CdO Nanoparticles Research Articles

Structural, optical, and electrochemical behaviour for different levels of Ni doped CdO nanoparticles

Structural, optical, and electrochemical behaviour for different levels of Ni doped CdO nanoparticles

Fabrication of Nanoparticle‐Doped Polyvinyl Alcohol‐Cellulose Acetate Membrane and Characterization of the Surface Enhancement

AbstractIn the present study, nanocomposite polymeric membranes are fabricated using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), cellulose acetate (CA) as polymers, and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as the solvent. To enhance the performance of the membrane, nanoparticles like TiO2, CaO, CdO, and ZrO are added to the polymeric solution and the doped polymeric solution is cast on a glass plate. Nine combinations of membranes are fabricated with two different concentrations (0.1% and 0.2%) of nanoparticles. The basic properties of the membranes such as density, porosity, viscosity, permeability, pure water flux, and water content are studied for the samples. Membrane pore structure and surface properties are identified and it is found that doping nanoparticles on the surface of membranes improve mechanical strength, stability, pore size, etc., allowing the membranes to perform better in extreme industrial‐level effluent treatment applications. High‐resolution scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the homogeneous dispersion of ZrO, TiO2, CaO, and CdO nanoparticles on the surface of the PVA‐CA membrane. The doping of nanoparticles on the PVA‐CA membrane results in improved mechanical strength and good chemical oxidation stability. In comparison, the PCD‐TiO2 sample shows high thermal stability and oxidation stability at high temperatures until 200°C, which has a high potential for treating industrial effluents.

Hydrothermal assisted synthesis of hierarchical SnO2 micro flowers with CdO nanoparticles based membrane for energy storage applications

Hierarchical nanostructures with appropriate morphology and surface functionalities are highly desired to achieve an optimized electrochemical property for active electrode materials. This work renders the facile hydrothermal synthesis of CdO, SnO2, and CdO–SnO2 nanocomposite, and their capacitive performance was tested. The formation of the pure samples and their composite was committed by low-temperature Raman spectroscopy and x-ray diffraction studies which revealed the tetragonal and cubic structures of CdO and SnO2 powder samples with good crystallinity and purity. The morphological postmortem reveals the formation of nanoparticles morphology of CdO with a highly smooth surface appearance. Besides, the SnO2 illustrates the morphology of the micro flowers composed of ultrathin nanosheets. More specifically, the electrochemical properties indicate the pseudocapacitive charge storage mechanism based on cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiometry analysis. The CdO–SnO2 composite electrode displayed a higher capacitance due to additional pores/space offered for active sites and continuously allowed electrolyte ions to interact with the inner/outer surface of the electrode. These exciting findings led us to design and fabricate battery hybrid supercapacitors (BHSC) from CdO–SnO2, and activated carbon (AC), referred to as CdO–SnO2//AC BHSC, attains a high power delivery (5717 W/kg), and a maximum energy density of 42 Wh/kg at low discharge rate. Noteworthy, a stable cycling performance was obtained with only 91.3% retention after 8000 cycling at a large discharge current of 10 A/g, denoting the magnificent durability of the active electrode material.

Plant-based green fabrication of CuO-CdO-bentonite S-scheme heterojunction with enhanced photocatalytic performance for the degradation of levofloxacin.

In this research, for the first time, CuO and CdO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using Ferula persica and anchored on layered bentonite as a novel S-scheme nano-heterojunction (denoted as CuO-CdO-BT). Ferula persica acted as a naturally-sourced reducing agent and stabilizer for the synthesis of NPs. The performance of CuO-CdO-BT was evaluated for the degradation of levofloxacin from an aqueous solution under sunlight. The characterization results clarified that the bentonite as a support not only reduced the agglomeration of CuO and CdO NPs but also decreased the size of biosynthesized NPs, which increased the active surface of NPs and the photodegardation efficiency. The effect of operational reaction system variables was examined to optimize the photocatalytic capability of CuO-CdO-BT. Under optimum conditions (catalyst dosage = 0.4g/L, LVF concentration = 10mg/L and pH = 8), 96.11% of levofloxacin was degraded using CuO-CdO-BT after 30min with degradation kinetic of 0.108min-1, which was about 2.4 and 4.2 times higher than those of bare CuO and CdO NPs, respectively. The improvement of the photocatalytic degradation efficiency of CuO-CdO-BT compared to CuO and CdO NPs was due to preventing the recombination of charge carriers in the S-scheme system. The radical quenching experiments ascertained the generation of [Formula: see text]·OH, and [Formula: see text] species in the CuO-CdO-BT system, indicating that ·OH radicals have a more prominent role than [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] in the photocatalytic reaction. The six possible levofloxacin pathways of LVF degradation were suggested based on HPLC-MS analysis. Over 88.5% LVF was removed using CuO-CdO-BT after three catalyst reuse cycles, indicating a cost-effectiveness potential of the biosynthesized photocatalyst reusability. Almost complete mineralization of LVF was obtained by the CuO-CdO-BT photocatalyst after 180min of reaction. Based on findings, the S-scheme mechanism of photo-generated electron-hole pairs transfer in the CuO-CdO-BT system was found. The unique structural features of the new generation of S-scheme heterojunction and green synthesis of NPs using plants provide promising photocatalysts to improve wastewater treatment.

