Caried Research Articles

In vitro analysis of intraoral digital impression of inlay preparation according to tooth location and cavity type.

Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the influence of tooth location and inlay cavity type on the accuracy of intraoral digital impressions.Methods Class II inlay preparation was performed on anatomical models of the maxillary first molar (16) and mandibular first molar (46). Mesio-occlusal and disto-occlusal cavities were prepared, such that the axial wall of the proximal box measured 1 mm or 2 mm in height. Thus, four types of inlay cavities were prepared in 16 and 46, respectively. Ten digital impressions of each cavity were obtained using Cerec Primescan (Sirona). Reference scans were obtained with a laboratory scanner (E3, 3Shape). All scan data were exported for comparative analysis of the three-dimensional models. Mean absolute deviation values were calculated to evaluate the trueness and precision of the digital models. Color-coded maps were used for the qualitative analysis of deviations.Results The overall results showed that the trueness for 16 (10.43 ± 0.39 μm) was higher than that for 46 (12.42 ± 0.59 μm) (p < 0.05), while the precision was similar between 16 (3.08 ± 0.92 μm) and 46 (3.08 ± 0.76 μm). The cavity type affected the accuracy of the digital impressions. The highest deviation was observed in positive directions at the margins of the proximal boxes regardless of the cavity type.Conclusions Tooth location and cavity type affected the accuracy of intraoral digital impressions. Positive deviations were observed at the margins of the proximal boxes.

Twelve-month evaluation of the atraumatic restorative treatment approach for class III restorations: An interventional study.

BACKGROUNDAtraumatic restorative treatment (ART) may be appropriate for populations without accessibility and affordability. More data are required regarding the success rate of ART in anterior teeth.AIMTo evaluate the clinical performance of restoring class III cavities in anterior teeth of permanent dentition using the ART approach.METHODSA longitudinal interventional field study was carried out at two rural primary health centers, Tumkur district, India. A total of 54 teeth in 39 patients were evaluated for the survival rate of class III restorations in permanent anterior teeth using the ART approach in children and adult populations. Evaluation of ART restoration was carried out using Frencken J criteria, the mean procedure time, patient acceptance and reported pain severity during the ART approach were evaluated using a visual analog scale. Calculation of the cost of ART was also performed.RESULTSThe mean time taken to perform the ART procedure was 14.79 ± 5.8 min with the majority of patients reporting only mild pain. At 6 mo follow-up, 72.2% remained in a good state, but this reduced to 27% at 12 mo. The cumulative survival rate of the restorations was 94.4% at 6 mo and 80.9% at 12 mo follow-up. Estimation of the direct cost for a single class III restoration was 186.50 INR (2.64 USD).CONCLUSIONART may be a good comprehensive option for basic oral health care for underserved or inaccessible populations, and preventive care for patients.

Age estimation of archaeological dogs using pulp cavity closure ratios

This study describes a non-destructive method that can be used to estimate the age of archaeological dog remains involving tooth pulp cavity closure ratios. This technique was first developed in wildlife management and zoology for wild carnivores. For the first time, we develop this technique for dogs by utilizing a modern sample of 751 teeth roots from 106 animals with known life histories. The method involves measuring widths of teeth roots and their pulp cavities by means of X-ray images, and then calculating the ratios of pulp cavity infilling for each tooth. The method is developed for upper and lower canines and the distal and mesial roots of the mandibular M1. Our assessments demonstrate that upper and lower canines are most strongly correlated with age, followed by the mesial and distal roots of the mandibular M1. The method is useful for assigning specimens to relative age categories, and proved most reliable with younger individuals. We illustrate the applicability of the method by analyzing 369 teeth roots from 77 archaeological dogs from the Iron Age Ust’-Polui site in Arctic Siberia. Previously, ageing of the dog remains at this site involved only assessments of dental eruption patterns and long bone epiphysis fusion. The overall age estimation results from Ust’-Polui produced a mortuary profile dominated by juveniles and prime age adults, suggesting a regional preference for dogs of these age groups in sacrifices.

