CCD Camera Research Articles

Effect of copper on formation and adhesion of low carbon hot-rolled steel strips

The understanding of scales adhesively bonded requires several adhesion test method. Adhesion behaviour focuses on adhesive between scales-steel interface associated with scales formation and mechanical adhesion. This information on interface is typically obtained from tensile and pickling tests. Such information can give an indication of the adhesive strength of the interfaces. The hot-rolled low-carbon steel containing copper is focused on scales adhesion studies accomplished in laboratory. The key principle for good result is conception of an experimental method. Typical tensile testing machine equipped with a CCD camera has been adapted to investigate the scale failure. Classical gravimetric weight loss method has been conducted to assess corrosion rate. The scales morphology and cross-section of the samples are observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS). Phase identification is determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Much effort is needed to carefully assess scales adhesion. The test exposed the effect of copper composition selected to achieve hot-rolled steel properties on the formation and adhesion of oxide scales. Adhesive strength involves possible contributions from physical, chemical and mechanical. Characterisation of the scales-steel interface after the test would be much useful for exact investigation and still as a significant challenge. The experiment shows that element copper is already obvious at interface of relatively high levels of Cu of 0.225%. This effect is even decreased the adherence of oxide scales on the steel substrate by forming copper-rich phase at interface. Steel industry should more apply techniques such as tensile test for scales adhesion determination. This research is continuously looking for new method to assess scale adhesion. Consideration with results indicates that the element copper should more reasonably estimate for its effect to industrial descaling process.

Cell counting and velocity algorithms for hydrodynamic study of unsteady biological flows in micro-channels.

In this paper, the combination of two algorithms, a cell counting algorithm and a velocity algorithm based on a Digital Particle Image Velocimetry (DPIV) method, is presented to study the collective behavior of micro-particles in response to hydrodynamic stimuli. A wide experimental campaign was conducted using micro-particles of different natures and diameters (from to ), such as living cells and silica beads. The biological fluids were injected at the inlet of a micro-channel with an external oscillating flow, and the process was monitored in an investigated area, simultaneously, through a CCD camera and a photo-detector. The proposed data analysis procedure is based on the DPIV-based algorithm to extrapolate the micro-particles velocities and a custom counting algorithm to obtain the instantaneous micro-particles number. The counting algorithm was easily integrated with the DPIV-based algorithm, to automatically run the analysis to different videos and to post-process the results in time and frequency domain. The performed experiments highlight the difference in the micro-particles hydrodynamic responses to external stimuli and the possibility to associate them with the micro-particles physical properties. Furthermore, in order to overcome the hardware and software requirements for the development of a real-time approach, it was also investigated the possibility to detect the flows by photo-detector signals as an alternative to camera acquisition. The photo-detector signals were compared with the velocity trends as a proof of concept for further simplification and speed-up of the data acquisition and analysis. The algorithm flexibility underlines the potential of the proposed methodology to be suitable for real-time detection in embedded systems.

Study on the relationship between tea concentration and Tyndall effect

The quality of tea is relative with its concentration. In this paper, we present a method to identify the concentration of tea based on Tyndall effect. The tea is illuminated by 3-watt LED light sources with the main wavelength in ultraviolet and visible bands. The intensities of transmitted light are detected using the distributed photometer and the images of light distribution are captured by CCD camera at vertical direction to observe the Tyndall effect. The intensities and images for different light sources are compared. The experimental results show that there exist Tyndall phenomenon in tea. In addition, the Tyndall effect becomes weaker as the tea concentration increases when the tea is illuminated by the LED light sources with the main wavelength in the ultraviolet band. The method presented in this paper should be helpful for rapid identification of the tea quality

Adhesion of thermal oxide scales on hot-rolled steels with 0.026 and 0.193 wt% Si in Ar-20 %H2O at 900 °C