Novel (Y2O3) x (CdO) 1-x binary mixed oxide nanocomposites: facile synthesis, characterization, and photocatalysis enhancement

In the current study, novel (Y2O3) x (CdO) 1-x mixed oxides nanocomposites (NCs) with different Y2O3 loadings (0.0 ≤ x ≤ 0.2) have been synthesized via a facile precipitation approach. The structural analysis by x-ray diffraction reveals that both pure CdO nanoparticles (NPs) and (Y2O3) x (CdO) 1-x NCs possess crystalline and cubic-phase purity. The crystallite size in the mixing nanocomposition (NCs) ranged from 45 to 52 nm based on the concentration of Y2O3 in the NCs. The morphologies of CdO NPs and (Y2O3) x (CdO) 1-x NCs were studied using field emission scanning electron microscopy. This confirmed that the collected NCs had an irregular semi-spherical morphology. It was established, based on the Tauc figure, that the optical band gap of the produced NCs had lowered from 3.35 to 2.96. Testing conducted by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) reveals that an increase in surface area and pore volume following the addition of Y2O3 is indicative of increased porosity. UV-vis spectroscopy's optical study reveals that Y2O3 loading significantly improves the photocatalytic activities of (Y2O3) x (CdO) 1-x NCs. The photodegradation efficiency of methylene blue (MB) was higher (94.6%) for the (Y2O3) 0.2 (CdO) 0.8 NCs under solar irradiation compared to (45.6%) for pure CdO NPs. The (Y2O3) 0.2 (CdO) 0.8 NCs photocatalyst was stable in six cycles of MB degradation, according to a study on reusability. Optimal Y2O3 loading in the photocatalytic system is responsible for the boost in photocatalytic activity due to the system's high BET-surface area, narrow size distribution, and narrow energy band gap.

Synthesis and Characterization of a Cd(II) complex: Anion interaction and Fabrication of Cadmium oxide nanoparticles

A framework of Cd(II), {[Cd2(toua)(4,4′-bpy)](NO3)2·3H2O}n (1) is constructed using a heteroatom based linker 3,6,9-trioxaundecanedioic acid (H2toua) and a nitrogen based ligand, 4,4′-bipyridine (4,4′-bpy). Compound 1 was characterized by elemental analysis, FTIR and UV-Visible spectroscopy. The thermal stability of 1 was determined using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Spectroscopic studies revealed the presence of nitrate as an anion that makes compound 1 suitable for anion interaction study. This study was performed using different sodium salts such as chloride, oxalate, hydroxide, acetate, bromate, sulphate, thiosulfate, carbonate and bicarbonate respectively and it was found that among all these anions, the compound exhibit anion-π interactions selectively with acetate, sulphate, and thiosulfate. Furthermore, CdO nanoparticles with hexagonal morphology was obtained upon direct calcination of compound 1 at 700 °C. These as-synthesized CdO nanoparticles showed selective behavior towards a cationic dye (methylene blue) over an anionic dye (Eosin yellow).

