CCTCC AB Research Articles

Proteus appendicitidis sp. nov., isolated from the appendiceal pus of an appendicitis patient in Yongzhou, China.

A Gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, short rod-shaped bacterium, designated as strain HZ0627T, was isolated from the appendiceal pus of a patient with appendicitis in Yongzhou, Hunan, China. This strain was subjected to comprehensive phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses using polyphasic taxonomic methods. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that this strain belonged to the genus Proteus and the family Morganellaceae, whereas that based on the rpoB gene sequence and phylogenomic analysis demonstrated that this strain was distinctly separated from other type strains of Proteus species. Moreover, whole-genome-based analyses, including in silico DNA-DNA hybridization (isDDH) and average nucleotide identity (ANI), revealed that strain HZ0627T had much lower isDDH rates (24.5-55.6%) and ANI (82.04-93.90%) than those of the thresholds (i.e., 70% and 95%, respectively) for species delineation, when compared to the type strains of other Proteus species. The cellular fatty acid profile of strain HZ0627T was dominated by C16:0 (34.5%), cyclo C17:0 (25.8%), C14:0 (12.6%), C16:1 iso I/14:0 3-OH (7.7%), C18:1ω7c/18:1ω6c (6.5%), and C16:1ω7c/16:1ω6c (4.9%), which clearly differentiated it from the documented type strains of Proteus species. In addition, several specific physiological traits, including optimal growth temperature, tolerance to sodium chloride, and carbon source utilization, differed from those of other Proteus species. Therefore, we propose the name Proteus appendicitidis sp. nov. for strain HZ0627T (= CCTCC AB 2022380T = KCTC 92986T), which represents the type strain of this novel Proteus species.

Lactiplantibacillus paraxiangfangensis sp. nov., isolated from traditional Chinese pickle.

Three Gram-stain-positive bacterial strains (designated 231-9T, 142-6 and 463-4) were isolated from traditional Chinese pickle, and were characterized using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains 231-9T, 142-6 and 463-4 were phylogenetically related to the type strains of Lactiplantibacillus xiangfangensis, Lactiplantibacillus garii, Lactiplantibacillus carotarum, Lactiplantibacillus plajomi and Lactiplantibacillus modestisalitolerans, having 98.6-99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. Strains 231-9T, 142-6 and 463-4 were most closely related to the type strain of L. xiangfangensis, having 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene, 95.6 % pheS, 99.4 % rpoA and 98.2 % concatenated pheS and rpoA sequence similarities. Relatively low pheS (95.6 %) sequence similarity indicated that strain 231-9T should be further identified. Strain 231-9T shared 99.7-99.9 % average nucleotide identity (ANI) and 98.8-98.9 % digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values with strains 142-6 and 463-4, indicating that they belonged to the same species. The ANI and dDDH values between strain 231-9T and L. xiangfangensis LMG 26013T were 92.4-92.9 and 49.6 %, respectively, less than the threshold for species demarcation (95-96% ANI and 70 % dDDH values, respectively), indicating that strains 231-9T, 142-6 and 463-4 represented a novel species within the genus Lactiplantibacillus. Acid production from d-ribose, d-adonitol, d-galactose and lactose, activity of β-galactosidase and β-glucosidase, Voges-Proskauer reaction, hydrolysis of hippurate, resistance to 5 µg ml-1 erythromycin, 100 µg ml-1 tetracycline hydrochloride, 50 µg ml-1 bacitracin, 300 µg ml-1 each of gentamicin sulphate, streptomycin sulphate and neomycin sulphate, tolerance to 6 % NaCl could distinguish strains 231-9T, 142-6 and 463-4 from L. xiangfangensis 3.1.1T. Based upon the data of polyphasic characterization obtained in the present study, a novel species, Lactiplantibacillus paraxiangfangensis sp. nov., is proposed and the type strain is 231-9T (=JCM 36258T=CCTCC AB 2023133T).