The hot-rolled coil was widely used for forming steel products. The basic problem was that the scale formed on the steel will affect the surface quality of the product. The scale must be completely removed before moving on to the next process. Therefore, the objective of this research was to evaluate the adhesion of scale on the surface of the hot-rolled steel. The hot-rolled with 0.026 and 0.193 wt% Si-containing steels were used to oxidise in Ar-20 %H2O atmosphere at 900 °C for investigating scale adhesion. The scanning electron microscope and X-ray diffractometer were used for the analysis of physical and chemical characterisation. The scale adhesion can be observed using a tensile testing machine that has a CCD camera. The result shows that the thickness of hot-rolled steel with 0.026 and 0.193 wt% Si were 8.4 and 6.3 um respectively. The oxide scale was comprised hematite, magnetite, wustite and iron. The strain initiating the first spallation of scale on the 0.193 wt% Si steel was 5.59 % which was higher than the 0.026 wt% Si steel of 4.79 %. At this strain, the adhesion energy of scale on 0.193 wt% Si steel was 692 J m−2 and 673 J m−2 for 0.026 wt% Si steel. This reveals a greater scale adherence to the steel with higher Si contents. It suggests that silicon alloys may affect the adhesion behaviour of scale on a steel substrate. As a result, higher energy was required to remove scale before further processing.

Techniques for Constructing Ultra Low Cost Deep Ultraviolet Transmission Microscopes

This article presents the design, construction, and results obtained by our new compact, small and inexpensive deep UV microscope. Several methods are described for recording microscopic images of various types in the deep ultraviolet spectral regime (200 nm – 300 nm). The techniques employed utilize CCD cameras, de-bayered webcam sensors, photographic paper and cyanotype coated paper as detectors. In addition, we describe the techniques employed and results obtained by utilizing a cellphone camera to record deep ultraviolet microscopic images. The instrumentation techniques, presented in this paper are expected to be most useful in areas where compact, handheld systems, are needed for in field applications.

Raman spectroscopic evaluation of precision of oxygen isotope ratio of carbon dioxide

We measured the Raman spectra of CO2 fluid at 30 MPa and room temperature (19.1–21.3°C). The spectra showed peaks attributed to the CO2 combining various isotopes such as 12C16O2, 13C16O2, and 12C16O18O. The relative ratio of 12C16O2 to 12C16O18O peaks represents the oxygen isotope ratio of CO2. To evaluate the precision of the peak ratios, we measured the CO2 Raman spectra at different exposure times. We examined the standard deviation (1 σ) of the peak intensity ratios and area ones for 20 measurements at each exposure time. The standard deviations of the intensity ratios and area ones were 2.7 and 3.1%, respectively, at a maximum exposure time of 494 s, conversion to peak intensity of 12C16O2 yields about 2,000,000 counts. The uncertainties are 2.5–3 times greater than expected from the noise of a CCD camera and photon statistics. The oxygen isotope ratios (δ18O) of natural samples have a range of variation of about 16.6%. Compared to that value, the precision we obtained from this study is very small. Raman spectroscopy can be combined with microscopy to analyze areas as small as approx. 1 µm in diameter. Therefore, oxygen isotope measurement using Raman spectroscopy has potential for application to natural samples as a new method for small CO2 fluids such as fluid inclusions.

HISTOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE LYMPHOID STRUCTURES OF THE GASTRIC MUCOUS MEMBRANE IN WHITE RATS WITH THE ADMINISTRATION OF SODIUM GLUTAMATE.