Synthesis and Characterization of some metals (Sn, Ni, Zn and Co) doped with CdO Nanoparticles by Co-Precipitation method for super capacitor applications

In this present investigation, a set of pure and some metals doped Cadmium oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by the way of co-precipitation method. The precursor materials used in this current work were cadmium nitrate, tin (II) chloride, nickel acetate, zinc acetate dihydrate and cobalt (II) chloride has been make uses of a precursor materials. The as-synthesized nanopowders were characterized by XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis and SEM analysis. The X-Ray Diffraction patterns revealed a polycrystalline having the characteristic peaks are well matched with the phase purity of cubic structure. Scanning Electron Microscope exhibit surface morphology, Fourier Transform Infrared spectrum has affirmed the presence of the functional groups present in the pure and metals doped cadmium oxide nanoparticles. The room temperature photoluminescence (PL) and Ultra Violet-Vis near Infra measurement studies were carried out to optical properties and band gap of the materials. The band gaps of the materials were observed to be 2.47 eV for pure CdO, 2.32 eV for metals doped CdO which were appraise from Tauc’s plot. The average particle diameter of CdO nanoparticles was measured in the nanometer range using a dynamic light scattering (DLS) particle size analyzer. The magnetic properties to express vibrating sample magnetometer studies (VSM). The uppermost electrochemical capacitance implementation is using Cyclic Voltammetry analysis, which indicates capable electrode materials for electrochemical super capacitor applications.

Studies on the electrical properties of polyaniline with cadmium oxide nanocomposites

In situ polymerization method was used to prepare cadmium oxide nanoparticles (NPs) with polyaniline nanocomposites, by varying different weight percentages of cadmium oxide NPs, and the oxidizing agent as ammonium per sulfate as starting materials. The AC and DC conductivity behavior of PANI with CdO nanocomposites has been studied as a function of frequency and temperature. The XRD and SEM techniques were used to explore how the establishment of PANI and its nanocomposites impacts the structural and morphological properties of the materials.The structure of CdO NPs was found to be cubic phase confirmed from XRD. The electrical conductivities, DC conductivity of polyaniline and its nanocomposites were measured at 27 to 180°Celsius. According to the AC conductivity frequency variation, CdO NPs concentration increases along with AC conductivity in the low-frequency zone.

Utilization of laccase immobilized CdO nanoparticles in synthesis of industrially potent organics and their molecular docking studies.

In the present study, Tricholoma giganteum AGHP laccase was immobilized on amino-functionalized cadmium oxide nanoparticles (CdO NPs) which was carried out by glutaraldehyde. The synthesized CdO NPs were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis which reflected the NPs had an average size of 35nm with hexagonal and irregular shapes. Fourier transform infra-red (FTIR) study of laccase with amino-functionalized CdO (lac-CdO) NPs confirmed the crosslinking of laccase with CdO NPs. With immobilized laccase, a shift in pH (5.5) and temperature (35℃) optima was observed, when compared to free laccase (pH 4.5, 30℃). Lac-CdO NPs displayed 1.15 times higher stability (90 ± 0.47%) than free laccase (78 ± 0.69%) at optimum pH of 5.5. Immobilized laccase showed 1.19-fold improvement in thermal stability and 2.25-fold increment in half-life after 3h of incubation at 50℃ as compared to free laccase. Recycling capability study demonstrated that lac-CdO NPs were able to retain 85 ± 0.68% of relative activity at the end of 20th 2,2-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) oxidation cycle. In addition, lac-CdO NPs showed remarkable reusability in catalysing various organic synthesis reactions even after several cycle of catalysis. Furthermore, the interactions of organic synthesis reactions and interacted residues were observed by assessing the molecular docking poses of T. giganteum laccase with substrates. The obtained results would be advantageous to develop a biocatalyst over a chemical catalyst for effective synthesis of potent organics having industrial importance.

Visible light-interfaced organic dye degradation by Mn-doped CdO nanoparticles

Visible light-interfaced organic dye degradation by Mn-doped CdO nanoparticles

Introduction of CdO nanoparticles into graphene and graphene oxide nanosheets for increasing adsorption capacity of Cr from wastewater collected from petroleum refinery

Graphene and graphene oxide nanocomposites are promising and fascinating types of nanocomposites because of their fast kinetics, unique affinity for heavy metals, and greater specific area. Initially, in this study, a green, cost-effective and facile method was utilized to prepare G, GO, CdO, G-CdO, and CdO-GO nanocomposites by Azadirachta indica and then analyzed using UV–vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform spectroscopy, Raman, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. The synthesized nanocomposites were explored for chromium elimination from wastewater collected from a petroleum refinery. CdO-GO, G-CdO nanocomposites showed remarkable adsorption capability of 699 and 430 mg g−1 which was higher than G (80 mg g−1), GO (65 mg g−1), and CdO (400 mg g−1). Based on the R2 (correlation coefficient) values, the kinetic statistics of Cr (VI) onto the G, GO, CdO, G-CdO, and CdO-GO were effectively obeyed by pseudo-second-order than by all other models. The R2 values for the five nano-bioadsorbents were extraordinarily high (R2 greater than 0.990) which ensured the chemisorption. This study ensured that the adsorptive removal rate of Cr (VI) is still greater than 85 % after repeated five cycles, suggesting that the produced nanomaterials are adsorbents with strong recyclability.

