Celastrus Paniculatus Research Articles

Synthetic Seed Production as a Tool for the Conservation and Domestication of Celastrus paniculatus: A Rare Medicinal Plant

The black-oil tree (Celastrus paniculatus Willd) is a highly valued medicinal plant species belong to the Celastraceae family, known as Jyothishmathi in Ayurveda and Duhundu in Sri Lanka and grows as a perennial vine. It is an endangered medicinal plant species recorded in the red list of endangered fauna and flora of Sri Lanka in 1999. The seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus contains sesquiterpene alkaloids namely; celapagine, celapanigine, celapanine and celastrol, used in traditional system of medicine for various disorders and because of its high pharmaceutical value, plants are over exploited in natural habitats. Owing to poor seed germination and lack of successful vegetative propagation methods, domestication and commercial planting of this important medicinal plant species to meet the demand seems impossible. Therefore, it is of high importance to develop a reliable and efficient in vitro propagation to produce black oil plants for commercial use. In this study, it was attempted to produce synthetic seeds of Celestrus paniculatus via in vitro multiple shoot proliferation. Nodal segment explants were collected from freshly emerged age of sprouts, surface sterilized and cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium supplemented with different 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and Thidiazuron (TDZ) concentrations for shoot induction. The highest soot proliferation rate; 25 shoot tips/explant were observed with 0.1 mg/L TDZ. Induced shoot tips were used for synthetic seed production after encapsulating with BAP and a-naphthalene acetic (NAA) enriched sodium alginate. Shoot tip encapsulated beads produced with 4% sodium alginate were firm, clear, round and uniform in size and easy to handle. The influence of growth regulators (BAP and NAA) and storage period on the germination of encapsulated shoot tips was studied to evaluate the success of encapsulated shoot tips as a propagule. The beads germinated with 2 mg/L BAP and 0.2 mg/L NAA provided 80% in vitro germination percentage. Shoot tips of synthetic seeds remained green and healthy after storage at 5°C for a period of 8 weeks. Current findings suggest that encapsulated micro shoots (synthetic seeds) could be produced successfully, as the first step in domestication and conservation of Celastrus paniculatus. Further studies required on rooting of micro shoots, acclimatization and transferring of plantlets produced from synthetic seeds to in vivo conditions for domestication and conservation purposes.

Standardisation of propagation through stem cuttings in Celastrus paniculatus Willd, a threatened medicinal plant

Celastrus paniculatus is one of the red listed medicinal plant species belonging to the family Celastraceae. Traditional propagation techniques cannot cater to large-scale planting stock production of this valuable species due to poor seed set and seed germination hence, the vegetative propagation has to be resorted. Present investigation was carried out to standardize the vegetative propagation protocol of C. paniculatus through stem cuttings with growth regulators in different season. The anatomical, physiological and biochemical changes of the sprouted cuttings were also analysed. The adventitious rhizogenesis of C. paniculatus stem cuttings was influenced by type of cutting, season of collection, type of growth regulator and its concentration. Semi hardwood cuttings collected during season III treated with 8000 mg l−1 IBA recorded over 80% rooting. Hence, we recommend this treatment combination for the large scale planting production of C. paniculatus. Anatomical studies on the sprouted cuttings treated with different growth regulator did not show any significant differences, whereas physiological and biochemical parameters of sprouted cuttings varied due to growth regulator application.

Determination of phytochemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and protein binding qualities of hydroethanolic extract of Celastrus paniculatus

The study was performed to check the chemical, antioxidant, antimicrobial and protein binding qualities of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Celastrus paniculatus (CP). Hydro-ethanolic extract of CP exhibited low antibacterial and antifungal activities. Excellent antioxidant activities (60-80 %) were noticed for various antioxidant assays viz DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), MC (Metal chelating), FRAP (Ferric reducing), SA (Superoxide radical), and NO (Nitric oxide). Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavanoids content (TFC) of the extract was 1.38±0.15 mg/g (expressed in equivalents to gallic acid) and 8.91±0.21 mg (expressed in equivalents quercetin) respectively. Moreover, at p ≤ 0.05, significant linear correlation was noticed between the TFC/TPC and antioxidant activities favoured which highlights the medicinal property of CP. Protein binding assay was performed and an observed binding constant (1.11±0.92×10-5 µM-1) was almost close to control (aspirin). Anti-inflammatory assay revealed potent anti-inflammatory activity of hydro-alcoholic extract of CP. These significant findings of CP may provide compelling scientific evidence of its therapeutic potential.