Lactobacillus juensis sp. nov. and Lactobacillus rizhaonensis sp. nov., isolated from the gut of honeybee (Apis mellifera).

Four lactic acid bacteria, designated F690T, F697, F790T and F769-2, were isolated from the gut of honeybee (Apis mellifera). Results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strains F690T and F697 were phylogenetically related to the type strains of Lactobacillus kimbladii, Lactobacillus laiwuensis, Lactobacillus kullabergensis and Lactobacillus huangpiensis, having 99.1-99.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities; and that strains F790T and F769-2 were most closely related to the type strain of Lactobacillus melliventris, having 99.2-99.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities. The phylogenies based on concatenated pheS, rpoA, gyrB, hsp60, recA, rpoB and tuf sequences and based on whole genome sequences were identical to that based on 16S rRNA gene sequences. Strains F690T and F697 exhibited the highest average nucleotide identity (ANI; 92.1-93.2 %), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH; 50-50.1 %) and average amino acid identity (AAI; 94.9-95.1 %) values with L. kimbladii Hma2NT. Strains F790T and F769-2 had the highest ANI (93.1-94 %), dDDH (54.4 %) and AAI (94.4-94.7 %) values with L. melliventris Hma8NT. Based upon the data obtained in the present study, two novel species, Lactobacillus juensis sp. nov. and Lactobacillus rizhaonensis sp. nov., are proposed and the type strains are F690T (=JCM 36259T=CCTCC AB 2023131T) and F790T (=JCM 36260T=CCTCC AB 2023132T), respectively.

Chitiniphilus purpureus sp. nov., a novel chitin-degrading bacterium isolated from crawfish pond sediment.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, curved rod-shaped, motile and chitin-degrading strain, designated CD1T, was isolated from crawfish pond sediment in Caidian District (30° 58' N 114° 03' E), Wuhan City, Hubei Province, PR China. Growth of this strain was observed at 15-40°C (optimum between 28 and 30 °C), at pH 7.0-9.0 (optimum between pH 7.0 and 8.0) and with 0-1 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum at 0 %). With respect to the 16S rRNA gene sequences, strain CD1T had the highest similarity (96.91-97.25 %) to four type strains of the genera 'Chitinolyticbacter' and Chitiniphilus within the family Chitinibacteraceae. The phylogenetic trees based on genome sequences and 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CD1T was close to members of these two genera, in particular to the genus Chitiniphilus. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain CD1T was 64.8 mol%. The average nucleotide identity and the Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator results showed low relatedness (below 95 and 70 %, respectively) between strain CD1T and the closely related type strains. Ubiquinone-8 was the predominant quinone. The major cellular fatty acids were C10 : 0, C16 : 0, summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c). The polar lipid profile was composed of a mixture of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, four unidentified lipids, two unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminolipids and an unidentified aminoglycolipid. On the basis of the evidences presented in this study, strain CD1T represents a novel species of the genus Chitiniphilus, for which the name Chitiniphilus purpureus sp. nov. is proposed, with strain CD1T (=CCTCC AB 2022395T=KCTC 92850T) as the type strain.

Description of Microbacterium dauci sp. nov., a plant growth hormone indoleacetic acid-producing and nitrogen-fixing bacterium isolated from carrot rhizosphere soil.