Exposure to a sublethal concentration of CdO nanoparticles impairs the vision of the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) by disrupting histamine synthesis and recycling mechanisms.

While there is substantial literature on potential risks associated with exposure to emerging nanomaterials, less is known about the potential effects of hazardous metallic nanoparticles on vision, as well as the mechanisms that underpin them. The fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) was used as an in vivo model organism to investigate the effects of exposure to a sublethal concentration (0.03mg CdO NPs/mL, which was 20% of the LC50) on fly vision and compound eye ultrastructure. First, we observed a reduction in phototaxis response in treated flies but no change in locomotor activity. Because histamine (HA) has been linked to arthropod vision, we investigated HA synthesis, uptake, and recycling as a possible underlying mechanism for the observed adverse effect of CdO NPs on fly vision. This was accomplished by measuring the expression of the histamine decarboxylase (hdc) gene, which encodes the enzyme that converts the amino acid histidine to histamine (HA), as well as the expression of some genes involved in HA-recycling pathways (tan, ebony, Balat, CarT, and Lovit). The results showed that CdO NPs changed the expression levels of hdc, Lovit, tan, and eboney, indicating that HA synthesis, transport, and recycling were disrupted. Furthermore, less histamine immunolabeling was found in the head tissues of CdO NP-treated flies, particularly in the optic lobes. We also observed and quantified CdO NP bioaccumulation in compound eye tissues, which resulted in a number of cytological changes. Phenotypic effects (undersized eyes) have also been observed in the compound eyes of F1 flies. Considering the significance of vision in an organism's survival, the findings of this study are extremely crucial, as long-term exposure to CdO NPs may result in blindness.

Surface modification of Ag–CdO with polyaniline for the treatment of 3′,3″,5′,5″-tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein (BPB) under UV-visible light irradiation

The quality of natural waters could be deteriorated by organic pollutants which can impose a risk to the ecosystem as well as human health. These organic contaminants are often needed to be removed with adequate techniques. In this study, the photocatalysts of CdO nanoparticles (NPs), Ag–CdO nanocomposites (NCs), and Ag–CdO/polyaniline (PANI) NCs were successfully synthesized in order to investigate their degradation performance against 3′,3″,5′,5″-tetrabromophenolsulfonphthalein (bromophenol blue, BPB) dye. The crystal structure, functional groups, morphological change, and degradation efficiency of as-synthesized photocatalysts were characterized using XRD, FTIR, SEM and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques respectively. The SEM result showed that the surface morphology of the nanomaterials seems the agglomerated micron-scaled grains as compared to CdO NPs and Ag–CdO NCs. The FT-IR spectrum demonstrated the absorption peaks which strongly confirmed that Ag–CdO NCs surface was successfully modified with PANI. The highly sharp and intensive XRD patterns attributed to the cubic structure for CdO NPs and Ag–CdO NCs structures with decreasing crystalline size from 40.58 nm to 36.43 nm and 10.29 nm upon CdO NPs photocatalyst surface treatment with Ag metal and PANI. The decreased particle size brought about to narrow the bandgap from 2.76 eV to 1.61 eV and 1.58 eV respectively. Among the synthesized photocatalysts, Ag–CdO/PANI NCs exhibited the best degradation efficiency of 97.30 % at pH 6, 10 ppm concentration of dye, 0.140 g of catalyst load, and 210 min irradiation time. Moreover, the kinetics of photodegradation of model dye at optimum conditions followed pseudo-second order reaction with the rate constant of 8.56 × 10-2 M-1min-1. The results suggested that, the developed treatment method for this particular dye could be applicable for the treatment of wastewater samples containing acidic dyes.