Extraction and characterization of natural dye from arils of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. for textile application

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Mitigation by Aqueous Extract of Celastrus Paniculatus Seeds against Monosodium Glutamate Induced Impairments in Human Neuronal cells IMR-32

The free radicals are considered as primary culprit for many multifactorial diseases. These free radicals scavenging remains a foremost challenge in most neurological disorders, which can be subjected with least collateral damage by herbal extracts. In this study, Celastrus paniculatus (CP) seeds aqueous extract (AE) (0.25, 0.5 and 1.0 µg/ml) was used to evaluate the neuroprotective efficacy against adverse effects of monosodium glutamate (MSG) (7 mM) in neuroblastoma cell line IMR-32. Preliminary pharmacological investigations and free radical scavenging capacity were evaluated for AE. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress were studied using MTT assay and some biochemical parameters (total protein and glutathione level as well as activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase). Moreover, genotoxicity due to free radicals was also assessed using comet assay in IMR-32 cells. Results showed presence of various phytochemicals in AE and its significant inhibition of DPPH and NO radicals. AE was not only enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes but also reduced the free radical mediated cytotoxicity of MSG in IMR-32 cells. The DNA damage found in neuronal cells due to free radical toxicity of MSG was reduced in presence of free radical inhibitory phytochemical present in AE. From these results it can be concluded that AE of CP seeds is an effective antioxidant agent and potent neuroprotective herb to mitigate MSG induced neuronal impairments in IMR-32 cells.

Skin Penetration and Stability Enhancement of Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil by 2-Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex for Cosmeceutical Applications.

This study aimed to encapsulate Celastrus paniculatus seed oil (CPSO) in 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HPβCD) cavities and investigate their biological activity, physicochemical stability, and skin penetration by vertical Franz diffusion cells of the CPSO-HPβCD inclusion complex formulations. For biological activity studies-including 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH) scavenging, metal ion chelating, and inhibition of lipid and tyrosinase inhibition activities-the CPSO-HPβCD inclusion complex exhibited lower inhibition activity than free CPSO. CPSO-HPβCD dispersion, serum, and gel formulations were prepared. All formulations containing the CPSO-HPβCD inclusion complex showed no significant changes in physical characteristics after three months' storage. The percentages of oleic acid remaining in all formulations were over 80% of the initial amount during a three-month stability study. For the skin-penetration study, compared to other formulations, the CPSO-HPβCD serum formulation exhibited the highest cumulative amount of oleic acid in the whole skin and flux through receptor fluid, after six hours, of 32.75 ± 1.25 µg/cm² and 1.02 ± 0.15 µg/cm²/h, respectively. The CPSO-HPβCD serum formulation also showed the proper viscosity. Hence, the CPSO-HPβCD inclusion complex will be beneficial for the further development of cosmeceutical products.

Methylmercury exposure develops atherosclerotic risk factors in the aorta and programmed cell death in the cerebellum: ameliorative action of Celastrus paniculatus ethanolic extract in male Wistar rats.