A plant growth hormone indoleacetic acid-producing strain LX3-4T was isolated from a carrot rhizosphere soil sample collected in Shandong Province, China. It is Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, and has irregular short rod-shaped cells. LX3-4T shared high 16S rRNA gene sequence identity with Microbacterium oleivorans DSM 16091T (99.4%), M. testaceum NBRC 12675T (98.6%), M. marinum DSM 24947T (98.5%), M. resistens NBRC 103078T (98.4%), and M. paraoxydans NBRC 103076T (98.3%). Phylogenetic analysis based on the concatenated gene sequences of 16S rRNA gene, housekeeping genes gryB and rpoB also showed the distinction between strain LX3-4T and other Microbacterium species. Furthermore, analysis of the average nucleotide identities (ANI), the average amino acid identity (AAI), and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain LX3-4T and its relatives revealed that strain LX3-4T represents a distinct species. The genomic DNA G + C content of the strain is 69.5%. It can grow at 25-37°C (optimum 37°C), pH 5.0-10.0 (optimum pH 6.0-8.0), and the range of NaCl concentration is 0-7% (w/v) (optimum 1-5%). The colonies on agar plates are smooth, translucent, and pale yellow. The main cellular fatty acids of strain LX3-4T are anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0, and iso-C16:0. The predominant respiratory quinones are MK-12 and MK-11. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid, and an unidentified phosphoglycolipid are major polar lipids. The cell-wall sugar of strain LX3-4T is glucose. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contains glycine, alanine, lysine, and glutamic acid. In addition, this strain carries nitrogen fixation genes and can grow in nitrogen-free medium. Based on the polyphasic data, strain LX3-4T represents a novel species of the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium dauci sp. nov. is proposed with strain LX3-4T (= CCTCC AB 2023103T = LMG 33159T) designated as the type strain.

Paenibacillus baimaensis sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from mountain soil in the habitat of Rhinopithecus bieti.

A novel Gram-positive strain WQ 127069T that was isolated from the soil of Baima Snow Mountain, a habitat of highly endangered Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys (Rhinopithecus bieti), was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate belongs to the genus Paenibacillus, showing 98.4 and 96.08 % sequence similarity to the type strains Paenibacillus periandrae PM10T and Paenibacillus foliorum LMG 31456T, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain WQ127069T was 45.6 mol%. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7, and meso-diaminopimelic acid was present in peptidoglycan. The major cellular fatty acids were antiiso-C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 0 and C16 : 0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine. The whole genome average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain WQ 127069T and strain PM10T were 93.2 and 52.5 %, respectively. Growth occurred at 5-40 °C (optimally at 20-35 °C), pH 6-8 (optimally at pH7.0) and with 0.5-2 % (w/v) NaCl (optimally at 0.5 %). On the basis of the taxonomic evidence, a novel species, Paenibacillus baimaensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is WQ 127069T (=KCTC 43480T=CCTCC AB 2022381T).

Azospirillum isscasi sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of rice.

A Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterium, designated C340-1T, was isolated and screened from paddy soil in Zhongshan County, Guangxi Province, PR China. This strain grew at 20-42 °C (optimum, 37 °C), pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and 0-4 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0-1 %) on Reasoner's 2A medium. The strain could fix atmospheric nitrogen and acetylene reduction activity was recorded up to 120.26 nmol ethylene h-1 (mg protein)-1. Q-10 was the only isoprenoid quinone component; phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, an unidentified aminolipid and an unidentified polar lipid were the major polar lipids. Summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) were the primary cellular fatty acids. The genome of strain C340-1T was 6.18 Mb, and the G+C content was 69.0 mol%. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on 16S rRNA gene and 92 core genes showed that strain C340-1T was closely related to and clustered with the type strains Azospirillum brasilense JCM 1224T, Azospirillum argentinense Az39T, Azospirillum baldaniorum Sp245T and Azospirillum formosense JCM 17639T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI), average amino acid identity (AAI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between strain C340-1T and the closely related type strains mentioned above were significantly lower than the threshold values for species classification (95-96 %, 95-96 % and 70 %, respectively). Based on phylogenetic, genomic, phenotypic, physiological and biochemical data, we have reason to believe that C340-1T represents a new species of the genus Azospirillum, for which the name Azospirillum isscasi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is C340-1T(=CCTCC AB 2023105T=KCTC 8126T).

Parachitinimonas caeni gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of family Burkholderiaceae isolated from activated sludge collected in Shenzhen, PR China.

A Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic and filamentous bacterial strain, designated as DQS-5T, was isolated from the activated sludge of a municipal sewage treatment plant in Shenzhen, PR China. Optimal growth was observed at 28 °C and pH 7.5. Catalase and oxidase activities were detected. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain DQS-5T was most closely related to the genera Chitinimonas and Chitinivorax (91.0-93.4 % and 92.5 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, respectively) and was close to the member of the family Burkholderiaceae. The complete genome sequence of strain DQS-5T contains 5 653 844 bp and 57.3 mol% G+C. The average nucleotide identity, digital DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity values between the genome of strain DQS-5T and those of its close relatives were 75.9-77.2, 19.0-20.3 and 57.2-61.8 %, respectively. Chemotaxonomic analysis of strain DQS-5T indicated that the sole respiratory quinone was ubiquinone-8, the predominant cellular fatty acids were C16 : 0 and summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), and the major polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and aminolipid. The phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data demonstrate that strain DQS-5T represents a novel species in a novel genus within the family Burkholderiaceae, for which the name Parachitinimonas caeni gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. Strain DQS-5T (=KCTC 92788T=CCTCC AB 2022320T) is the type and only strain of P. caeni.

A novel UV-resistant bacterium Sphingomonas endolithica sp. nov., and genomic analysis, isolated from the north slope of Mount Everest.

Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium strain ZFBP2030T was isolated from a rock on the North slope of Mount Everest. This strain contained a unique ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as a predominant respiratory quinone. Among the tested fatty acids, the strain contained summed feature 8, C14:0 2OH, and C16:0, as major cellular fatty acids. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, three unidentified phospholipids, two unidentified aminolipids, and six unidentified lipids. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was a meso-diaminopimelic acid, and cell-wall sugars were ribose and galactose. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain ZFBP2030T was a member of the genus Sphingomonas, exhibiting high sequence similarity to the 16S rRNA gene sequences of Sphingomonas aliaeris DH-S5T (97.9%), Sphingomonas alpina DSM 22537T (97.3%) and Sphingomonas hylomeconis CCTCC AB 2013304T (97.0%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between ZFBP2030T and other typical strains was less than 97.0%. The average amino acid identity values, average nucleotide identity, and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between strain ZFBP2030T and its highest sequence similarity strains were 56.9-79.9%, 65.1-82.2%, and 19.3-25.8%, respectively. The whole-genome size of the novel strain ZFBP2030T was 4.1 Mbp, annotated with 3838 protein-coding genes and 54 RNA genes. Moreover, DNA G + C content was 64.7mol%. Stress-related functions predicted in the subsystem classification of the strain ZFBP2030T genome included osmotic, oxidative, cold/heat shock, detoxification, and periplasmic stress responses. The overall results of this study clearly showed that strain ZFBP2030T is a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas endolithica sp. nov. is proposed. The type of strain is ZFBP2030T (= EE 013T = GDMCC 1.3123T = JCM 35386T).

Moraxella haemolytica sp. nov., isolated from a goat with respiratory disease.

An aerobic, haemolytic, Gram-negative and rod-shaped bacterial strain ZY171148T was isolated from the lung of a dead goat with respiratory disease in Southwest China. The strain grew at 24-39°C, at pH 6.0-9.0 and in the presence of 0.5-2.0% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belongs to the genus Moraxella. The nucleotide sequence similarity analysis of the 16S rRNA gene showed that the strain has the highest similarity of 98.1% to Moraxella (M.) caprae ATCC 700019T. Phylogenomic analysis of 800 single-copy protein sequences indicated that the strain is a member of the genus Moraxella and forms a separated branch on the Moraxella phylogenetic tree. The strain exhibited the highest orthologous average nucleotide identity (OrthoANI) and average amino acid identity (AAI) values of 77.0 and 77.9% to M. nasibovis CCUG 75921T and M. ovis CCUG 354T, respectively. The strain shared the highest digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) value of 26.2% to M. osloensis CCUG 350T. The genome G + C content of strain ZY171148T was 42.6mol%. The strain had C18:1 ω9c (41.7%), C18:0 (11.2%), C16:0 (14.1%) and C12:0 3OH (9.7%) as the predominant fatty acids and CoQ-8 as the major respiratory quinone. The strain contained phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, cardiolipin, dilysocardiolipin, monolysocardiolipin and phosphatidic acid as the major polar lipids. β-haemolysis was observed on Columbia blood agar. All results confirmed that strain ZY171148T represents a novel species of the genus Moraxella, for which the name Moraxella haemolytica sp. nov. is proposed, with strain ZY171148T = CCTCC AB 2021471T = CCUG 75920T as the type strain.

