Cavity Disinfectants Research Articles

Influence of different cavity disinfectants on composite adhesion to dentin of primary teeth: an in vitro study

Influence of different cavity disinfectants on composite adhesion to dentin of primary teeth: an in vitro study

Potential of Erythrosine-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy as a Cavity Disinfectant: Antibacterial Efficacy and Bonding Ability

This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial efficacy of erythrosine-mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) against <i>Streptococcus mutans</i> (<i>S. mutans</i>) in dentin and its effect on the shear bond strength (SBS) of composite resin to dentin. Eighty extracted human noncarious premolars were used in this study. Forty teeth were used for the antibacterial activity test, while the remaining 40 were used for the SBS test. Both experiments were conducted with 4 experimental groups (n = 10): control (distilled water), sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl, 6%), chlorhexidine (CHX, 0.12%), and erythrosine-mediated PDT. Antibacterial effects were evaluated by counting <i>S. mutans</i> colony-forming units (CFUs). The SBS of composite resins to dentin was measured using a universal testing machine. All treatments (NaOCl, CHX, and PDT) demonstrated statistically significant differences in antibacterial activity compared with the control group (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The antibacterial effects were ranked from strongest to weakest as follows: NaOCl, PDT, and CHX. In the SBS test, the NaOCl group exhibited a statistically significant difference compared with the CHX, PDT, and control groups (<i>p</i> < 0.05), with the lowest bond strength. No statistically significant differences were found among the CHX, PDT, and control groups (<i>p</i> > 0.05). Erythrosine-mediated PDT exhibited significant antibacterial effects against <i>S. mutans</i>, with higher antibacterial activity than CHX but lower than NaOCl. Only NaOCl negatively affected the bond strength of composite resin to dentin. In conclusion, erythrosine-mediated PDT shows potential as a cavity disinfectant due to its significant antibacterial effects against <i>S. mutans</i> and lack of adverse effects on bond strength.

Novel Cavity Disinfectants and Their Effects: A Review

Novel Cavity Disinfectants and Their Effects: A Review

Effect of nonthermal atmospheric plasma application at different time intervals on the dentinal shear bond strength pretreated with 2% chlorhexidine as cavity disinfectant: An in vitro study.

Effective use of nonthermal atmospheric plasma (NTAP) to strengthen adhesive-dentin interfacial bonding while disinfecting with chlorhexidine (CHX). NTAP application at different time intervals on the dentinal shear bond strength (SBS) after pretreatment with 2% CHX as a cavity disinfectant. The design of the study was an in vitro study. Forty permanent mandibular teeth were collected (n = 40) and the occlusal surfaces were flattened. For, all the specimens 37% phosphoric acid etching was done followed by pretreatment with 2% CHX as cavity disinfectant for 5 s. According to the surface treatment, divided into four groups of n = 10. Group I (Control): No NTAP pretreatment was done. Group II: NTAP pretreatment done for 15 s. Group III: NTAP pretreatment done for 30 s. Group IV: NTAP pretreatment done for 45 s. Later, all the specimens were treated with a bonding agent, incremental build-up of composite resin on the dentin surface was done and evaluation of SBS was done. Analyzed using One-way analysis of variance with a post hoc Tukey's test (P < 0.05). Two percent CHX pretreatment as cavity disinfectant followed by NTAP application for 30 s (Group III) exhibited greater values compared to the control group (Group I). Two percent CHX pretreatment as cavity disinfectant followed by NTAP pretreatment for 30 s was found to exhibit better bond strength values compared to 15 s as well as 45 s.

Cavity Disinfection with Natural Agents and their Efficacy: A Review on Recent Literature

Abstract: The success of a dental restoration can be altered by the amount of residual bacteria present under the cavity which over time cause deterioration of adhesive cement by microleakage or secondary caries. Cavity disinfectant application on the cavity walls performs a cleansing action to decrease the bacterial load and improve the longevity of restorations. Although a wide variety of such chemical disinfectants have been in use, their cytotoxic effects have led to the increasing popularity of natural agents. These materials possess antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, which effectively disinfect cavity walls while, at the same time, being cheaper, less toxic, and more patient-friendly. : Some of these agents have also been proven to improve the bond strength of resin to dentin by preventing collagen degradation and MMP inhibition. Propolis, aloe vera, chitosan, green tea, liquorice etc., are derived from parts of plants or animals and have been tested to be efficacious and, in some cases, superior to chemical alternatives without any erosive effect on dentin. : Although there is a lack of enough In vivo evidence to advocate the use of these products as an adjunct in dental therapy, recent studies have yielded promising results, which increases the scope for future clinical research. This review aims to highlight the properties and effectiveness of a few of such natural agents as potential cavity disinfectants.