The aim: To determine the histological and morphological changes of the lymphoid structures of the stomach in male rats under the influence of oral sodium glutamate at the rate of 15 mg/kg of body weight. Materials and methods: The scientific experiment was performed on 20 white non-linear male rats of reproductive age (4-5 months). The experimental animals were divided into two groups (10 rats in each group), which were orally received monosodium glutamate at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight every day. We studied the effect of 2 and 4 weekly administration of monosodium glutamate at a dose of 15 mg/kg body weight, respectively, in the I and II groups of experimental animals (depending on the week of their decapitation). Rats of the control groups (n=10) were injected with a placebo for 2 and 4 weeks, namely 0.5 ml of dechlorinated tap water at room temperature. Intact control animals were also divided into two groups, 5 rats each, depending on the week of decapitation: respectively, III group - decapitation on the 2nd week of the experiment; IV group - decapitation on the 4th week of the experiment. After the experiments were completed, animals were decapitated under light ether anesthesia. According to the purpose of the study, pieces of rat stomach measuring 1.0 x 1.0 cm were taken from the front wall of the bottom of the stomach near the great curvature, cardiac and portal parts of the organ. Histological preparations were examined using a MICROmed SEO SСAN light microscope and a Vision CCD Camera. Morphometric studies were carried out according to the method of S. B. Stefanov, using grids No. 3/16. For electron microscopic examination, pieces of the stomach wall of rats were fixed in a 2.5% solution of glutaraldehyde in a 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2-7.4) with subsequent fixation in a 2.0% solution of osmium tetroxide. After dehydration in alcohols and acetone, the material was embedded in eponaraldite. Sections were made on an LKB-8800-III ultramicrotome and studied using a JEM - 100-V microscope. To study the structural components of the lymphoid formations of the mucous membrane of different parts of the stomach of rats, semi-thin sections were made for the purpose of sharpening the blocks, which were stained with methylene blue. Results: The analysis of the obtained data of the conducted experiment indicates that the administration of monosodium glutamate in a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight to rats already after 14 days leads to an increase in the density and size of the lymphoid structures of the GMM. The number of immunocompetent cells between the fundus of the gastric glands and the muscle plate increases in the diffuse lymphoid tissue of the gastrointestinal tract of rats in all its parts, both in the I and II groups of experimental animals. These changes are most pronounced in the cardiac and portal parts of the stomach. In both groups of experimental animals, the migration of interepithelial lymphocytes, macrophages, plasma cells, and tissue basophils to the surface epithelium increases. In both groups of experimental animals (and the II group of rats), lymphoid nodules and lymphoid pre-nodules of the gastric mucous membrane (GMM) are located between the bottom of the gastric glands and the muscular plate of the GMM. A gradual increase of medium lymphocytes in the GMM was established both in animals of I and II groups, while large lymphocytes increased in almost the same amount in experimental animals of both groups. Similar changes occur in the characteristics of the number of plasma cells, macrophages and tissue basophils in the lymphoid pre-nodules of GMM. Conclusions: Administering monosodium glutamate to rats at a dose of 15 mg/kg of body weight for 2 weeks leads to an increase in the density and size of lymphoid structures of the mucous membrane in all parts of the stomach with a predominant increase in the number of immunocompetent cells between the bottom of the gastric glands and the muscle plate. At the same time, more pronounced changes were found in the number of small lymphocytes, which tend to decrease by the 2nd week of the experiment, and vice versa - their density increases by the 4th week of monosodium glutamate administration.

A broadband picometer resolution visible CCD spectrometer based on virtually imaged phased array technology.

Coincidental realization of broadband spectral coverage and high resolution in one spectrometer system has always been a challenge. Here, we report the development of a high-resolution visible CCD spectrometer based on the virtually imaged phase array (VIPA) technique. By using a thin glass plate and a reflective grating, a two-dimensional cross-dispersion was realized. A broadband coverage of ∼14.94 THz and a high resolution of ∼1 GHz at 632.996 nm were achieved with a simple structure. The effects of the surface quality of VIPA etalon, the pixel size of the CCD camera, the pinhole size of the input beam, and the focal length of the imaging lens on the resolution of the spectrometer and the transverse spot size on the detector plane were considered. A comparison between the experimental results by changing the imaging lens and the theoretical calculation results proved a better simulation of these two parameters, which is a helpful contribution to the design and construction of a VIPA spectrometer. The developed spectrometer will provide a useful tool for the study of high-resolution spectroscopy and for simultaneous multi-species trace detection.