Ochrobactrum chromiisoli sp. nov., Isolated from Chromium-Contaminated Soil.

A Gram-stain-negative, non-spore-forming, flagellated, motile, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria strain, designated YY2XT, was isolated from chromium-contaminated soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene, recA gene, and whole genome indicated that the strain represented a new member of the genus Ochrobactrum, family Brucellaceae, class Alphaproteobacteria. The phylogenetic trees based on 16s rRNA gene, revealed that Falsochrobactrum ovis DSM26720T (96.7%), Ochrobactrum gallinifaecis DSM15295T (96.2%), and Pseudochrobactrum asaccharolyticum DSM25619T (96.2%) are the most closely related phylogenetic neighbors of strain YY2XT. The draft genome of YY2XT was approximately 4,650,646bp in size with a G + C content of 53.0mol%. Average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values among strain YY2XT and the selected Brucellaceae species were 71.4-83.1% and 13.5-42.7%, which are below the recommended cut-off values for species delineation. Growth of strain YY2XT occurred within pH 5-10 (optimum, pH 7-8), 4℃-42°C (optimum, 30°C), and NaCl concentrations of 0.0-6.0% (optimum, 1.0%). Major quinone system was ubiquinone 10, the major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1ω7c, and C16:1ω7c and the major polyamines were spermidine and putrescine. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and four undefined lipids. On the basis of the phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic traits, strain YY2XT was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Ochrobactrum, for which the name Ochrobactrum chromiisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YY2XT (= CCTCC AB 2023035T = JCM 36000T).

Pararhizobium qamdonense sp. nov., Isolated from an Alpine Soil in Tibet and the Reclassification of Rhizobium gei Shi et al. 2016 as Pararhizobium gei comb. nov.

A novel Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacterium named T808T was isolated from an alpine soil in Qamdo, Tibet, PR China. Strain T808T grew at 5-30℃, pH 5.0-9.0 (optimum, 25℃ and pH 7.0-8.0) with 0-2% (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 0%). The 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain T808T showed the highest similarity with Pararhizobium herbae CCBAU83011T (98.8%), followed by Pararhizobium polonicum F5.1T (98.7%), Pararhizobium giardinii H152T (98.5%), Rhizobium gei ZFJT-2T (98.4%), and Pararhizobium antarcticum NAQVI59T (97.5%). The highestdigital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), core-proteome average amino acid identity (cpAAI) and average nucleotide identity (ANI) values between strain T808T and related strains were estimated as 28.0%, 92.1% and 84.4%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA, core-proteome and whole-genome indicated that strain T808T belonged to the genus Pararhizobium. The genome size was 6.24 Mbp with genomic DNA G + C content of 60.1%. The major cellular fatty acids were Summed feature 8 (C18:1 ω7c or C18:1 ω6c), C16:0 and C19:0 cyclo ω8c. The polar lipids were diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl choline and unidentified aminophospholipid. The isoprenoid quinone were ubiquinone-10 and ubiquinone-9. Based on phenotypic, phylogenetic, and genotypic data, strain T808T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pararhizobium, for which the name Pararhizobium qamdonense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is T808T (= JCM 36247T = CICC 25216T). According to phylogenetic coherence based on 16S rRNA, core-proteome and whole-genome, it is also proposed that the type strain Rhizobium gei Shi et al. 2016 should be reclassified as Pararhizobium gei comb. nov., the type strain is ZFJT-2T (= CCTCC AB 2013015T = KCTC 32301T = LMG 27603T).