Phycocyanin-loaded silver nanoparticles activated with photodynamic therapy and Nd: YAG laser for caries-affected dentin disinfection: Impact on Streptococcus mutans survival rate and shear bond strength to the tooth-colored restorative material

AimsTo assess the impact of various cavity disinfectants PC-PDT (Phycocyanin activated by Photodynamic therapy), PC@AgNPs-PDT (Phycocyanin and silver nanoparticles activated by PDT), and Nd: YAG laser on the survival rate of S.mutans and the bond integrity of composite restoration MethodsSixty human mandibular molars that scored 4 and 5 based on ICDAS criteria were included. The infected dentin was removed while the CAD was preserved based on visual, tactile, and staining assessment. S.mutans were cultured on the CAD of twenty samples. All the specimens were indiscriminately distributed into four groups based on cavity disinfection (n=20 each includes n = 5 each group incubated with S.mutans) Group 1: CHX, Group 2: Nd:YAG laser, Group 3: PC-PDT and Group 4: PC@AgNPs-PDT. S.mutans survival rate was assessed for each group(n = 5). Forty samples underwent composite bonding for SBS and failure mode assessment using universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope. The calculations for the mean and standard deviation (SD) and their comparison among different groups were performed using a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey post hoc test (p ≤ 0.05) ResultsCAD surface treated disinfected with PC@AgNPs-PDT yielded the lowest survival rates (0.13 ± 0.05 CFU/ml) and highest SBS (17.23 ± 1.45 MPa). Group 1 (CHX) unveiled the highest survival rate of S.mutans (0.33 ± 0.12 CFU/ml). However, Group 2 (Nd:YAG Laser) (11.87 ± 0.67 MPa) presented the lowest SBS ConclusionThe combination of Phycocyanin loaded with silver nanoparticles and activated with Photodynamic therapy demonstrates the highest antimicrobial potential and bond strength of composite restorations.

Antimicrobial Efficacy of Tubulicid Red as a Cavity Disinfectant in Comparison with Chlor-X Gel against S. mutans in Primary Teeth: Randomised Split-mouth Clinical Study

Introduction: Microorganisms act as precursors to dental caries. Following cavity preparation, traces of resident bacteria in the smear layer may contribute to the recurrence of caries. Thus, eliminating the underlying causes improves the likelihood of treatment success. Disinfectants are adjuvant tools that should focus on removing microorganisms when combined with procedures that yield positive outcomes. Aim: To compare and evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Tubulicid Red (TR) Label as a cavity disinfectant with Chlor X gel (2% chlorhexidine) in primary teeth. Materials and Methods: The present randomised double-blind clinical trial was conducted at the Department of Paediatric and Preventive Dentistry, GSL Dental College and Hospital, YSRUHS, Rajahmundry, Andhra Pradesh, India from September 2021 to April 2022. The study assessed the antimicrobial efficacy of TR label against S. mutans in 60 primary carious teeth involving 1/3rd of the dentin. The teeth were divided into two groups, each consisting of 30 teeth. Group-I received TR Label, while Group-II received Chlor X. After excavating the infected dentine, the affected dentine was left in the cavity, and a dentinal sample was collected from the base of the cavity. The cavity was then disinfected with either TR or Chlor X gel, followed by rinsing with saline. A second sample was collected from the base of the same cavity. The collected samples were transferred to Eppendorf tubes and subjected to microbiological analysis to calculate the number of Colony-forming Units (CFU) of S. mutans on Mutans Sanguis (MS) agar medium. The obtained data were subjected to statistical analysis using the Wilcoxon’s’s signedrank test and Mann-Whitney test. Results: In the intragroup comparison (Wilcoxon’s signedrank test), both groups showed significant reductions in S. mutans count (p&lt;0.001). The intergroup comparison showed no statistically significant difference (p&gt;0.05) between the Tubulicid and Chlor X groups at baseline and post-treatment. Conclusion: The TR could be used as an alternative to Chlor X gel as a cavity disinfectant in primary teeth before restoration, potentially reducing the occurrence of secondary caries.