Methylmercury (MeHg) is a bioaccumulative global environmental contaminant present in fishes and seafood. MeHg is the methylated form of mercury emitted from diverse anthropogenic and natural sources. MeHg is accumulated in the aquatic environment and eventually reaches human system via food chain by biomagnification. We have reported previously that the neurotoxic effect of MeHg in rat cerebellum is mitigated by the administration of an ayurvedic medicinal plant, Celastrus paniculatus ethanolic extract. The present study has focussed to further explore the mechanism of action of Celastrus paniculatus against MeHg-induced neurotoxicity in the cerebellum. We have also inspected the effect of Celastrus paniculatus (CP) against MeHg-induced atherosclerotic risk factors like alterations in antioxidant levels, aortic lipid profile, and aortic histology by MeHg in the largest vasculature, aorta, which are the initiating factors of cardiovascular diseases. Male Wistar rats were divided as (i) control, (ii) MeHg (5mg/kg b.w.), (iii) MeHg + CP (200mg/kg b.w.), and (iv) CP alone (200mg/kg b.w.). All were given orally for 21days. In cerebellum Celastrus paniculatus, there were increased mitochondrial electron transport chain (p < 0.05) activity, reduced cytochrome c release (p < 0.05), and caspase 3 mRNA expression (p < 0.05). In the aorta, MeHg-induced oxidative stress, lipid profile changes, and endothelial denudation were ameliorated by Celastrus paniculatus. Hence, we conclude that Celastrus paniculatus protects against MeHg toxicity by inhibiting mitochondrial cytochrome c/caspase 3 apoptotic pathway in the cerebellum and reducing the development of atherosclerotic risk factors in the aorta.

A Comprehensive Overview of Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil Intended for the Management of Human Ailments

Celastrus paniculatus belonging to the family Celastraceae generally known as the black oil plant or Malkangani or Jyotishmati. The scrambling through a yellowish corky bark, climbing poly gamodioecious category of shrub requires support to climbs up and distributed almost all over India at the altitude of 2000 m. The seeds are also reported as anxiolytic and anticonvulsant properties, while the root and its bark considered being useful for the treatment of malaria, cancer, and brain-tonic. Plant of Jyotishmati are broadly used in the Ayurvedic system of the medicine to cure many diseases such as; appetizer, aphrodisiac, arthritis, asthma, antipyretic, amenorrhea, anti-inflammatory, acrid, arthralgia, beriberi, cardiotonic, diuretic, diaphoretic, depression, emollient, skin-diseases, paralysis, thermogenic, intellect-promoting, emetic, expectorant, leprosy, leucoderma, cephalalgia, nephropathy, abdominal disorders, sores abortifacient, and treatment of the snake bite. These plants are naturally used in the treatment of vaginal discharge, a sensation of burning, blood purification after delivery, menstruation cycle, and abortion. The seed oil contains steroid alkaloids and bright natural coloring matter, celapanine, celapanigine, celapagine, celastrine, and paniculatine are the important alkaloids. It contains the fatty acid it’s in founding; oleic acid (54.42%), palmitic acid (20.0%), linoleic acid (15.51%), and stearic acid (4.18%). The sesquiterpene alkaloids are derived from a new sesquiterpene (celapanol) which is alternately esterified by acetic, benzoic, nicotinic, and β- furoic acids.

Dihydro-β-​agarofuran sesquiterpenoids from the seeds of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity

Three previously undescribed dihydro-β-agarofuran sesquiterpenoids (1–3) along with eight known sesquiterpenoids (4–11) were isolated from the seeds of C. paniculatus. The structures of these compounds were determined on the basis of UV, IR, HR-MS (ESI), 1D and 2D NMR data obtained, and their absolute configurations were further confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. All these compounds were evaluated for their α-glucosidase and α-amylase inhibition, and antiglycation properties. Compounds 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 and 11 showed good α-glucosidase inhibition with IC50 values, 39.56 ± 0.761, 35.60 ± 0.843, 36.54 ± 0.173, 44.83 ± 0.453, 42.58 ± 0.209 and 45.84 ± 0.356 μM respectively. Molecular docking studies revealed that these compounds bind effectively to the active sites of the protein 3A4A, which supports the observed α-glucosidase inhibitory activity.

