Serum CD4 Research Articles

Effects of secukinumab combined with tretinoin on metabolism, liver enzymes, and inflammatory factors in patients with moderate to severe psoriasis vulgaris.

Psoriasis is a T cell-mediated polygenic chronic inflammatory disease. Interleukin (IL)-17A plays a major role in psoriasis pathogenesis. Secukinumab is a high-affinity human monoclonal antibody against IL-17A. This article explored efficacy and safety of secukinumab plus tretinoin in moderate to severe psoriasis (MSP) vulgaris, and assessed metabolism, liver function, and inflammation. A total of 135 patients diagnosed with moderate or severe psoriasis vulgaris were enrolled and randomized into three groups at a 1 : 1 : 1 ratio, receiving treatment with rretinoin, secukinumab, or combination therapy for a duration of 16 weeks. Psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores, serum T lymphocyte subsets, glucose, lipid, and uric acid (UA) metabolism, liver enzymes, and inflammatory factors (IFs) were measured. Following the therapy, subjects had decreased PASI scores, increased serum CD3+, CD4+, and CD4+/CD8+, decreased serum CD8+, and decreased serum UA and IL-2, IL-6, IL-23, interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α (p < 0.05). Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein, apolipoproteins A1, B, fasting blood glucose, alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase had no obvious differences among the subjects (p > 0.05). As against the Tretinoin and the Secukinumab groups, the PASI score was visiblysmaller, the changes in serum T lymphocyte subsets were more obvious, and serum UA and IFs were lower in the Combination group following the therapy (p < 0.05). Secukinumab combined with tretinoin is more effective in MSP vulgaris, which can visibly reduce inflammatory response without affecting glucose and lipid metabolism and liver function.

Multiple cytokine analyses identify CSF1 as a robust biomarker for predicting postoperative recurrence in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps

ObjectiveChronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a heterogeneous disease with a high rate of postoperative recurrence. This study aimed to discover potential biomarkers by analyzing multiple cytokine profiles in serum to predict postoperative recurrence in CRSwNP and to explore the underlying mechanisms. MethodsIn this prospective study, we enrolled 18 healthy controls (HC) and 60 CRSwNP patients and analyzed the baseline serum cytokine profiles using the Luminex assay. Patients were followed up for more than 2 years and divided into non-recurrence and Recurrence groups. The differentially expressed cytokines were validated in the serum and tissue samples in a validation cohort, and their predictive values for recurrence were evaluated. ResultsFifty-four CRSwNP patients completed the follow-up schedule, including 37 patients in the non-Recurrence group and 17 patients in the Recurrence group. Multiple cytokine analyses showed that serum CD40, CD40L, IL-18, IL-8, MCP1, and CSF1 levels were elevated in the CRSwNP group, especially in the Recurrence group, compared to the HC group. Receiver operating characteristic curves (ROC) and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that serum levels of CD40, CD40L, and CSF1 were closely associated with the risk of postoperative recurrence. Further validation results showed that both serum and tissue mRNA levels of CD40, CD40L, and CSF1 were significantly higher in the Recurrence group in comparison with the non-recurrence and HC groups, and tissue CSF1 mRNA expression exhibited a robust value for predicting the CRSwNP recurrence. Immunofluorescence results revealed that CSF1 was enhanced in the recurrent CRSwNP patients, especially in the epithelial cell area, and CSF1 expressions were augmented when patients suffered postoperative recurrence. ConclusionsCirculating cytokine profiles may affect the risk of postoperative recurrence in CRSwNP patients. Our discovery-validation results suggested that CSF1 might serve as a robust biomarker for predicting CRSwNP recurrence.

Clinical outcome and peripheral immune profile of myasthenic crisis with omicron infections: A prospective cohort study

The impact of Omicron infections on the clinical outcome and immune responses of myasthenia gravis (MG) remained largely unknown. From a prospective multicenter MG cohort (n = 189) with 197 myasthenic crisis (MC), we finally included 41 independent MG patients to classify into two groups: the Omicron Group (n = 13) and the Control Group (n = 28). In this matched cohort study, all-cause mortality was 7.69% (1/13) in Omicron Group and 14.29% (4/28) in Control Group. A higher proportion of elevated serum IL-6 was identified in the Omicron Group (88.89% vs 52.38%, P = 0.049). In addition, the proportions of CD3+CD8+T in lymphocytes and Tregs in CD3+CD4+ T cells were significantly elevated in the Omicron Group (both P = 0.0101). After treatment, the Omicron Group exhibited a marked improvement in MG-ADL score (P = 0.026) and MG-QoL-15 (P = 0.0357). MCs with Omicron infections were associated with elevated serum IL-6 and CD3+CD8+T response. These patients tended to present a better therapeutic response after fast-acting therapies and anti-IL-6 treatment.