Drug Repurposing in Dentistry: Towards Application of Small Molecules in Dentin Repair

One of the main goals of dentistry is the natural preservation of the tooth structure following damage. This is particularly implicated in deep dental cavities affecting dentin and pulp, where odontoblast survival is jeopardized. This activates pulp stem cells and differentiation of new odontoblast-like cells, accompanied by increased Wnt signaling. Our group has shown that delivery of small molecule inhibitors of GSK3 stimulates Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the tooth cavity with pulp exposure and results in effective promotion of dentin repair. Small molecules are a good therapeutic option due to their ability to pass across cell membranes and reach target. Here, we investigate a range of non-GSK3 target small molecules that are currently used for treatment of various medical conditions based on other kinase inhibitory properties. We analyzed the ability of these drugs to stimulate Wnt signaling activity by off-target inhibition of GSK3. Our results show that a c-Met inhibitor, has the ability to stimulate Wnt/β-catenin pathway in dental pulp cells in vitro at low concentrations. This work is an example of drug repurposing for dentistry and suggests a candidate drug to be tested in vivo for natural dentin repair. This approach bypasses the high level of economical and time investment that are usually required in novel drug discoveries.

A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Surface Quality of Erbium Dental Lasers with Conventional Bur Preparation Followed by the Microleakage Assessment of the Composite and Cerec Cad-Cam Restored Cavities

The surface quality of the prepared tooth strongly contributes to the longevity of the filling material and protection against caries. Restoration failure and development of incipient caries under the restoration are one of the major problems we face in our old dental practice despite our utmost struggle. This problem was never addressed until the introduction of modern technology that revealed the mystery behind the failure. With the new modern laser technology, we can overcome the problem at ease. Dental hard tissue laser prepares the cavities through the process called “Water Mediated Ablation”. It has the advantages over the conventional bur preparation by removing any debris such as smear layer and bacterial colonies within the dentinal tubules. This paper therefore, is a comparative study that examines the surface quality of the teeth cavities prepared with two high-end dental lasers Er: YAG, Er, Cr: YSGG with the conventional handpiece bur. Same settings were used for both hard tissue Er: YAG and Er, Cr: YSGG lasers. The surface quality of prepared cavities was examined under an electron microscope. Restoration is made using the state of the art CEREC Cad-Cam system and conventional nano-composite filling material. Cavities were scored for microleakage after thermocycling and dye penetration test. This penetration test contributes to nearly 10 years of stress in the normal oral environment. The microleakage was then examined under a leica microscope. The surface quality of the cavities prepared with both dental hard tissue lasers was clear of smear layer promising the longevity and durability of the restoration and declining of incipient caries. Convention preparation showed smear layer and obstruction of dentinal tubules preventing the bonding material to penetrate and seal leading to the future development of incipient caries and dislodgements.

MANAGEMENT OF CHRONIC LYMPHADENOPATHY WITH POOR ORAL HYGIENE IN CHILDREN (CASE REPORT)

ABSTRACTBackground. Lymphadenopathy is a common clinical feeding an anomaly in the size and consistency of lymph nodes. Local bacterial infection causes cervical adenopathy when the lymph nodes responded to local infection. Cervical lymphadenopathy is a common problems in pediatric. Lymph node with more than 10 mm diameter is usually considered abnormal. Lymph node enlargement caused by a chronic infection is known as chronic lymphadenopathy. Objectives. Discovery management of chronic lymphadenopathy in children with poor oral hygiene.Case. A 9-year-old boy came to Pediatric Dentistry Specialist Gusti Hasan Aman Dental Hospital with his parents with a complaint of pain in his right tooth posterior mandible for the last week. The patient had received medication, however the pain still existed. Extraoral examination revealed symmetrical face, a node on the middle neck sizing 30 mm in diameter for 4 years. The lump was treated several times with no progress in size. Intraoral examination revealed a cavity in posterior lower left tooth and painful in the last 5 days without any treatment. Plaque score showed poor oral hygiene.Case Management. Based on extraoral examination, the nodule on the neck reduced in size from 30 mm to 7 mm after treatment with antibiotic, anti-inflammatory medication, dental care and control periodic for oral hygiene management. Conclusion. Early detection and accurate lymphadenopathy diagnosis is important for successful therapy. Oral hygiene improvement can help in the healing process of chronic lymphadenopathy which occurred for 4 years. Keyword: Limphadenophaty chronic, Oral hygiene, Staphylococcus aureus