A synergistic combination of Huperzine A, Convolvulus pluricaulis and Celastrus paniculatus promote cognitive function and health

Approximately 56 billion dollars are spent as a result of traumatic brain injury and about 90,000 Americans suffer from long‐term disability. Uprising stress, busy lifestyle and unhealthy food habits are the major causes of traumatic brain injury. The majority of the treatment strategies are based on the improvement of cholinergic function in the brain and one of the emerging therapeutic target is to enhance the acetylcholine level in the brain. Standardized herbal extracts including Huperzia serrata, Convolvulus pluricaulis (Shankhapushpi; SP) and Celastrus paniculatus (Jyotismati; JY) are long been known to attenuate brain function and well‐being. Research studies have demonstrated the versatile roles of these novel phytochemicals as natural acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and neuroprotectants, and exhibited their efficacy in the management of neurological or memory impairment, dementia, Parkinson's and Alzheimer's disease. In the recent past, we developed a novel, standardized Huperzia serrata extract, CogniUp™ enriched with 1% Huperzine A, which demonstrated broad spectrum safety and neuroprotective abilities. In this study, we developed a unique combination of CogniUp, SP and JY (MZ001), which can effectively and synergistically inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition. Based on our initial assessment, concentration‐dependent AChE inhibition kinetics was assessed individually using 0, 3.0, 6.0, 9.0, 12.0 and 24.0 mg SP/ml, while AChE inhibition kinetics was assessed individually using 0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0 and 8.0 mg JY/ml. Simultaneously, concentration‐dependent AChE inhibition kinetics was assessed individually using 0, 0.0625, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 μg CogniUp/ml. Several combinations were assessed and ultimately, we found that a combination of SP, JY and CogniUp (12 mg/ml, 4 mg/ml and 0.125 μg/ml) provided the most efficacious and synergistic AChE inhibition. No significant adverse events were observed. Further studies are in progress to establish the therapeutic efficacy of our unique proprietary combination‐MZ001 containing SP, JY and CogniUp.Support or Funding InformationThis project was funded by Cepham Inc., Piscataway, NJThis abstract is from the Experimental Biology 2018 Meeting. There is no full text article associated with this abstract published in The FASEB Journal.

Neuroprotection Effects of Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil against Monosodium Glutamate in Human IMR-32 Cells

Neuroprotection Effects of Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil against Monosodium Glutamate in Human IMR-32 Cells

Traditional plant based medicines used to treat musculoskeletal disorders in Northern Pakistan

IntroductionThis paper provides significant information about traditional knowledge of medicinal plants to treat musculoskeletal disorders in Northern Pakistan. The study aimed to document data regarding traditional uses of plants in health-care practices among the rural communities of areas which may lead to natural drug discovery development. MethodsIn total, 215 informants were interviewed using semi structured questionnaire. Documented ethnomedicinal data is analyzed using quantitative index of frequency citation (FC), relative frequency of citation (RFC), disease-consensus index (DCI), used value (UV), fidelity level (FL), jaccard index (JI), family important value (FIV), Relative popularity levely (RPL) and Rank priority order (ROP) and ethno-medicinal findings were compared with 25 previous published studies to report novel uses of plants against musculoskeletal disorder. ResultsA total of 142 plants belonging to 69 families were reported with their medicinal usage to treat musculoskeletal disorders. The most dominant were herbs (57%), decoction was preferred method of utilization (35.2%) and leaves were the most used plant part (44.3%). The highest used category was recorded for rheumatism (44%) and the most used species were Celastrus paniculatus and Cyperus rotundus. RFC ranged from 0.098 to 0.586, Triticum aestivium with highest DCI (0.68) and Salvadoraceae was dominant family in terms of FIV (58.60). ConclusionThis study provides significant information about medicinal plants usage for musculoskeletal disorders among indigenous communities of Northern Pakistan. The baseline findings of this study might be useful in compiling data for future phytochemical and pharmacological screening of plants leading to natural drug discovery and development.