HISTOLOGICAL AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF THE VASCULAR BED OF THE THYMUS IN WHITE RATS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF MONOSODIUM GLUTAMATE.

The aim: To evaluate the effect of 28-day oral administration of MSG at the rate of 30 mg/kg of body weight on histological and morphometric parameters of the vascular bed of the thymus in rats. Materials and methods: The scientific experiment was conducted on 20 white non-linear rats of reproductive age (4-5 months) weighing from 220 to 280 g, which were divided into two groups (10 rats each). Depending on the term of decapitation, the experimental animals were divided into two groups (10 rats in each group). We studied the effect of 14 and 28 days of MSG administration on the body of rats (I and II groups of experimental rats). The experimental animals were daily orally treated with MSG at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight, which was dissolved in 0.5 ml of dechlorinated tap water at room temperature. Control rats of III and IV groups (5 rats in each of the control groups) were injected with a placebo (0.5 ml of dechlorinated tap water at room temperature) for 14 and 28 days. Intact animals of III and IV groups were also decapitated on the 14th and 28th days of the experiment, respectively. After the end of the experiment, animals were decapitated under light ether anesthesia. After decapitation, the animals were dissected into the chest cavity to remove the thymus. Histological preparations were studied using a MICROmed SEO SСAN light microscope and a Vision CCD Camera. Morphometric studies were carried out using VideoTest-5.0, KAARA Image Base and Microsoft Excel programs on a personal computer. Results: During the microscopic examination of histological preparations of the retrosternal gland in experimental animals of the 1st group (daily administration of MSG at the rate of 30 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days), it was established that the lumen of the arteries is moderately filled with blood elements. The veins are dilated with a changed shape and filled with blood. The following ultrastructural changes were detected in the experimental animals of group I: the lumen of arteries, arterioles and venules is slightly expanded, the nuclei of endotheliocytes are enlarged, occupy a significant part of the cytoplasm, the karyolem forms intussusceptions. The plasmolemma of the lumenal surface of endotheliocytes forms numerous microvilli. At the same time, organelles in the cytoplasm of endotheliocytes lose their contours. After 28 days of exposure to MSG at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight in rats (II group of experimental animals), structural changes in the vascular bed of the thymus worsened. The wall of arteries and arterioles is more thickened and swollen, collagen fibers are stratified. In their lumen, there are many uniform elements attached to the vascular wall and testify to thrombus formation. Perivascular edema is determined. The diameter of hemocapillaries is increased, their basal membrane is swollen. Veins and venules are also dilated, full blood, interendothelial contacts in the vessel wall are dilated, the basement membrane is damaged. This contributes to the diapedesis of blood plasma through the vessel wall, which leads to perivascular edema. Conclusions: Administration of MGS to rats at a dose of 30 mg/kg of body weight for 14 days leads to violations of the morphometric indicators of the vascular bed in the thymus, namely, to an increase in the outer and inner diameter of the arteries, an increase in the area of the middle membrane and the lumen of the vessels, which tend to progress with maximum indicators on the 28th day of the experiment. 2. The study of the vascular bed of the thymus against the background of taking MSG in a dose of 30 mg/kg of the weight of rats indicates the most pronounced changes in hemocapillaries, mainly on the 28th day of the experiment, which is manifested by an increase in their outer diameter. In the lumen of the hemocapillaries, deformed erythrocytes are identified, arranged in the type of "coin columns".

An Artificial Intelligence Regression Model for Prediction of NOx Emission from Flame Image

In this study, NOx emission has been estimated by processing the flame image of visible wavelength and its experimental verification has been presented. The experimental study has been performed by using a domestic coal boiler with a capacity of 85000 Kcal / h. The real NOx value has been measured from a flue gas analyzer device. The flame image has been taken by CCD camera from the observation hole on the side of the burner. The data set which is related to instantaneous combustion performance and flame images was recorded simultaneously on the same computer with time stamps once a second. The color flame image has been transformed into a gray scale. Features have been extracted from the gray image of flame. The features are extracted by using the cumulative projection vectors of row and column matrices. ANN regression model has been used as the learning model. The relationship between flame image and NOx emission has been obtained with the accuracy of R = 0.9522. Highly accurate measurement results show that the proposed NOx prediction model can be used in combustion monitor and control systems.