A comparative study on the clinical efficacy of percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy and conventional open surgery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation.

To analyze the efficacy of single-channel percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) and conventional open surgery in the treatment of lumbar disc herniation (LDH). This is a retrospective study. A total of 66 patients with LDH admitted to Tianjin Medical University from June 2017 to June 2018 were divided into two groups: the observation group (single-channel PELD) and the control group (posterior lumbar interbody fusion), with 33 cases in each group. The two groups were compared in terms of visual analogue scale(VAS), oswestry disability index (ODI), Japanese Orthopaedic Association Score(JOA), perioperative indicators, clinical efficacy, postoperative complications, changes in inflammatory factors and serum T lymphocyte subsets. The operation time, incision length, intraoperative blood loss, time in bed, hospital stay in the observation group were all lower than those in the control group. At 7d after treatment, the improvement of ODI, VAS and JOA in the observation group were better than that in the control group. At the last follow-up, there was no significant difference in Cobb angle and lumbar lordosis angle between the two groups. The levels of serum IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α in the observation group were lower than those in the control group. The degree of reduction of serum CD3+ and CD4+ in the observation group were higher than those in the control group. And the level of elevation of CD8+ in the observation group was lower than that in the control group. Moreover, there was no significant difference in CD4+/CD8+ level between the two groups. The excellent rate of surgical results in the observation group was higher than that in the control group. Complications occurred in both groups, with no significant difference between the two groups. Single-channel PELD can achieve superior clinical efficacy over conventional open surgery in the treatment of LDH.

Colostrum supplement, immune variables and hospital-acquired infection in acute respiratory failure: A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study

BackgroundBovine colostrum has anti-microbial and immunomodulatory properties. We investigated the possibility of colostrum supplementation for managing hospital-acquired infections in critically ill patients. Materials & methodsPatients with enteral nutrition were randomly assigned to receive either colostrum 30 g daily in the intervention group or a similar amount of formula in the control group for ten days. ResultsGEE-analysis showed that patients in the colostrum group (n = 45) had higher serum CD4 and CD8 protein levels by 0.33 ng/ml and 0.29 ng/ml respectively than the control group (n = 45) during the study period (P < 0.05). The increase of lymphocytes was higher in the colostrum group (ß= 322, P = 0.04).The incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia (7% vs 16%) and clostridium difficile diarrhea (4% vs 22%) were significantly lower in the colostrum group than the control group. ConclusionColostrum increased lymphocytes and serum levels of CD4 and CD8 proteins and reduced the incidence of nosocomial infections.

TO DETERMINE THE ZINC LEVEL AND ITS CORRELATION WITH CD4 COUNT BEFORE AND AFTER ZINC SUPPLEMENTATION IN HIV INFECTED PATIENTS