Development of an Efficient Technology for Rapid Clonal Multiplication of Celastrus paniculatus–Willd, an Endangered Medicinal Plant

Development of an Efficient Technology for Rapid Clonal Multiplication of Celastrus paniculatus–Willd, an Endangered Medicinal Plant

An Effective Protocol for In Vitro Multiplication of Celastrus paniculatus Willd. - An Important Medicinal Plant

Celastrus paniculatus Willd. a threatened taxon belongs to the family Celastraceae is one of the important medicinal plants. The seeds contain alkaloids and the oil extracted from them has long been regarded as highly beneficial and medicinally effective. Due to its medicinal importance, the plant has been over exploited and effective measures are needed to be taken to conserve the precious germplasms. In present study, an effective protocol for micropropagation has been developed through nodal cultures. Nodal explants from mature plant were collected and cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of auxins (IAA,IBA,NAA,2,4-D) and cytokinins (BAP,Kin,2-ip,Zea,TDZ) either alone and in combinations under controlled photoperiod and temperature. Maximum number of 15.43±0.17 shoots was regenerated directly from the nodal explants on MS medium supplemented with BAP+NAA+GA3. Histological studies have confirmed the direct regeneration of shoots from the cultures. Thus, obtained shoots were sub-cultured to rooting medium containing auxins for root induction. The regenerated plantlets were successfully acclimatized on mixture of organic manure, clay and sand (1:1:1) and 75% of regenerates were survived.

Gastroprotective and Antiulcer Effects of Celastrus paniculatus Seed Oil Against Several Gastric Ulcer Models in Rats

ABSTRACTPeptic ulcer is a recurrent chronic illness and has become almost a hallmark of the so-called civilized life. In folk medicine, the Celastrus paniculatus plant has been used for the prevention and treatment of various diseases and gastrointestinal disturbances, including dyspepsia and stomach ulcers. The aim of this study is to evaluate the gastroprotective and antiulcer effects of Celastrus paniculatus seed oil (CPO) against several gastric ulcer models in rats. The gastroprotective and antiulcer effects of CPO were evaluated using pylorus-ligated ulcer ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcers using rantidine (40 mg/kg per os [PO]) as standard. Gastrointestinal motility was determined by gastric emptying time and gastrointestinal transit ratio. The results of the pharmacological studies of CPO (200 mg/kg, 400 mg/kg) demonstrated effective gastroprotection against ethanol- and indomethacin-induced ulcer models. In pylorus-ligated rats, the seed oil showed gastroprotective activity by decreasing total gastric juice volume and gastric acidity while increasing the gastric pH. The gastroprotection against ethanol and indomethacin is partially attributed to effective inhibition of proinflammatory cytokines, TNF-α and IL-6, and increase in the levels of IL-10. Treatment with CPO in ethanol-induced ulcer rats significantly (p < .05) decreased MDA (malondialdehyde) levels, which were accompanied by an increase in the activities of SOD (superoxide dismutase) and catalase. CPO reduced the rate of gastric emptying but had no effect on gastrointestinal transit. The present findings indicate that CPO has potent gastroprotective effects and support the folkloric usage of the seed oil to treat various gastrointestinal disturbances.

English

Vindhya region is one of the less studied areas and characterized for rich vegetations of India. The plants species observed in the area have immense potential for the management and treatment of various ailments. The present paper reports to the documentation and conservation of ethnomedicinal plants of Sonebhadra district and their socio- economic relationship with the forest and its resources. The ethnobotanical data were collected using interviews, with local medicine man and field observations. Correct identity of the plants were done with the help of botanical survey of India (B.S.I). Important medicinal plants belonging to different families are documented in the present ethnobotanical study. During survey it was found that many plants were very rare viz Gymnema sylvestre, Withania somnifera, Curiculigo orchioides, Chlorophytum tuberosum, Plumbago zeylanica, Acorus calamus, Celastrus paniculatus etc. The main causes of raring of plants are deforestation, over grazing and increasing population. Due to scarcity of government health facilities in the district the peoples were largely dependent on traditional health care system. Key words: Ethnomedicinal plants, extinction ranking, Sonebhadra forest, Eastern Uttar Pradesh

Fatty Acid and Non-Fatty Acid Components of the Seed Oil of Celastrus paniculatus willd.