Assessment of Prevalence, Awareness and Practices Regarding Cosmetics Harmful Effects among Saudi Female University Students of Albaha; Saudi Arabia

Introduction: Cosmetics are defined by the Saudi Food and Drug Authority as any material or preparation designed to come into contact with various external body parts (epidermis, hair system, nails, lips, and external genital organs) or with the oral cavity's teeth and mucous membranes for a variety of purposes, such as cleansing, perfuming, altering their appearance and/or keeping them in a good condition.&#x0D; Objectives: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence, level of awareness, and practices regarding cosmetics harmful hazards among Saudi female University Students of Albaha; Saudi Arabia.&#x0D; Methodology: This was a descriptive study intended to assess the prevalence, awareness and practice of Saudi female students of Albaha University. Systematic sampling methods were used to pick from each college, the predetermined sample size was taken, accordingly systematic random sampling was used to recruit 410 female students from medical and none medical colleges. Medical students at the latter level of their study were excluded from the study. Information was gathered using a self-administered questionnaire which was constructed to explore respondents’ awareness and practice toward using cosmetics.&#x0D; Results: A total of 410 respondents were enrolled in the study with a respondent rate of 93.2%, most of the respondents (62.4%) were none medical, and (37.6%) medical students. The prevalence of cosmetics use among our respondents is (97.8%), (82%) of them are between the age of 18 and 20 years and (76.3%) were unmarried. Most of the respondents (77.8%) used cosmetics daily while (20%) used to apply them sometimes or on need. Facial cosmetics, lipstick, and eye make-up as a group is the most commonly used cosmetics (64.9%) followed by skin lightening products (14.4%). 69% have an average level of knowledge concerning cosmetics adverse effects; (23%) have knowledge level and only (8%) having a good level of knowledge. A very significant proportion (37%) had experienced at least one side effect. Irritant contact dermatitis is the most commonly seen adverse effect affecting (38.8%) of the study population; followed by acne (27%) and allergic contact dermatitis (18.4%). Perfumes, deodorants, body lotions and creams by far the most common cosmetics products causing adverse effects (52.4%); followed by Facial cosmetics, lipstick and eye make-up in 143 (34.9%).&#x0D; Conclusion: A high prevalence rate of cosmetic use among Albaha university female students. Unfortunately, only 8% of them have good knowledge about the harmful effects of cosmetics. A very significant proportion was experienced at least one cosmetics-related side effect. This study concludes that cosmetics health-related hazard awareness among our respondents was not satisfactory and therefore needs a special consideration on cosmetic use-related safety concerns through awareness programs to raise their awareness.&#x0D; Recommendation: More researches should be directed to determine levels of knowledge and awareness towards cosmetic usage and its health hazards and safety measures. We recommended that a well-structured health education program should be done including lectures, workshops, campaigns and mass media orientation to increase the awareness level and educate the students about the hazardous effects of commonly used cosmetics.

Impact of proximal cavities and primary molar absence on space in the dental arches.

BackgroundA recently proposed treatment protocol for dental caries in primary teeth, called Ultra Conservative Treatment (UCT), keeps medium to large cavities open so that children can keep them clean with tooth brushing and fluoride toothpaste. However, carious lesions have been related to malocclusion and decrease of space for the eruption of the permanent successor.MethodsThis cross-sectional study evaluated dental casts of 235 schoolchildren, aged 6–7 years old of six public schools in deprived suburban areas, and with at least two cavitated dentin carious lesions. The casts were grouped according to the location of cavitated dentin lesions into non-proximal cavity (NPC), proximal cavity with buccal or lingual surface contact point to adjacent tooth (PCCP) and proximal cavity without contact to adjacent tooth (PCWC), as well as the absence of primary molars due carious lesions (PMA). The relationship between location of cavitated dentin lesions or absence of primary molars with C+D+E and D+E space was analyzed.ResultsChildren with absence of primary molars exhibited the smallest C+D+E and D+E space in the maxilla (P < 0.001) and mandible (P < 0.001), followed by proximal cavity without buccal or lingual surface contact. No significant difference was observed between NPC and PCCP groups in upper and lower arches.DiscussionPCWC are associated with minor (less than the leeway space) C+D+E and D+E space loss in both arches, and additional space loss is noted when primary molars are prematurely lost. These results may have implications for orthodontic and restorative dental care decisions in children.