Empedobacter sedimenti sp. nov., isolated from sediment of East Taihu Lake.

A Gram-reaction-negative, strictly aerobic, pale yellow, non-gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated DT-LB-19T, was isolated from the sediment of East Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, PR China. Strain DT-LB-19T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to members of the genera Algoriella, Chishuiella and Empedobacter (94.84-95.77 %) in the family Weeksellaceae. In phylogenetic trees based on genomes, strain DT-LB-19T clustered within the genus Empedobacter but formed a separate subclade with a high bootstrap value. The average nucleotide identity and digital DNA-DNA hybridization values between DT-LB-19T and the closely related type strains were in the range of 82.5-86.9 % and 25.8-32.3 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3-OH, C16 : 1 ω5c, C16 : 0, summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B), summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c) and iso-C15 : 03-OH. The predominant menaquinone was menaquinone-6. The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one glycolipid, two aminophospholipids and five unidentified lipids. The DNA G+C content was 31.8 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic results, we propose that strain DT-LB-19T represents a novel species of the genus Empedobacter, for which the name Empedobacter sedimenti sp. nov. is proposed, with strain DT-LB-19T (=KCTC 82330T=CCTCC AB 2023026T= JSACC 11448T) as the type strain.

Paenibacillus polygoni sp. nov., an endophytic bacterium isolated from Polygonum lapathifolium L. in wetland.

A Gram-stain-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-motile, yellowish and glossy strain, C31T, was isolated from a wetland plant Polygonum lapathifolium L. located south of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, PR China. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain C31T showed similarity values of lower than 97.0 % to other type species belonging to the genus Paenibacillus. The genomic average nucleotide identity values between strain C31T and its reference type species ranged from 68.9-70.9 % and the digital DNA-DNA hybridization values were lower than 27.8 %. The genomic DNA G+C content of strain C31T was 41.9 mol%. The optimal growth temperature, pH and NaCl concentration were 37 °C, pH 7 and 0.5 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids (>5.0 %) of strain C31T were anteiso-C15 : 0 (73.7 %), anteiso-C17 : 0 (8.4 %) and iso-C15 : 0 (5.2 %). The polar lipids of strain C31T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and unidentified phospholipids. The respiratory quinone was MK-7. Based on these phylogenetic and phenotypic characterizations, strain C31T represents a novel species within the genus Paenibacillus. Therefore, the proposed name for this newly identified species is Paenibacillus polygoni sp. nov. and the type strain is C31T (=CCTCC AB 2022349T=KCTC 43565T).

Acinetobacter thutiue sp. nov. Isolated from Oil-Contaminated Soil in Motorbike Repair Workshops

Two Acinetobacter isolates were found in soil samples from motorbike repair workshop floors in Vietnam. The two Acinetobacter isolates were Gram-stain-negative, coccobacilli-shaped, aerobic, non-motile, non-hemolytic, oxidase-negative, and catalase-positive. They were designated as strains VNH17T and VNK23. Their growth was inhibited by NaCl concentrations of >3%, and they grew at an optimal temperature of 20–35 °C. Acidification of D-glucose and hydrolysis of gelatin were negative. They grew on β-alanine, ethanol, L-histidine, D-malate, and L-ornithine whereas L-arginine, citrate, L-glutamate, and L-phenylalanine were not utilized. Core genome-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that the two isolated strains formed a lineage within the genus Acinetobacter in the family Moraxellaceae, the closest relative was Acinetobacter pavus (91.70–91.95%), and were grouped within a hemolytic clade with other closely-related relatives. The DNA G+C content of VNH17T and VNK23 was 42.07% and 41.75%, respectively. The average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization relatedness values (74.41–91.61% and 20.6–45.40%, respectively) between the Acinetobacter isolates and phylogenetically related type strains were below the threshold values used for species delineation. Based on genomic, chemotaxonomic, phenotypic, and phylogenomic analyses, the isolated strains represent novel species in the genus Acinetobacter, for which the name Acinetobacter thutiue sp. nov. (type strain VNH17T = KACC 23003T = CCTCC AB 2023063T) is proposed.