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a state of profound immunodeficiency. Zinc is a known to maintain a healthy immune system. Low levels of zinc in plasma predict a threefold increase in mortality related to HIV, while adequate levels of the zinc in the blood have been associated with a slow disease progression, decrease in viral load and HIV RNA, increase in CD4 count, a decrease in the risk for diarrhea, bacterial and opportunistic infections.Zinc deficiency which is common among the HIV infected persons, is overlooked So, we conducted this study to analyze the level of serum zinc level in HIV infected patients and to find out correlation between serum zinc level and CD4 count before and after 6 months of zinc supplementation. Methods: This study enrolled 54 HIV infected patients above 18 years of age who visited the Medicine outpatient department or the ART Centeror admitted to the medicine ward, Regional institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphalfor a period of 2 years(October 2019 to October 2021). Serum zinc level, CD4 count, HIV viral load before and after 6 months of zinc supplementation and other routine blood investigations were done. Zinc deficiency was defined by serum Zinc level (&lt; 70mcg/dl).Zinc supplementation (12 mg/day for female, 15 mg/day for male) had been done for the duration of 6 months in the form of oral zinc sulfate. Result: A total of 54 HIV infected patients under ART were enrolled in our study. As per WHO clinical staging, majority of the patients (79.6%) belonged to stage1, the mean duration + SD of HIV was 10.9815 + 8.1229 years. Most of them (46.3%) have CD4 count in the range of 200-500 cells/mm3 while maximum patients (70.4%) had viral load &lt;50 (Target not detected). Majority of the patients (50%) had serum zinc level in the 60-70 mcg/dl while 18.5% of them had zinc level &lt; 50 mcg/dl. There was statistically significant improvement in level of serum zinc and CD4 count, but no improvement in viral load after 6 months of supplementation of zinc.The association with CD4 count was not statistically significant. Conclusion: The present study showed that the majority of patients (92.6%) had zinc deficiency at baseline. There was increase in the mean serum zinc level, CD4 count after 6months of zinc supplementation but no improvement in viral load. Zinc deficiency was reduced to only (31.5%) patients. Hence, this study conclude that zinc deficiency is common among HIV patients and zinc supplementation as an adjunct therapy can significantly improve zinc deficiency and CD4 count in HIV infected patients on ART without any adverse side-effects of zinc supplementation thereby decreasing the risk for bacterial and opportunistic infections.

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ZTHY2 Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppression in Mice.

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa (R. mucilaginosa) can enhance the immune and antioxidant function of the body. However, whether R. mucilaginosa has an immunoregulatory effect on cyclophosphamide (CTX)-induced immunosuppressed animals remains to be clarified. In this study, the R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 that we isolated from the coastal waters of the South China Sea previously was prepared in order to investigate its immunoprotective effect on CTX-induced immunosuppression in mice, and the effects were compared to those of Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) (a well-known probiotic). Seventy-two male SPF mice were divided into six groups: The C group (control); IM group (immunosuppressive model group) (+CTX); Rl, Rm, and Rh groups (+CTX+low, medium, and high concentration of R. mucilaginosa, respectively); and PC (positive control) group (+CTX+LA). After a 28-day feeding trial, blood samples were taken for biochemical and serum immunological analysis, and the thymus and spleen were collected to analyze the organ index, lymphocyte proliferation and differentiation, and antioxidant capacity. The findings showed that R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 improved the spleen and thymus indices, effectively attenuated immune organ atrophy caused by CTX, and enhanced the proliferation of T and B lymphocytes induced by ConA and LPS. R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 promoted the secretion of cytokines and immunoglobulins and significantly increased the contents of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IgA, IgG, IgM, CD4, CD8, CD19, and CD20 in serum. The proportion of CD4+, CD8+, CD19+, and CD20+ lymphocytes in spleen, thymus, and mesenteric lymph nodes were increased. In addition, R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased glutathione (GSH), total superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) levels. Our results indicated that R. mucilaginosa ZTHY2 can significantly enhance the immune function of immunosuppressed mice, and improving antioxidant capacity thus attenuates CTX-induced immunosuppression and immune organ atrophy.

Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis secondary to hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection caused by Corynebacterium Striatum

BackgroundWe herein described the coexistence of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) and histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis, alternatively known as the Kikuchi disease (KD), secondary to hemodialysis catheter-related bloodstream infection (BSI) caused by Corynebacterium striatum.Case presentationA patient on maintenance hemodialysis had developed persistent fever and Corynebacterium striatum was subsequently identified from the culture of both catheter tip and peripheral blood. During mitigation of the BSI, however, his fever was unabated and ensuing workup further found thrombocytopenia, hyperferritinemia, hypertriglyceridemia, low NK cell activity and a surge in serum CD25 levels. Moreover, biopsy of the bone marrow and lymph node detected histopathological evidence of hemophagocytosis and KD, respectively. Upon these abnormalities, the title-bound diagnosis was considered and the patient was eventually recovered from the treatment of dexamethasone instead of antibiotics. Consistently, aberrations in his serum CD25 levels and NK cell activity had subsided two months after discharge.ConclusionsArguably, this encounter offered a unique chance to unravel the principal pathogenic cascade in immunobiology that made the three entities one disease continuum. As such, our work may add new understandings of HLH and/or KD secondary to severe infections in general and excessive release of cytokines in particular among patients with kidney diseases. The resultant early diagnosis is crucial to initiate appropriate treatment and improve the survival of patients with these challenging and potentially life-threatening disorders.