Emerging Contact-Killing Antibacterial Strategies for Developing Anti-Biofilm Dental Polymeric Restorative Materials.

Polymeric materials are the first choice for restoring tooth cavities, bonding tooth-colored fillings, sealing root canal systems, and many other dental restorative applications. However, polymeric materials are highly susceptible to bacterial attachment and colonization, leading to dental diseases. Many approaches have been investigated to minimize the formation of biofilms over polymeric restorative materials and at the tooth/material interfaces. Among them, contact-killing compounds have shown promising results to inhibit dental biofilms. Contact-killing compounds can be immobilized within the polymer structure, delivering a long-lasting effect with no leaching or release, thus providing advantages compared to release-based materials. This review discusses cutting-edge research on the development of contact-killing compounds in dental restorative materials to target oral pathogens. Contact-killing compounds in resin composite restorations, dental adhesives, root canal sealers, denture-based materials, and crown cements have all demonstrated promising antibacterial properties. Contact-killing restorative materials have been found to effectively inhibit the growth and activities of several oral pathogens related to dental caries, periodontal diseases, endodontic, and fungal infections. Further laboratory optimization and clinical trials using translational models are needed to confirm the clinical applicability of this new generation of contact-killing dental restorative materials.

Removal of Composite Restoration from the Root Surface in the Cervical Region Using Er: YAG Laser and Drill-In Vitro Study.

Background: Recently, the defects of the tooth surface in the cervical region are often restored using composite filling materials. It should meet the needs of the patients regarding esthetics and material stability. The aim of the study was to analyze the tooth root surface at the cervical region after the removal of the composite filling material by means of the Erbium-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er: YAG) laser or drill using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Materials and Methods: For the purposes of this study, 14 premolar teeth (n = 14) were removed due to orthodontic reasons. The rectangular shape cavities with 3 mm in width and 1.5 mm in height were prepared with a 0.8 mm bur on high-speed contra-angle in the tooth surface just below cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and filled with the composite material. The composite material was removed with the Er: YAG laser at a power of 3.4 W, energy 170 mJ, frequency 20 Hz, pulse duration 300 μs, tip diameter 0.8 mm, air/fluid cooling 3 mL/s, and time of irradiation: 6 sec, at a distance from teeth of 2 mm (G1 group, n = 7) or a high-speed contra-angle bur (G2 group, n = 7). After the removal of composite material, the surfaces of teeth were examined using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and fluorescence microscopy. Results: The Er: YAG irradiation allowed to remove completely the composite material from the tooth cavity. The study confirmed, that the ends of collagen fibers were only partially denatured after the Er: YAG laser application. Conclusion: It has been proved that using the Er: YAG laser is an effective and safe method of composite removal for the dentin surface.

Perawatan Komprehensif Geligi Campuran pada Anak Usia 8 Tahun dengan Riwayat Ibu memiliki Celah Bibir – Laporan Kasus

Celah bibir dan langit-langit merupakan celah yang terjadi secara abnormal pada struktur tubuh pada daerah orofasial yang melibatkan bibir, tulang alveolar, palatum keras dan (atau) palatum lunak. Seorang pasien perempuan usia 8 tahun datang ke RSGMP Unjani beserta ibunya dengan keluhan gigi rahang bawah sebelah kiri dan kanan berlubang dan ingin dirawat. Saat dilakukan pemeriksaan intra oral, ditemukan geligi pasien berjejal dengan rahang yang sempit. Diketahui ibu pasien memiliki kelainan celah bibir yang meluas ke tulang alveolar. Rahang pada anak yang dirawat ini tidak ada kelainan celah bibir maupun langit-langit.Pasien dilakukan perawatan komprehensif berupa restorasi amalgam gigi 75 dan pulp capping gigi 85 dengan follow up restorasi stainless steel crown.

ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ ЛЮКСАТОРА «DIRECTA» ДЛЯ ОПЕРАЦІЇ ВИДАЛЕННЯ ЗУБА

В статті представлені дані особливостей та порівняння застосування люк- сатора «Directa» із традиційними інструментами – елеватором та щипцями для виконання операції типового видалення зуба. Результати дослідження показали значні переваги викори- стання люксаторів і, в тому числі, зменшення та відсутність ускладнень під час операції та в післяопераційному періоді, які є причиною запальних процесів альвеоли зуба. У дослідженні запропоновано використання люксатора для підвищення якості та пришвидшення часу про- ведення операції. Висновки в статті представили важливі характеристики застосування люксаторів, як альтернативи традиційним інструментам, що використовується у практиці хірургів-стоматологів.

Assessment of oral health status of tribal students in Nashik district of Maharashtra state

Background: Oral health is a state of well being and is essential to an individual's general health and quality of life. “Tribal” are the indigenous native people living in isolation in natural and unpolluted surroundings with their traditional values, customs and beliefs. The tribal constitute a substantial indigenous minority of the population in India, comprising of 9.01% of the nation's total population. The data on the Oral health status of students residing in tribal Dindori Taluka of Nashik District of Maharashtra State is still unrevealed. Hence, the present study was undertaken with the objective to provide baseline data about oral health status of students from the school and colleges of tribal Talukas from Nashik District of Maharashtra State in India. Aim: To provide baseline data about oral health status of students from the school and colleges of tribal Talukas form Nasik District of Maharashtra State in India. Methodology: The survey was carried out mostly on Second and Fourth Saturday by visiting the schools and Colleges from March 2018 to August 2019. The data was collected by personal examination of each student by using oral diagnostic instruments such as mouth mirror and probe. After visual examination, record of systematic observation and oral hygiene status was noted in participant's observation note. Consent from the principal/headmaster of the concerned college/school was taken, and the survey was done with their prior permission. Results: Out of total 1530 participants, oral hygiene status of 1263 (82.54 %) students was found to be affected while only 267 (17.46%) were found to be healthy. Affected participants were characterised by symptoms of ulcers, sores or tender areas in the mouth, bleeding or swollen gums, pain or toothache, bad breathing, calculus, pain with chewing or biting cracked or broken teeth and loss of attachment. Affected participants were characterised by symptoms of ulcers, sores or tender areas in the mouth, bleeding or swollen gums, pain or toothache due to dental caries, bad breathing, calculus, stain, pain with chewing or biting, cracked or broken teeth, loss of attachment and dental caries and facets. Affected participants required dental treatment like restoration of cavities in deciduous and/or permanent teeth, root canal treatment of permanent teeth, pulpotomy or pulpectomy of deciduous teeth, scaling, extraction of non restorable teeth and extraction of over retained deciduous teeth. Conclusion: Tribal students of dindori taluka in nashik district of maharashtra state were characterized by the lack of awareness about oral health, periodontal disease, dental caries and lack of dental care, high treatment needs and limited access to oral health services. Hence it is recommended to focus on improving the oral health status and treatment needs of this tribal students.

The effectivity of cavity cleanser chlorhexidinegluconate 2% and saponin 0.78% of mangoosteen peel

Background. Use of cavity cleanser is important before restoration the teeth to clean debris, residue of prepared dentine, blood, bacteria, collagen denaturized by teeth preparation. Nowadays, the cavity cleanser that people used still having shortcoming, one of which is the lack of ability to clean the root canal of the smear layer. Purpose. The purpose of this study examines the difference of cavity cleaner between saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.) and chlorhexidinegluconate 2%. Method. Eighteen upper first premolar divided into 3 groups, each of them consist three tooth. Forming the preparation tooth cavity then group 1 using aquadest for control group, group 2 using chlorhexidinegluconate 2%, and group 3 using saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.). For rating cleanliness of the tooth cavity using a scale of cleanliness conducted under Scanning Electron Microscope. Result. There was a significant difference (p &lt; 0.05) in One-Way ANOVA parametric test andpos hoc test between chlorhexidinegluconate 2 % and saponin of mangoosteen peel to the cleanliness of the tooth cavity. Conclusion.According to the result of the study, it can be concluded that saponin of mangoosteen peel (GarciniaMangostana L.) less effective for cleaning the tooth cavity than chlorhexidinegluconate 2%.