Investigation of Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2 and TiO2-4wt.%CdO Nanoparticles for Degradation of Methylene Blue

Water pollution is one of the big problems of human societies, and the need to find new ways to remove these pollutants has been given much attention in recent years. One of the methods is the use of photocatalysts. In this research, TiO2 and TiO2-CdO nanoparticles were prepared by a sol-gel method as nano photocatalysts. The produced samples have been used to degrade methylene blue under UV light. To characterize the prepared samples, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), X-ray Energy Diffraction Spectroscopy (EDS), and Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy (UV-Vis) were used. Microstructural results revealed nanoparticles with dimensions of 18 to 32 nm. XRD results showed that the main phase formed was the anatase. TiO2-4 wt.% CdO nanocomposite showed more photocatalytic activity compared to pure TiO2. Also, the effect of pH, irradiation time, and amount of powder on photocatalytic activity was investigated. The results showed that at pH=9, time of 75 min, and using 0.02 g TiO2-4 wt.% CdO photocatalyst, the maximum photocatalytic activity of about 92 % was obtained.

Strategic insight into enhanced photocatalytic remediation of pharmaceutical contaminants using spherical CdO nanoparticles in visible light region

The sustainable control of pharmaceutical micropollutants in water and wastewater environments is a great challenge in the 21st century. To address these issues, unique CdO nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized using a facile hydrothermal approach and investigated for photocatalytic control of the antibiotic tetracycline, multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDRB), and total coliform in the wastewater effluent. The NPs were characterized using a range of techniques and it exhibited a spherical-like crystal structure with a mean size of 40 nm. The vibrational stretching mode of 1419 cm−1 confirmed the formation of Cd–O (M − O). The synthesis protocol formed smoother surfaces and 1.88 eV band gap energy of CdO NPs, inducing excellent photocatalytic activity under visible LED light (blue and white) irradiation. The optimal catalyst dose and pH were 100 mg/L and 8–9, respectively. Blue light proved more effective than white light, resulting in 28% higher efficiency (93 ± 0.47%) in tetracycline degradation than white light under an identical intensity (20 mW/cm2). White light required a four-fold higher light intensity (80 mW/cm2) than blue light to induce comparable photocatalytic MDRB inactivation. Bacterial cell lysis by the photocatalytic treatment was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The used catalyst was easily recovered by 5 min of centrifugation and re-used without any noticeable change in the photocatalytic decomposition. The trapping experiment revealed that the CdO-based NPs contributed primarily to the generation of •O2− and •OH radicals (Type I), but the •O2− radicals were the dominant reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the photocatalytic process.

Synthesis and electrochemical characterization of polyaniline doped cadmium oxide (PANI-CdO) nanocomposites for supercapacitor applications

High-performance nanoscale supercapacitor (SC) electrode materials of polyaniline (PANI) and polyaniline cadmium oxide (PANI-CdO) composites are fabricated using In-situ chemical polymerization route. The structural parameters, crystallite size, and lattice strain of the prepared samples are estimated by X-ray diffraction analysis. The CdO stretching peak in PANI-CdO nanocomposite's FTIR spectra confirms the interaction of CdO with PANI. SEM analysis exposing a random dispersion of CdO nanoparticles in PANI matrix and showing the cluster of indefinitely shaped fibrous flaky architectures. The cyclic voltammetry (CV) results show a higher specific capacitance of 866 F g−1 for PANI-5%CdO composite as compared to Pure PANI 222 F g−1 and Pristine CdO 35.2 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1 scan rate. Galvanostatic charge-discharge (GCD) results also show a higher specific capacitance value of 906.8 F g−1 for PANI-5%CdO composite at 9.26 A g−1 current density revealing a maximum energy density and power density of 9.04 Wh kg−1 and 1510 W kg−1 respectively. The frequency response behavior of PANI-CdO nanocomposites (EIS spectra) reveals (Warburg) diffusive resistance of the electrolyte into the interior of the electrode and ion diffusion into the electrode surface. The higher capacitance and lower ESR (equivalent series resistance) value of PANI-CdO nanocomposite refer to the formation of a more ordered structure and rapid ion diffusion that can develop enhanced surface-dependent electrochemical properties and recommend this material to be a promising potential candidate for practical supercapacitor electrode preparation.