ABSTRACTThe yield and chemical composition of the seed oil of Celastrus paniculatus were determined by solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The yield of crude fatty oil was found to be 45.5% in the mature seeds on dry weight basis. Fourteen compounds, constituting 97.57% of the oil, were identified. The oil was rich in unsaturated fatty acids (70.11%) followed by saturated fatty acids (25.2%). Oleic acid (54.42%), palmitic acid (20.0%), linoleic acid (15.51%), and stearic acid (4.18%) were the main fatty acids in the oil together with four other minor fatty acids. The current study identifies the novel compounds not previously reported in C. paniculatus oil, including 1,4-benzenediol (0.46%), cinnamic acid (0.15%), 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-benzoquinone (0.03%), butylated hydroxytoluene (0.4%), and eudalene (0.16).

Attenuation of quorum-sensing-dependent virulence factors and biofilm formation by medicinal plants against antibiotic resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Pseudomonas aeruginosa use small signaling molecules such as acyl homoserine lactones (AHLs), which play an important role in release virulence factors and toxin for further establishment of host infection. Thus, involving with the QS system would provide alternative ways of preventing the pathogenicity. In the present study, totally six medicinal plants (Terminalia bellerica, Celastrus paniculatus, Kingiodendron pinnatum, Schleichera oleosa, Melastoma malabathricum, Garcinia gummi-gutta) were screened for anti-QS activity using biomonitor strain of Chromobacterium violaceum CV12472. The primary screening of antimicrobial activity of all the plant extracts have inhibited the growth of tested bacterial species. Of these at the sub-minimum inhibitory concentration the methanol extract of T. bellerica (0.0625–0.5 mg/ml) has significantly inhibited violacein production (20.07–66.22%) in C. violaceum (CV12472). Consequently, the extract of T. bellerica has reduced the production of pyocyanin, exopolysaccharide and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa strains. Fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy analysis confirmed the reduction of biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa strains when treated with T. bellerica. GC–MS analysis showed the active compounds inhibited the production of virulence factors of P. aeruginosa. The results suggest the possible use of this T. bellerica as an anti-QS and anti-biofilm agent to control Pseudomonas infection. Interference of QS provides an important means for the inhibition of bacterial virulence and thus aids in treatment strategies.

Mapping Traditional Knowledge Associated with Celastrus paniculatus in India Using Geographical Information System (GIS)

Mapping Traditional Knowledge Associated with Celastrus paniculatus in India Using Geographical Information System (GIS)

Ameliorating effect of Celastrus paniculatus standardized extract and its fractions on 3-nitropropionic acid induced neuronal damage in rats: possible antioxidant mechanism

Context: Celastrus paniculatus Wild. (Celasteraceae) (CP) is a well-known Ayurvedic ‘Medhya Rasayana’ (nervine tonic), used extensively as a neuro-protective and memory enhancer, and in different central nervous system disorders. Objective: To evaluate the effect of CP against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP) induced Huntington's disease (HD) like symptoms in Wistar male rats. Materials and methods: The ethanol extract of CP seeds (CPEE), prepared by maceration, was standardized on the basis of linoleic acid content (6.42%) using thin layer chromatography densitometric analysis. Protective effect of CPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg) and its various fractions, viz., petroleum ether (40 mg/kg), ethyl acetate (2.5 mg/kg), n-butanol (7 mg/kg) and aqueous (18 mg/kg), administered orally for 20 days, against 3-NP (10 mg/kg, i.p. for 14 days) was assessed by their effect on body weight, locomotor activity, grip strength, gait pattern and cognitive dysfunction and biochemical parameters for oxidative damage in the striatum and cortex regions of the brain. Results: CPEE (100 and 200 mg/kg) treated animals exhibited a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in behavioural and oxidative stress parameters in comparison to only 3-NP treated animals. Amongst various tested fractions of CPEE, aqueous fraction (AF) at 18 mg/kg exhibited maximum reversal of 3-NP induced behavioural and biochemical alterations, and was therefore also tested at 9 and 36 mg/kg. CPEE (100 mg/kg) and AF (36 mg/kg) exhibited maximum and significant (p < 0.05) attenuation of 3-NP induced alterations in comparison to 3-NP treated rats. Conclusions: CPEE has a protective action against 3-NP induced HD like symptoms due to its strong antioxidant effect.