Determination of the parameters of suspended particles of arbitrary shape by optoelectronic method

Data on the parameters of suspended particles are required in the electronic, optical, chemical and mining industries, powder metallurgy, atmospheric physics, medicine, etc. We present the results of determining the parameters of suspended particles of arbitrary shape using a combined optoelectronic approach, including a photoelectric method and a digital method of image processing. The results of both methods were used to correct the particle parameters and operational control of the laser emitter radiation. The operation of an optoelectronic device used to determine the parameters is based on the analysis of particle images in four projections, as well as on the registration of radiation scattered by particles and collected by an elliptical mirror. Spectrometry of the disperse composition of aerosols was carried out using a photomultiplier tube. The images of suspended particles for digital processing were obtained using a CCD array. It is shown that the applied image processing algorithms make it possible to remove noise, correct a background, improve the boundaries, determine the binarization threshold, exclude small particles, select closed areas and boundaries, split the image into the parts and count the number of particles in each of them, determine the parameters and classify the particles. Moreover, it becomes possible to restore the volumetric shape of a suspended particle and display the main characteristics on a digital indicator with an accuracy of 1%, which is significantly better than that of known similar devices. The results obtained can be used to control air pollution and improve the accuracy of identification of suspended particles of arbitrary shape.

Cooperative control method of robot formation movement path based on machine vision

Because the formation path information is not extracted in the process of robot formation motion path cooperative control, the image processing time is long and the effect of avoiding obstacles to reach the target position is poor. Therefore, a robot formation motion path cooperative control method based on machine vision is proposed. Through the design of embedded chip control module, image acquisition module and communication module, the application process of machine vision technology is designed, and the target features in the motion path of robot formation are extracted, including other robot targets and obstacle targets in the formation. Then, the formation path information is extracted based on image preprocessing. On this basis, using the formation form of virtual structure-driver following method, the obstacle avoidance control of robot formation motion path is completed by potential field method. The experimental results show that after using this method, the images of its CCD camera when performing various processing are less than 200 ms. The moving environment image shows that this method has high processing performance for robot formation, and under the control of this method, the formation can change the formation and intelligent robot to avoid obstacles and reach the target position.

Improvement of activity level detection in dynamic speckle patterns with fuzzy logic operators

In this work, the design of a multi-descriptor model is proposed to improve the identification of activity levels in dynamic laser speckle (DLS) image sequences. Fuzzy predicates evaluated with operators of different logic systems were used. The model considers both temporal and spatial effects of the DLS phenomenon. Experiments were carried out to characterize the drying times of a sample painted with water-based paint, illuminated with a coherent light, whose image sequences were captured with a CCD camera. To assess the improvement of the proposed model with respect to single descriptors, the Kruskal–Wallis test and the silhouette index were used. The compensatory logic operators achieved the best results to improve the discrimination of the activity levels, according to the different drying times in the dynamic laser speckle sequences.

Non-Wetting and Non-Reactive Behavior of Liquid Pure Magnesium on Pure Tungsten Substrates.