Cloning and characterization of alpha-amylase from a clinical isolate of staphylococcus aureus resistant to vancomycin

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is one of the prominent gram positive human pathogen secretes many surface and secretary proteins including various enzymes and pathogenic factors that favour the colonization and infection of host tissue. Alpha-amylase is one of the enzymes secreted by S.aureus which catalyses the breakdown of complex sugars to monosaccharides, which are required for colonization and survival of this pathogen. In the present study we have cloned, sequenced, expressed and characterized α-amylase from the clinical isolate of S.aureus resistant to vancomycin (VRSA). The 25kb plasma DNA was isolated from the clinical isolate of S.aureus and a 600bp PCR amplified product was obtained. The SDS-PAGE analysis of induced and un-induced clone SB3 indicates that α-amylase has a M.W. of 22KD. The rα-amylase was eluted from the gel and enzymes assay was performed. The Km was found to be close to Km of native α-amylase identified in the extracellular and in the cytosolic fraction of S.aureus resistant to vancomycin. The current study clearly indicate that there is clear distinction between the α-amylase of human and different prokaryotes, particularly S.aureus which made this enzyme an ideal target in the development of drugs against infections of tooth and oral cavities.

Effect of Pretreatment and Activation Mode on the Interfacial Adaptation of Nanoceramic Resin Inlay and Self-adhesive Resin Cement

ObjectivesThe first objective of this study was to determine if the luting material used for resin nanoceramic inlay affects interfacial adaptation. The second was to investigate whether pretreatment and the adhesive curing method before cementation affects interfacial adaptation. The final objective was to compare activation modes of luting material. MethodsClass I cavities were prepared on extracted human third molars. Resin nanoceramic inlays were fabricated using Lava Ultimate CAD/CAM block (3 M). For the control groups, inlays were cemented using Panavia V5 (Kuraray Noritake). For the experimental groups, teeth were randomly divided into five experimental groups with four subgroups using different self-adhesive cements (SACs). Cement in Group I was dual-cured without pretreatment. In Group II, the cement was dual-cured after polyacrylic acid treatment of the tooth cavity. In Groups III and IV, the cement was dual-cured after universal dentin adhesive treatment with pre-cure and co-cure methods. In Group V, the inlay was cemented in self-cure mode. After thermocycling, interfacial adaptation at the inlay-tooth interface was measured using swept-source optical coherence tomography (SS-OCT) imaging. Finally, polymerization shrinkage strain of the luting material was measured and compared. ResultsInterfacial adaptation differed depending on the luting material. After application of a universal adhesive, some subgroups showed improved interfacial adaptation. Interfacial adaptation and polymerization shrinkage strain differed significantly depending on activation mode. SignificanceInterfacial adaptation for a resin nanoceramic inlay can differ according to the type of SAC and activation mode. For some SACs, application of a universal adhesive before cementation improves interfacial adaptation.

Pre-application of dentin bonding agent prevents discoloration caused by mineral trioxide aggregate

BackgroundTo evaluate tooth discoloration by newly developed calcium silicate-based materials, and to examine the pre-application of dentin bonding agent (DBA) for preventing discoloration caused by mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA).MethodsThe roots of 50 premolars were randomly divided into five groups (n = 10) and cavities were prepared from resected root surfaces. MTA was placed in the cavities of teeth belonging to the ProRoot MTA (MTA) and RetroMTA (RMTA) groups. For teeth belonging to the ProRoot + DBA (MTA-B) and RetroMTA + DBA (RMTA-B) groups, DBA was first applied to the cavities prior to the addition of MTA. Teeth in the control group were restored with composite resin only (i.e., without MTA). After 12 weeks, MTA was removed from the MTA and RMTA groups and bleaching agents were applied for 3 additional weeks. Color assessments were recorded at baseline, and 1, 4, and 12 weeks, as well as after bleaching. A one-way ANOVA was performed to assess the differences between the two types of MTAs and color changes following DBA pre-application in each MTA group. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered indicative of statistical significance.ResultsFollowing 12 weeks of MTA treatment, there was a significant difference between the discoloration in the MTA and RMTA groups (p < 0.05). However, no significant difference was observed between the RMTA and RMTA-B groups (p > 0.05). Following bleaching, the color changes (ΔE values) of the MTA group were not significantly different from those of the MTA-B group (p > 0.05). The difference of ΔE between the RMTA group after internal bleaching and the RMTA-B group was also not significant (p > 0.05).ConclusionsRetroMTA caused significantly less discoloration than ProRoot MTA. Pre-application of DBA reduced discoloration caused by ProRoot MTA. MTA discoloration was improved equally well between DBA pre-application and post-bleaching.