Evaluation of IL-6, FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes, intestinal barrier biomarkers and the use of synbiotics in obese adolescents: a pilot study.

This prospective pilot study evaluated inflammatory and intestinal barrier biomarkers and the effects of a synbiotic in obese adolescents. Eighteen obese and 20 eutrophic adolescents were evaluated for body composition using bioimpedance analysis (BIA), body mass index (BMI), IL-6 and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) serum levels, CD4 and FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes and monocytes. Synbiotic supplementation for 60 days was also evaluated for these parameters only in obese adolescents. We observed an increase in CD4 lymphocyte (18.0 ± 12.4 vs. 8.9 ± 7.5; p < 0.01), IL-6 (0.30 ± 0.06 vs. 0.20 ± 0.06; p = 0.02) and LPS (0.18 ± 0.15 vs. 0.08 ± 0.05; p < 0.01) levels in obese compared to eutrophic adolescents. After synbiotic supplementation, FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes increased (14.0 ± 6.7 vs. 9.9 ± 5.4; p = 0.02) in obese adolescents. Obese adolescents presented a state of microinflammation and intestinal barrier breakdown, and synbiotic supplementation increased the expression of FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes, an anti-inflammatory regulator. Whether the increase in FoxP3 Treg lymphocytes may have an impact on inflammation and outcomes in obese adolescents deserves further evaluation.

Immune function, gastrointestinal hormone levels, and their clinical significance in patients with gastric ulcers complicated with depression.

Gastric ulcer (GU) is a common digestive tract disease, and medical records of GU combined with depression are increasingly common. Currently, the risk factors and pathogenesis of GU complicated with depression remain unclear. Low immune function and gastrointestinal hormone levels may also be significant risk factors. Therefore, this study explored the immune function and gastrointestinal hormone levels in patients with GU combined with depression. To explore the immune function, gastrointestinal hormone level, and clinical significance of patients with GU combined with depression. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 300 patients with GU combined with depression admitted to Guizhou Provincial People's Hospital from January 2021 to June 2022 as the study subjects. According to the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) score, patients were divided into mild-to-moderate (n = 210) and heavy (n = 90) groups. Basic data, immune function indices [immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgM, IgG, serum CD4+ and CD8+ percentage, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio], and gastrointestinal hormone indices [serum gastrin (GAS), cholecystokinin (CCK), and motilin (MTL) levels] were collected. The basic data of the two groups were compared, and the immune function and gastrointestinal hormone indices were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the factors influencing the severity of GU complicated with depression. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to analyze the value of the immune function index, gastrointestinal hormone index, and combined index in predicting the severity of GU complicated with depression. There were no marked differences in sex, age, body mass index, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, belching, nausea, vomiting, or sleep disorders between the heavy and mild-to-moderate groups (P > 0.05). There was a marked difference in the family history of depression between the heavy and mild-to-moderate groups (P < 0.05). There were significant differences in serum IgA and IgM levels and serum CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ ratios between the heavy and mild-to-moderate groups (P < 0.05). Multivariate analysis showed that IgA, IgM, GAS, and CCK serum levels influenced the severity of GU with depression (P < 0.05). The AUC of the ROC curve for serum IgA level predicting GU with depression severity was 0.808 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.760-0.857], the AUC of the serum IgM level was 0.757 (95%CI: 0.700-0.814), the AUC of the serum GAS level was 0.853 (95%CI: 0.810-0.897), the AUC of the serum CCK level was 0.762 (95%CI: 0.709-0.822), the AUC of immune function (IgA, IgM) and gastrointestinal hormone levels (GAS, CCK) for the prediction of GU with depression severity was 0.958 (95%CI: 0.933-0.976). Important factors influencing GU complicated with depression are serum IgA, IgM, GAS, and CCK indicators. They can be used as indicators to predict the severity of GU complicated with depression.