Tessaracoccus caeni sp. nov., a novel member of Propionibacteriaceae isolated from activated sludge in Hefei, PR China.

A floc-forming bacterial strain, designated HF-7T, was isolated from the activated sludge of an industrial wastewater treatment plant in Hefei, PR China. Cells of this strain were Gram-stain-positive, catalase- and oxidase-negative, facultatively anaerobic, and rod-shaped. Growth occurred at 20-42 °C (optimum, 28 °C), at pH 5.5-10.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and with 0-8.0 % (w/v) NaCl (optimum, 1 %). The major fatty acid was anteiso-C15 : 0. The polar lipid profile contained phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The DNA G+C content was 67 mol% from whole genomic sequence analysis. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain should be assigned to the genus Tessaracoccus and is closely related to Tessaracoccus arenae CAU 1319T (95.87 % similarity), Tessaracoccus lapidicaptus IPBSL-7T (95.19 %) and Tessaracoccus bendigoensis Ben 106T (94.63 %) but separated from them by large distances in different phylogenetic trees. Based on whole genome analysis, the orthologous average nucleotide identity and in silico DNA-DNA hybridization values against two of the closest relatives were 75.21-76.50 % and 14.2-24.4 %, respectively. The phylogenetic, genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data demonstrated that strain HF-7T could be distinguished from its phylogenetically related species and represents a novel species within the genus Tessaracoccus, for which the name Tessaracoccus caeni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HF-7T (=KCTC 49959T=CCTCC AB 2023019T).

Vibrio chanodichtyis sp. nov., isolated from the intestine of swordfish Chanodichthys dabryi.

A Gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic, motile, curved-rod-shaped flagellated bacterium, designated DSL-7T, was isolated from the intestine of Chanodichthys dabryi in the Yangtze river, PR China. The strain grew optimally in tryptone soy broth medium at 37 °C, pH 7.0 and with 1 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain DSL-7T showed less than 96.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to type strains of the genus Vibrio. Phylogenetic analysis based on genomes indicated that strain DSL-7T belonged to the genus Vibrio and formed a subclade with Vibrio mimicus NCTC 11435T, Vibrio metoecus OP3HT, Vibrio cholerae ATCC 14035T, Vibrio albensis ATCC14547T, Vibrio paracholerae OP3HEDC-792T and Vibrio tarriae 2521-89T. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and in digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between DSL-7T and closely related type strains were below the accepted threshold to delineate a new species of 95 and 70 %, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c and/or C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0, summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c and/or C18 : 1 ω6c) and C14 : 0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 47.6 mol%. Based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, phylogenetic and genomic data, strain DSL-7T represents a novel species of the genus Vibrio, for which the name Vibrio chanodichtyis sp. nov. is proposed, with strain DSL-7T (=KCTC 92851T=CCTCC AB 2022396T) as the type strain.

Ligilactobacillus cholophilus sp. nov., isolated from pickled potherb mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.).