Evaluation of microstructural, optical, vibrational properties and photocatalytic activity of CdO nanostructure

Microwave irradiation was used to prepare the CdO nanostructure for photocatalytic activity. The X-ray diffraction profile after 600 °C annealing confirms the phase transition from monoclinic Cd(OH2) to CdO cubic structure. The typical crystallite sizes of the prepared and annealed nanoparticles are 34 nm–52 nm. The presence of functional groups in the samples is supported by vibrational studies. The optical band gap of as-prepared and annealed samples was calculated using UV spectra. It was discovered to be 3.06 eV for the as-prepared sample and 2.17 eV for the annealed sample. Photoluminescence measurement was selected to study the optical performance of CdO nanoparticles. They confirm the green emission at 522 nm. The morphological and elemental analyses of the CdO nanostructure were recorded using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The spherical-shaped CdO nanostructures with a uniform size distribution are clearly visible in scanning electron micrographs. TEM micrographs confirm the size of the spherical shaped particles is 50 nm. Using the energy dispersive spectrum, the expected percentages of elements Cd and O were determined. The photocatalytic activity of CdO nanoparticles was tested using methylene blue and rhodamine B.

Facile synthesis of CdO-ZnO heterojunction photocatalyst for rapid removal of organic contaminants from water using visible light

The synthesis of an efficient photocatalyst for removing organic contaminants in the water is of major importance for researchers working in heterogeneous photocatalysis. To do this, we provide the co-precipitation approach for synthesizing heterojunction nanocomposite (CdO-ZnO). Standard analytical techniques were used to characterize the synthesized components. According to the XRD and DRS results, a composite of ZnO and CdO was effectively synthesized with a shift of λmax towards the higher wavelength. SEM pictures reveal well-decorated oval-shaped CdO nanoparticles with hexagonal ZnO particle morphology. Under visible light irradiation, the as-prepared CdO-ZnO nanocomposite demonstrated very efficient photocatalytic performance as measured by the decomposition of RhB, MB, paracetamol, and ciprofloxacin in an aqueous solution. The photo-mineralization of MB and RhB over the most active CZ-3 catalyst was also assessed by measuring the decrease in TOC (total organic carbon) content over time when exposed to visible light. The breakdown of paracetamol produces no hazardous by-products, according to high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) study. The photocatalytic process appears to be dominated by OH and h+, according to the radical scavenger tests.

A Comprehensive review on Photocatalytic activity of CdO Nanoparticles

Photocatalytic activity is a commonly used the function of semiconductor nanoparticles of CdO. CdO nanocomposites were analyzed by X-pillar diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-bar (EDX), high objective transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM), Raman spectroscopy (RS), brilliant clear spectroscopy (UV–Vis.) and photo-luminescence (PL) spectroscopy techniques. Photocatalytic activity of the arranged models has been investigated under UV light. The decrease in the power of surge tops exhibits that the photo generated charge carriers have been moved from CdO NPs sheets, which causes to build the thickness of O2−and •OH progressives in the shading arrangement. The normal molecule sizes of CdO nanoparticles were found to be 14 nm. The blended CdO nanoparticles were utilized as photo catalyst some dyes are RhB, MY, MB, ARS etc. The photo degradation of methylene blue was advanced under different response conditions, for example impetus stacking, color focus, temperature, and pH. The upgraded photocatalytic activity can be attributed to synergistic impact of CdO.

Tuning the luminescence performance of CdO nanoparticles via Tb2O3 inclusion

The strategy of this work is mainly concentrated on tuning the performance of CdO nanoparticles (NPs) via Tb2O3 addition. Precipitation method is utilized for the NPs synthesis, where Tb2O3 concentrations were 0%, 5%, 10% and 15%. The prepared samples are examined using different analytical techniques. SEM and TEM results showed that Tb2O3 acted as passivation agent for the growth of CdO NPs and annulled particles agglomeration. There is a harmony in crystallites size calculated from XRD and TEM (47–55 nm), whereas, the maximum value is obtained for 5% of Tb2O3. The molecular analysis using FTIR elucidated the stability of the absorption bands for the mixed phase samples comparing with the single one, in agreement with XRD results. The estimated Eg values are ranged within (2.90–2.94) ± 0.02 and are increased slightly with Tb2O3 content. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra using different excitation wavelengths showed two overlapped emission peaks for the mixed phase Tb2O3 - CdO NPs, where the positions and the shape of these peaks appeared to be independent on excitation wavelength. The maximum PL intensity is recorded for the 5% of Tb2O3 using an excitation wavelength of 365 nm. The high intensive of visible emission using different excitation wavelengths suggested the possibility of their use in diverse applications such as light emitting diodes, optical sensor as well as in cathode ray tubes.