The Effect of Tunnel versus Conventional Phototherapy on the T Lymphocytes in Full Term Neonates with Hyperbilirubinemia

Background Neonatal jaundice is one of the most common conditions. Phototherapy has been accepted as the standard treatment for neonatal jaundice and the decline in the number of exchange transfusions in recent years is, at least in part, likely a direct reflection of the effectiveness of phototherapy at treating hyperbilirubinemia. However, this treatment modality also has some complications. One possible harmful consequence is potential immunotoxic effects by affection of lymphocytes subtypes which can affect the immune system functions in infants. Aim of the Work current study was performed to compare the effect of both conventional and tunnel phototherapy on lymphocytes subsets in term neonates (≥37weeks) with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Patients and Methods The present study was conducted on 60 term neonates (≥37weeks) 40 of them with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia admitted to NICUs in Ain-Shams University hospital during the period from January 2019 to July 2019. They were randomly assigned to 3 groups: 20 patients were exposed to conventional phototherapy and 20 patients were exposed to tunnel phototherapy and the other 20 healthy full term were assigned as control group. Total serum bilirubin (TSB), direct serum bilirubin (DSB), CBC, CD4 and CD8 percentages and absolute count were measured before and 48 h after phototherapy in the phototherapy groups. Baseline lab was done in the control group at once. Results significant decrease in total and direct bilirubin post-phototherapy in both phototherapy groups proved that tunnel phototherapy is as effective as conventional phototherapy as both provided rapid decrease in bilirubin levels. As regards the effect of phototherapy on lymphocytic count, we found that lymphocytic count significantly decreased post-phototherapy in both phototherapy groups. As regards the effect of phototherapy on CD4+ and CD8+ percentages, we found that CD4+ % significantly decreased postphototherapy in conventional phototherapy group. Moreover, when we measured CD4+ and CD8+ absolute counts, we found that CD4+ and CD8+ absolute counts significantly decreased post-phototherapy in both phototherapy groups. In the view of the effect of phototherapy on CD4/CD8 ratio, we found that the ratio significantly increased in tunnel phototherapy group. Conclusion Conventional and tunnel phototherapy which are used in the treatment of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, affects the function of the immune system in newborns via alterations in CD4+ and CD8+ absolute counts.

Bacterial translocation markers and toll-like receptors in biliary atresia following successful portoenterostomy.

The gut-liver axis may contribute to pathophysiology of cholestatic liver disorders like biliary atresia (BA) by bacterial translocation (BT). Toll-like receptors (TLR) are pattern recognition receptors known to activate innate immunity and secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Herein, we examined BT-associated biomarkers and TLRs in relation to liver injury after successful portoenterostomy (SPE) in BA. Serum levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP), CD14, LAL, TNF-α, IL-6 and FABP2 along with liver expression of TLRs (TLR1, TLR4, TLR7 and TLR9), LBP and CD14 were measured during median 4.9 (1.7-10.6) years follow-up after SPE in 45 BA patients. Serum LBP, CD14, TNF-α and IL-6 all increased after SPE whereas LAL and FABP-2 remained unchanged. Serum LBP correlated positively with CD14 and markers of hepatocyte injury and cholestasis, but not with Metavir fibrosis stage, transcriptional markers for fibrosis (ACTA2) or ductular reaction. Serum CD14 concentration was significantly higher in patients with portal hypertension than without. While liver expression of TLR4 and LBP remained low, TLR7 and TLR1 showed marked BA-specific increases, and TLR7 correlated with Metavir fibrosis stage and ACTA2. BT does not seem to play a significant role in liver injury after SPE in our series of BA patients.

Serum TGF-β1 and CD14 Predicts Response to Anti-TNF-α Therapy in IBD.

