasma produced by feeding Nicarbazin (Sturkie and Textor, 1960). Since oestrogen is also known to induce lipaemia in birds (Lorenz et al., 1938; Zondek and Marx, 1939) the red blood cell sedimentation rate was investigated under the influence of this hormone.MATERIALS AND METHODSAdult male Brown Leghorns of the P.R.C. flock were kept in cages with food and water ad libitum.One mg…

Further Studies on Sedimentation Rate of Erythrocytes in Chickens

RATE of sedimentation of erythrocytes is dependent upon two opposing forces: gravity causing the cells to settle, and the frictional resistance of the surrounding plasma which holds the cells in suspension. Among the factors which may influence settling rate are cell-size, shape and number, difference in specific gravity of plasma and cells, and the level and type of plasma proteins, and lipids (Ponder, 1944; Wintrobe, 1956; Janeway, 1953; Myers et al., 1954; Washburn and Myers, 1957).In a previous report, Sturkie and Textor (1958) showed that the sedimentation rate was highest in adult female chickens, intermediate in capons, and lowest in males; and linear with time up to 2 hours, when the sedimentation tubes were held at a 45° angle.This study is concerned with the relationship of the lipids, proteins and specific gravity of plasma, and the number and volume of erythrocytes to sedimentation rate of red cells in …

INHGによる結核予防内服の効果について

In recent years, isonicotinyl hydrazide (INH) has been used widely as a chemotherapeutic against tuberculosis. At the same time, numerous studies have been carried out to prepare its derivatives in order to decrease its toxicity and increase its therapeutic effect. One of these is sodium glucuronate of isonicotiny lhydrazone (INHG), which was found to bel ess toxic and fairly effective, both experimentally and clinically, by G. Brouet, Kitamoto, Oohira and Akamine. Persons with suspicion of tuberculosis were placed under medical supervision. Eight such persons were chosen for the present test and 0.6 g of INHG (6 tablets of Hydronsan) per day was given every day since June, 1958. Variations in physique and physical strength, and effect on prevention of recurrence were examined. Following results were obtained, although number of treated cases was rather small. 1. Body weight tended to increase and blood cell sedimentation rate was found to decrease by administration, even when the value had been normal. 2. One of the persons under observation was first positive to bacillary tests in sputum. During oral administration of INHG, however, this case became negative and none was found to become positive. 3. No side effects, such as gastrointestinal disturbances, fatigue, anorexia, dizziness, or increase of coughing and sputum discharge, were observed by oral administration of INHG. 4. From X-ray observation of the lung field, betterment was observed in all cases except two with sclerotic image which remained unchanged. There was no case of recurrence.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis in a child.

Acute suppurative thyroiditis is seen so infrequently that it may justly be considered a rare disease. 2,7 The literature, since 1940, has yielded only two case reports of the disease occuring in children. 1,5 The disease usually has a sudden onset characterized by hoarseness, dysphagia, chills and fever, and an elevated pulse rate. Typically, there is pain, swelling, and discoloration of the skin overlying one lobe of the thyroid gland, or the neck may be so edematous that the extent of the disease cannot be accurately determined. Spasm of the neck muscles may cause the patient's head to flex toward the side of involvement. The white blood cell count and sedimentation rate are elevated, whereas thyroid function studies are normal. 5 The management of acute suppurative thyroiditis necessitates a vigorous approach. Antibiotics are essential. Incision and drainage should be performed early, as there is a danger that a neglected abscess