Strain BD7642T was isolated from Chinese pickled potherb mustard (Brassica juncea Coss.) purchased from a local market in Shanghai, PR China. A polyphasic approach, including 16S rRNA gene sequence, housekeeping gene, average nucleotide identity (ANI), digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), G+C content and phenotypic analyses, was employed to characterize strain BD7642T. Cells of the bacterium were short round rods, Gram-stain-positive, non-spore-forming and catalase-negative. The strain grew at 30-45 °C and pH 4.0-8.0. Optimum growth occurred at 35-40 °C and pH 6.0-7.0. The strain exhibited growth with salt (NaCl) concentrations of up to 5 % (w/v). The G+C content of the strain's genomic DNA was 31.37 mol%. The major fatty acids were C16 : 0, C18 : 1 c9 and summed feature 10 (C18 : 1 c11/t9/t6). 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that strain BD7642T represents a member of the genus Ligilactobacillus and it had high sequence similarity to Ligilactobacillus aviarius NBRC 102162T (96.73 %), Ligilactobacillus araffinosus LGM 23560 (96.66 %) and Ligilactobacillus salivarius JCM 1231T (95.82 %). The dDDH values between strain BD7642T and its phylogenetically related species within the genus Ligilactobacillus ranged from 12.6 to 25.4 %. The ANI values between strain BD7642T and its closely related taxa were far lower than the threshold (95 %-96 %) used for species differentiation. Results of phylogenetic, physiological and phenotypic characterization confirmed that strain BD7642T represents a novel species within the genus Ligilactobacillus, for which the name Ligilactobacillus cholophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BD7642T (=CCTCC AB 2022398T=JCM 36074T).

Pontibacter harenae sp. nov., isolated from the soil of a Populus euphratica forest.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, aerobic and light pink-pigmented bacterium, designated XAAS-A31T, was isolated from the soil of a Populus euphratica forest located near Hotan City, Xinjiang, PR China. Polyphasic, taxonomic and phylogenomic analyses were used to determine the taxonomy position of the strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that XAAS-A31T belongs to the genus Pontibacter, family Hymenobacteraceae, and shows highest sequence similarity to Pontibacter silvestris XAAS-R86T (96.2 %). The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (22.0 %-19.2 %) and orthologous average nucleotide identity (74.1 %-72.7 %) values relative to closest validly published Pontibacter species were lower than the recommended thresholds of 70 and 96 %, respectively. The cells grew at 4-40 °C (optimum, 28-30 °C), at pH 6.5-8.5 (pH 7.0-7.5) and with 0-8% NaCl (0.5-2.0% NaCl). The main respiratory quinone of XAAS-A31T is MK-7, and the principal cellular fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0, iso-C17 : 0 3OH and summed feature 4 (iso-C17 : 1 I and/or anteiso-C17 : 1 B). The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, three unidentified amino-phospholipids, one unidentified glycolipid and eight unidentified lipids. The genome length of strain XAAS-A31T is 5.48 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 44.2 mol% and 4013 protein-coding genes. Phenotypic and genotypic data suggested that XAAS-A31T represents a novel Pontibacter species, for which we propose the name Pontibacter harenae sp. nov. and type strain XAAS-A31T (=CCTCC AB 2017162T=KCTC 62049T).

Aerococcus agrisoli sp. nov., isolated from paddy soil.

A non-spore-forming, Gram-stain-positive, short rod-shaped strain, designated SJQ22T, was isolated from a paddy soil sample collected in Shanghai, PR China. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SJQ22T fell within the genus Aerococcus, forming a clear cluster with the type strains of Aerococcus viridans (98.6 % sequence similarity) and Aerococcus urinaeequi (98.5 % sequence similarity). Strain SJQ22T grew at 30-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C), pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with a NaCl concentration of 0-4 % (optimum, 1 %). Cells were negative for oxidase and catalase activity. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed that strain SJQ22T possessed C16:0 and C18:1 ω9c as the predominant fatty acids. The DNA G + C content was 39.0 mol%. Strain SJQ22T exhibited DNA-DNA relatedness levels of 13±2 % with A. viridans ATCC 11563T and 9±2 % with A. urinaeequi IFO 12173T. Based on the data obtained, strain SJQ22T represents a novel species of the genus Aerococcus, for which the name Aerococcus agrisoli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SJQ22T (=JCM 33111T=CCTCC AB 2018283T).