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) agonists revolutionized therapeutic algorithms in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) management. However, approximately every third IBD patient does not respond to this therapy in the long term, which delays efficient control of the intestinal inflammation. We analyzed the power of serum biomarkers to predict the failure of anti-TNF-α. We collected serum of 38 IBD patients at therapy prescription and 38 weeks later and analyzed them with relation to therapy response (no-, partial-, and full response). We used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to quantify 16 biomarkers related to gut barrier (intestinal fatty acid-binding protein, liver fatty acid-binding protein, trefoil factor 3, and interleukin (IL)-33), microbial translocation, immune system regulation (TNF-α, CD14, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, mannan-binding lectin, IL-18, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), osteoprotegerin (OPG), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF-2), endocrine-gland-derived vascular endothelial growth factor), and matrix metalloproteinase system (MMP-9, MMP-14, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase-1). We found that future full-responders have different biomarker profiles than non-responders, while partial-responders cannot be distinguished from either group. When future non-responders were compared to responders, their baseline contained significantly more TGF-β1, less CD14, and increased level of MMP-9, and concentration of these factors could predict non-responders with high accuracy (AUC = 0.938). Interestingly, during the 38 weeks, levels of MMP-9 decreased in all patients, irrespective of the outcome, while OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β1 were higher in non-responders compared to full-responders both at the beginning and the end of the treatment. The TGF-β1 and CD14 can distinguish non-responders from responders. The changes in biomarker dynamics during the therapy suggest that growth factors (such as OPG, IGF-2, and TGF-β) are not markedly influenced by the treatment and that anti-TNF-α therapy decreases MMP-9 without influencing the treatment outcome.

Association of serum CD14 level and functional polymorphism C-159T in the promoter region of CD14 gene with allergic rhinitis

Allergic rhinitis (AR) is an inflammatory disease of the upper respiratory tract affecting a significant number of the world’s population. It occurs as an IgE-mediated immune response of the nasal mucosa to inhaled allergens. The human Cluster of Differentiation 14 (CD14) is a glycosyl-phosphatidylinositol-anchored molecule expressed on the surface of monocytes and macrophages and functions as a receptor to lipopolysaccharides and inhaled endotoxins that may stimulate interleukins production by antigen-presenting cells. Consequently, CD14 plays a substantial role in allergic diseases and may become one of their etiological causes. This study aimed to determine the association between C-159T polymorphism in the CD14 gene promoter region and serum CD14 levels and the risk of Allergic rhinitis Egyptian patients and to test the validity of serum CD14 level measurement in predicting AR. This case–control study included 45 patients with AR referred to Allergy and Immunology Unit, Zagazig University Hospital, Zagazig, Egypt, and 45 healthy subjects as controls. Serum CD14 levels were measured by ELISA. The polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism technique was used to detect C-159T gene polymorphism in the CD14 promoter region. There was a significant association between CD14 serum levels and AR incidence (P < 0.001), with patients having higher serum CD14 levels than controls. In addition, a significant association (P < 0.001) was detected between serum CD14 levels and the severity of AR, as well as elevated serum CD14 levels in severe and the most severe cases. On the molecular level, there was a statistically significant relationship between patients and the control group regarding the CD14 genotype (P < 0.001), where CT and TT genotypes and T allele were primarily associated with the cases group, indicating that the risk of AR was significantly associated with the inheritance of the TT genotype. Additionally, a statistically significant association was found between the severity of AR and CD14 genotype (P < 0.001), where TT genotypes were mainly associated with severe and the most severe cases. In the studied groups, there was a statistically significant difference (P < 0.05) between the CD14 genotype and serum CD14 levels, with TT genotypes being associated with higher CD14 levels. The results obtained in this study revealed that serum CD14 level is a potential biomarker for the diagnosis of AR and, at the genetic level, a potential predictor of disease.

Brain white matter and resting state eeg markers are abnormal in HIV subjects with relatively good cognitive status

AbstractBackgroundThis retrospective and exploratory study tested the concept that at the group level, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) can significantly affect brain structure and function before the manifestation of significant cognitive deficits.MethodFrom a multicenter database, we selected structural 3T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and resting state eyes‐closed electroencephalographic (rsEEG) datasets in 30 HIV‐positive (HIV) subjects with relatively good cognitive status and serological markers (i.e., HIV‐RNA copies and CD4 count). Control datasets of matched non‐infected subjects included rsEEG (N = 50) and MRI (N = 30) recordings. MRI markers of interest in HIV were derived from gray matter (GM) volume decrements and white matter (WM) lesion load, while rsEEG markers were cortical source current density estimated by LORETA freeware at relevant delta (&lt; 4 Hz) and alpha (6‐12 Hz) individual frequency bands.ResultIn the HIV group, the subjects exhibited no abnormal score in neuropsychological tests. However, those subjects showed brain GM volume and WM abnormalities correlated with serum CD4 count (Figure 1). They also showed diffuse abnormalities in rsEEG alpha source activities.ConclusionAt the group level, HIV subjects with relatively good cognitive status can show abnormalities in both structural MRI and rsEEG markers. If cross‐validated in longitudinal studies, combined MRI and rsEEG markers may be a useful surrogate endpoint to test antiretroviral therapies with putative neuroprotective function.