The wetting behavior of liquid magnesium drop on pure tungsten substrates was investigated, for the first time, with the sessile drop method combined with non-contact heating and capillary purification of a Mg drop from a native oxide film. A specially designed apparatus dedicated to the investigation of the high-temperature interaction of dissimilar materials was used. The comparative experiments were performed under isothermal conditions at temperatures of 700 °C and 740 °C using two atmospheres: Ar + 5 wt.% H2 and pure Ar, respectively. During high-temperature tests for 180 s, the images of the Mg/W couples were recorded with CCD cameras (57 fps) from two directions of observation. The solidified drop/substrate couples were subjected to structural characterization using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Under the applied measurement conditions, liquid Mg revealed non-wetting behavior on W substrates (a contact angle θ > 90°). The average value of the contact angle under the flowing Ar atmosphere at 740 °C was θav = 115°, whereas it was higher under the flowing Ar + 5 wt.%. H2 atmosphere at a lower temperature of 700 °C, showing θav = 122°. Independently on employed atmosphere and temperature, SEM + EDS analysis of solidified sessile drop couples did not display any new phases and mass transfer between the Mg drop and the W substrate, whereas the presence of discontinuities at the Mg/W interface of cross-sectioned couples were well-distinguished. Non-wetting and a lack of permanent bonding between the Mg drop and W substrates have a good agreement with the Mg-W phase diagram calculated with the help of FactSage software and FTlite database, i.e., the non-reactive nature of the Mg/W couple because W does not dissolve in liquid Mg and it does not form any compounds with Mg. These findings allow for the recommendation of tungsten as a suitable refractory material for long-time contact with liquid Mg in different container-assisted methods of materials characterization as well as in liquid-assisted processing of Mg components.

OBSERVATION OF AN OCCULTATION OF THE UCAC4 488-082551 STAR BY ASTEROID (76228) 2000 EH 75 ON 31 MAY 2022

Observations of an occultation of the UCAC4 488-082551 star by asteroid (76228) 2000 EH 75 were carried out on 31 May 2022 at Kryzhanivka observation station of Odesa I. I. Mechnykov National University (the observatory code A85). A set of instruments, which included a Schmidt telescope (the primary mirror diameter D = 271.25 mm; the corrector plate diameter D k = 223.9 mm; the focal length F = 440 mm), a GPS receiver and Videoscan-415-2001 CCD camera, was used to perform observations. The observing conditions were as follows: clear sky, the star’s altitude 49 0 south, the Moon was below the local horizon. The target star from the UCAC4 catalogue (Zacharias et al. 2013) has the following photometric parameters: m B = 14.008; m V = 12.720; m r = 12.284; m i = 11.813. The diameter of the star has not been determined. Asteroid (76228) is a Main Belt asteroid with an orbital period of 4.17178 years. It has an absolute magnitude of 14.93, the visible geometric albedo of 0.123±0.013 and diameter of 5.00±0.23 km (Masiero et al. 2011). The time of occultation predicted using ephemerides was 23:52:44±4 sec. The maximum duration of the occultation was 0.4 sec, provided that the observing site was located at the centre of the occultation track (strip). A drop in the star’s brightness observed during occultation was about 8 m . The occultation event was recorded as a sequence of GIF images with the exposure time of 0.5 sec per frame. The system clock of the computer used for the occultation recording was controlled with a GPS receiver in a fashion similar to that described in the paper by Karbovsky et al. (2017). The data processing yielded an estimate of the occultation duration of 0.46±0.04 sec. The uncertainty of the occultation start time within exposure results in the total estimate of accuracy in timing the maximum phase of occultation 23:52:44.06±0.10 sec. The chord length across the asteroid estimated by timing the occultation is L = 9.2±0.8. This chord length is close to the estimates of the asteroid diameter reported in the paper by Masiero et al. (2011).

Optical image encryption based on two-channel detection and deep learning

Aside from its application to the vulnerability analysis of optical cryptosystems, deep learning (DL) technique can also be used as a potential basis for optical cryptography itself. Here, we report a new optical image encryption scheme based on two-channel detection and DL. The encryption process consists of two-channel signal detection within the optical encryption system where three random binary masks are involved, and the training of a neural network to derive an approximate model. The two optically encoded patterns collected with a pair of CCD cameras are recombined into a single speckle image by using two independent sparse matrices. In the training section, the neural network is trained to find the mapping relationship between the speckle images and their corresponding original objects. Besides the model parameters, the decryption requires the use of the matrix keys, which avoids a situation where the DL-based cryptosystem is designed such that security relies entirely on the trained network itself. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report using a single-wavelength, dual-channel system for diffuse optical encryption. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility and good performance of the proposed scheme.