Thecodont tooth attachment and replacement in bolosaurid parareptiles.

Permian bolosaurid parareptiles are well-known for having complex tooth crowns and complete tooth rows in the jaws, in contrast to the comparatively simple teeth and frequent replacement gaps in all other Paleozoic amniotes. Analysis of the specialized dentition of the bolosaurid parareptiles Bolosaurus from North America and Belebey from Russia, utilizing a combination of histological and tomographic data, reveals unusual patterns of tooth development and replacement. The data confirm that bolosaurid teeth have thecodont implantation with deep roots, the oldest known such example among amniotes, and independently evolved among much younger archosauromorphs (including dinosaurs and crocodilians) and among synapsids (including mammals). High-resolution CT scans were able to detect the density boundary between the alveolar bone and the jawbone, as confirmed by histology, and revealed the location and size of developing replacement teeth in the pulp cavity of functional teeth. Evidence provided by the paratype dentary of Belebey chengi indicates that replacement teeth are present along the whole tooth row at slightly different stages of development, with the ontogenetically more developed teeth anteriorly, suggesting that tooth replacement was highly synchronized. CT data also show tooth replacement is directly related to the presence of lingual pits in the jaw, and that migration of tooth buds occurs initially close to these resorption pits to a position immediately below the functional tooth within its pulp cavity. The size and complex shape of the replacement teeth in the holotype of Bolosaurus grandis indicate that the replacement teeth can develop within the pulp cavity to an advanced stage while the previous generation remains functional for an extended time, reminiscent of the condition seen in other amniotes with occluding dentitions, including mammals.

Diagnosis and treatment of internal resorption of teeth: a review of literature and clinical case

Internal resorption is a separate category of diseases of hard tissues of teeth, characterized by the loss of dentine as a result of activation and activity of osteoclasts. The article discuss issues concerning etiology, the prevalence of internal resorption, its diagnosis, emphasise the contribution of computed tomography in the diagnosis and prediction of treatment success, clinical decisions and therapeutic treatment of this disease. Describe modern endodontic treatment methods, including the use of magnification, ultrasound in endodontic treatment, the use of certain materials for temporary and permanent root canal filling. Under these conditions, the prognosis of conservative treatment of internal resorption of dental hard tissues is improved, even if there is a perforation of the walls of the tooth cavity.

Clinical performance of clinical-visual examination, digital bitewing radiography, laser fluorescence, and near-infrared light transillumination for detection of non-cavitated proximal enamel and dentin caries.

The aim of this study was to compare the clinical performance of clinical-visual examination using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II, digital bitewing radiography, near-infrared light transillumination (NIR-LT), and laser fluorescence (LF) for the detection of non-cavitated proximal enamel and dentin caries. The study included 335 patients, aged 12-18years, with no cavities in the posterior teeth. Clinical-visual inspections of 335 non-cavitated proximal caries were performed by two examiners. For enamel caries, clinical validation included a combination of clinical-visual and digital bitewing radiography assessments. For dentin caries, the clinical validation was opening the cavity. The accuracy rate, sensitivity, specificity, predictive values, and areas under receiver operating characteristic curves were determined. The agreement between the examiners' measurements was calculated using the kappa coefficient. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of the methods were compared using the McNemar test. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Digital bitewing radiography had the highest sensitivity (0.96) and accuracy (0.96), and LF had the lowest sensitivity (0.38) and accuracy (0.39). After separation of the lesions into enamel and dentin caries, clinical-visual examination had the highest sensitivity (0.98) and accuracy (0.98) for enamel caries, while digital bitewing radiography had the highest sensitivity (0.97) and accuracy (0.97) for dentin caries. The NIR-LT method had a higher sensitivity for enamel caries (0.86). Each method also differed significantly from the others (p < 0.001). Digital bitewing radiography gave the best prediction of proximal enamel and dentin caries. NIR-LT showed good potential for detection of proximal caries.