Elevation of Some Cytokines, CD4 and CD8 in Odontogenic Infection

An odontogenic infection is an infection that originates within a tooth or in the closely surrounding tissues. In vitro quantitative evaluation of. IL-6, INF-gamma and CD4 and. CD8 molecules during odontogenic infection and control. group. In vitro quantitative determination of, IL-6,INF-gamma and CD4 and CD8 molecules in serum using Sandwich-ELISA. the Mean±SD of serum IL-6 was 41.1450±19.802 (pg\ml) for patients and 10.367±4.047 pg\ml for healthy with P. value 0.0001, while the Mean±SD of serum IFN-ɣ was higher in control group than in test group (61.490±30.662) (pg\ml) and 16.880±7.593 (pg\ml) respectively. and the differences were significant, P 0.0001. At the same time, The mean of serum CD4 molecules was 5.175±2.335 (ng\ml) and 2.230±1.027 (ng\ml) for controls groups with P. value was ≤0.0001. while serum soluble CD8 was the Mean±SD 3.265±1.175 (ng\ml) and 1.014±0.815 (ng\ml) for controls healthy with P. value ≤ 0.0001. Mean of the CD4/CD8 ratio was 1.584 in control group while it was 2.199 in odontogenic infection patients" Conclusion: Immunological parameters were included in present study ( IL-6, IFN-ɣ, CD4 and CD8,) showed high levels among patients with odontogenic infection compared to a healthy control.

Correlation analysis of CD8+ cell overexpression and prognosis of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome-a case-control study.

Hemorrhagic fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS) is an infectious disease caused by Hantavirus with fever, hemorrhage and acute kidney injury (AKI) as clinical characteristics. The research on the etiology and pathogenesis of diseases has become a focus of attention. However, there are few related medical studies in children with HFRS. The prognosis of the children with HFRS remains to be explored. We explored risk factors in children with HFRS and summarize sensitive indicators that are conducive to the prognosis of the disease. We designed a case-control study and recruited 182 HFRS pediatric patients (2014.01-2022.08). They were divided into two groups according to the severity of disease, including the control group(158 cases with mild and moderate subgroup)and the observation group (24 cases with severe and critical subgroup). Risk factors influencing prognosis were analyzed by binary logistic regression. The cutoff value, sensitivity and specificity of the risk factors prediction were calculated by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and Yoden index. Lymphocyte subsets characteristics analysis showed that in observation group the indexes were decreased in lymphocyte, T lymphocytes (CD3)+, helper/inducible T lymphocytes (CD4+)/inhibition/cytotoxic T cells (CD8+), B lymphocytes (CD19+); and the elevated index was CD8+, the difference were all significant between two groups. (P < 0.05). With death as the primary outcome, it was found that the serum CD8+ (odds ratio [OR] 2.91, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.65, 4.00; P < 0.01) was risk factor and significantly associated with mortality. The cutoff value of the serum CD8+ was 845 × 106/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 78.5%, 85.4%. With complications as the secondary outcomes, the serum CD8+ (OR 2.69, 95% CI 1.15, 4.88; P < 0.01) was found to be risk factors. The cutoff of the serum CD8+ was 690 × 106/L, the sensitivity and specificity were 69.3%, 75.1% respectively. CD8+ may be significantly correlated with the severity and prognosis of HFRS in children.

Ajugol attenuates renal injury in multiple myeloma by blocking LILRB4 signaling pathway to reduce PFKFB3 expression