Characterization and Performance of the 4k×4k CCD Camera Mounted on 104-cm Sampurnanand Telescope

In this paper, we present the instrumental characterization and performance of the 4[Formula: see text]k CCD detector mounted on a 104-cm Sampurnanand telescope located at ARIES, Manora Peak Nainital, India. A detailed description of the filter wheel and its motion is presented. We measured the gain and read-out noise along with the linearity of the detector. Gain estimates are 5–10% higher than manufacturer values. The estimated read-out noise values do not fall within the manufacturer’s range. It is expected that experimentally derived values will be more precise than designed values. It is suggested that the current derived values will be used rather than the designed values. The response to the incident light on the detector is linear to 99% level. To study the performance of a 4[Formula: see text]k CCD camera, we observe an open cluster Czernik 43. The fundamental parameters, i.e. log(age), distance and reddening [Formula: see text] are estimated as 7.9, 2.5[Formula: see text]kpc and 0.65[Formula: see text]mag, respectively. The estimated parameters of the cluster are comparable to the values derived in the literature within the error. Our detailed analysis illustrates that the detector is precise enough to carry out routine astronomical observations.

Application Research of Virtual Simulation System Based on Visual Tightening

In view of the technical risks involved in the design, for development and manufacturing of visual equipment and smart equipment, factors such as long equipment development cycles were analyzed, and a truly reliable method for constructing a virtual simulation system of a virtual robot was proposed. Through the link based on OPC transmission protocol, the mechatronics MCD platform, the TIA platform, XSplit and Halcon were reorganized, and a virtual simulation system for visually guided robots was constructed for the first time in industrial production. In the real physical prototype experiment, it is recommended to eliminate the real and virtual CCD cameras through an online correction to maximize the effect of distortion. Experimental results prove that the virtual simulation system has high reliability and certain industrial promotion value.

Recent developments at the COMET instrument of the SEXTANTS beamline at SOLEIL

The COMET experimental station at SEXTANTS beamline of the SOLEIL synchrotron is dedicated to the coherent imaging of magnetic domains, using holography and ptychography, in a sample environment including magnetic fields up to 0.9 T, temperature range from 30 to 400 K and RF pumping. The 2D-detector capabilities of COMET were recently upgraded by adding to the standard CCD camera two new detectors: a high repetition rate 2D CMOS and a double delay line MCP for time resolved experiments. The three detectors can be interchanged within minutes without breaking the vacuum. The distance between an individual detector and the sample can be varied over a wide range, allowing for a trade-off between pixel size and field of view in the image reconstruction. A reconstructed pixel size of the order of 10 nm has been achieved with the new COMET setup. We report also a comparison between holographic images of magnetic domains obtained for the same sample by using the CMOS and the CCD detectors

Comparison of Gamma Radiation Effects on CCD Cameras Under Different Bias Conditions Using Image Analysis Techniques

In this article, we have investigated gamma radiation effects on two identical CCD cameras under “power on” and “power off” conditions. The cameras were irradiated up to a total ionizing dose of 40 krad at a dose rate of 20 krad/h using a Co-60 gamma source. The images captured at regular intervals with both cameras were analyzed using image quality analysis techniques to evaluate the performance degradation of the cameras with gamma dose. The parameters such as the mean value, mode value, variance, number of bright pixels, peak signal-to-noise ratio, and structural similarity index matrix were calculated from the image data. All statistical parameters showed that for the same gamma dose, the degradation of the camera under the “power on” condition was higher than that of the camera, which was irradiated under the “power off” condition. The image analysis techniques presented in this article could be helpful for assessing the health or useful life of the cameras during operation in nuclear facilities.