Motherwort exhibits a curative effect on kidney damage and its component, ajugol, also might improve kidney damage. Therefore, this study assesses the mechanism whereby ajugol alleviates renal injury in multiple myeloma. After establishment of animal model of multiple myeloma (n = 30), mice received treatment with low-dose and high-dose ajugol (n = 10, each group). And 10 healthy mice were taken as control group and 10 modeled mice were untreated (model group). Following treatment, the serum and spinal cord samples of the mice were collected, in which the levels of Cys-C, RBP, Cr, UN, CD4+, CD8+, and CD25+ were examined and the expression of LILRB4 and PFKFB3 proteins in myeloma tissue were detected. Compared with model group, the levels of serum Cys-c, RBP, Cr and UN in low-dose and high-dose groups decreased, but were still higher than those in control group (P &lt;0.05). Of ajugol groups, the levels in high-dose group were lower (P &lt;0.05). Importantly, the treatment of ajugol greatly alleviated lesions of myeloma tissue and reduced infiltration of inflammatory cells via lowering the levels of serum CD4+, CD8+, and CD25+. Besides, ajugol dose-dependently decreased LILRB4 and PFKFB3 expression in myeloma tissue samples. Ajugol, a bioactive component of motherwort, blocked the LILRB4 signaling and reduced PFKFB3 expression to inhibit the activity of immune cells and thereby alleviating renal injury in multiple myeloma. This is related to significant inhibition of multiple myeloma cell glycolysis and reduction of intracellular energy metabolism, indicating the anti-cancer potential of ajugol.

Measurement of CD4 and CD8 in Cutaneous Leishmanisis Patientsand their Relation tvith Zn Deficiency

Cutaneous leishmainasis still is a common skin infection worldwide and because it's type and of clinical course depends on patient's immune system which in turn affected by zinc. To assess the relation of serum zinc, CD4", and CD8" with the disease. A total of 107 patients with CL were studied during period between October/2004-April/2005 in the dermatology department of Al- Haweja general hospital. Patients were divided in to two groups according to immune system development and Zn requirement. Sixty healthy individuals were used as control group, and divided into two groups, first groups 20 individuals' ages ranging from 1-15 years and second groups above 15 years their ages ranging from 16 to 60 years and sub-divided into 20 males and 20 females. After history and examination confimation of diagnosis made by skin smears. Serum zinc level and CD4* and CD8" were done for all patients and control. The mean of serum Zn concentration in patients above 15 years of age was significantly low 7.61 = 0.03 pmol / | for male, and 6.69+ 0.31 for female in comparison to 14.08 = 0.04 pmol/l for male, and 12.02 + 0.02 for female in similar control group. The mean percent of CD4" in patients above 15 years of age was significantly low 36.5 + 0.98% for male, and 36.29 = 0.06 % for female in comparison to 59.95 = 0.16%% for male, and 58.90.14 % for female in similar control group. The mean percent of CDS” in patients above 15 years of age was significantly low 22.37+0.05% for male, and 22.47£0.04% for female in comparison to 30.95%0.12% for male, and 31.15%0.15% for female in similar control group. The CD4"/CDS§" ratio mean in patients above 15 years of age was significantly low 1.63+0.004 for male, and 1.6£0.004 for female in comparison to 1.94+0.01 for male, and 1.890.01for female in similar control group. All patients with CL have zinc deficiency, and have decreased in CD4', CDS", and decreased CD4"/CD8" T lymphocytes.

Dietary pattern association with CD4 cells count in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus: A cross-sectional study

Background:Considering contradictory reports about the impact of dietary pattern on CD4 cell count in previous studies and the potential importance of diet on the immune system, this study aimed to assess the association between dietary patterns and CD4 count among HIV-infected patients.Methods:This cross-sectional study was conducted among HIV-infected patients aged 18–60 who registered in the referral Voluntary Counseling and Testing Center of Shiraz, Iran. The principal component analysis identified nutritional patterns and factors. The association between the score of the dietary patterns and CD4 count was considered in two categories of CD4 more/less than 500 and using backward logistic regression after adjusting for confounders.Results:A total of 226 participants were included in the analysis. CD4 was significantly lower in males ( p &lt; 0.001). Participants with illegal drug use ( p &lt; 0.001), HCV ( p = 0.001), and HBV ( p &lt; 0.001) had lower serum CD4. Four extracted dietary patterns were a Plant-rich diet, Healthy animal-based proteins, a Western diet, and Affordable calorie and protein patterns. There was an association between CD4 and Western diet patterns in the best model in which age, gender, weight, and HBV were included. Each unit increase in Western diet score increased the odds of CD4 less than 500 by 57% (OR = 1.57; CI 95% 1.06–2.34, p = 0.02).Conclusion:Among the four dietary patterns, the Western diet comprising a high intake of refined sugar and grain, saturated and trans fats, and animal protein sources, especially high-fat red meat, had a statistically significant relationship with a decrease in CD4 cell count.