Antibacterial effect of ozone versus chlorhexidine gel for disinfection of cavitated carious lesions in young permanent teeth

Purpose The study was directed to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ozone versus chlorhexidine gel for disinfection of cavitated carious lesions in young permanent teeth. Patients and methods Forty young permanent molars out of 20 children were allocated into two groups in a randomized technique according to the material used for cavity disinfection either ozone or chlorhexidine gel. Each child had two bilateral vital cavitated class I carious lesions in young permanent first molars. Dentin samples from deep caries lesions were collected before additionally after application of either ozone or chlorhexidine gel and cultured into freshly prepared appropriate media for microbiological examination. Results There were statistically significant decrease in both Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus bacterial count after application of either ozone or chlorhexidine gel in both groups. Conclusion Application of ozone or chlorhexidine gel as cavity disinfectant in deep carious lesions after incomplete dentin caries removal provide an obvious antibacterial effect reducing S. mutans and Lactobacillus counts.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДИАГНОСТИКИ И ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ РЕЦИДИВ-НОГО ЭХИНОКОККОЗА ПЕЧЕНИ

The article presents the results of the use of immunological and instrumental diagnostic methods, as well as surgical treatment in 92 patients with recurrent liver echinococcosis. Postop-erative complications were detected in 15 (16.1%) patients, postoperative lethality was observed in 1 (1.07%) cases. As a result of the analysis of the study of immunological tests, it was shown that immunochemiluminescence (ICL) and enzyme immunoassay (ELISA) is a highly informa-tive test for the diagnosis of recurrent echinococcosis. The effectiveness of surgical treatment of recurrent echinococcosis is directly dependent on the choice of access, indications for various methods of operations, methods of disinfection and complete elimination of the residual cavity of the fibrous capsule

Application effect of PDCA circulation on nursing quality management and risk control in digestive endoscopy room.

To explore the application effect of plan, do, check, action (PDCA) cycle on nursing quality management and risk control in digestive endoscope room. Ninety patients who received digestive endoscopy care before undergoing PDCA circulation mode risk control from January 2022 to April 2022 were selected as the Common group. From May 2022 to December 2022, 156 patients who underwent digestive endoscopy care after undergoing PDCA cycle mode risk control were selected as the PDCA group. Compare the infection status of patients in the endoscope room and the qualification of the air in the endoscope room before and after PDCA circulation management. Compare the respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and nursing satisfaction of patients in the Common group and the PDCA group. Compare the qualified rate of endoscopic cavity disinfection before and after PDCA cycle management, the qualified rate of endoscopic external disinfection, and the management score. Four patients in the Common group developed infection, with an infection rate of 4.44%. One case of infection occurred in the PDCA group, with an infection rate of 0.64%. The qualified rate of the endoscope room air in the Common group was 92.22%, while the qualified rate of the endoscope room air in the PDCA group was 98.72%. Compared with the Common group, the infection rate of patients in the PDCA group significantly decreased, and the qualified rate of air in the endoscope room significantly increased. The respiratory rate, heart rate, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, nursing errors, and nursing complaint rates of patients in the PDCA group were significantly lower than those in the Common group, and nursing satisfaction was significantly higher than those in the Common group. The qualified rate of endoscopic cavity disinfection and endoscopic external disinfection in the PDCA group were significantly higher than those in the Common group. Compared with before management, the scores of post management, nursing safety, disinfection and isolation, instruments, theoretical tests, and operational tests of nursing personnel after management increased significantly. The PDCA cycle is well applied in nursing quality management and risk control in the digestive endoscope room.

Cone beam computed tomographic assessment of radiographic changes after indirect pulp capping using diode lasers and silver diamine fluoride in permanent molars with deep carious lesions

Aim: To compare the preservation of pulp vitality by indirect pulp capping using Diode laser and Silver Diamine Flouride in management of deep carious lesions. Methods: Thirty patients with an age range of 18-46 years were selected and randomly divided into 3 equal groups: Group 1 (Control group): indirect pulp capping was performed using Biodentine, Group 2: Diode laser with an output power of 0.5 watt was applied before Biodentine placement, and Group 3: Application of Silver Diamine Flouride followed by Biodentine. Pre-operative clinical assessment and radiographs were performed before intervention and then the patients received their treatment and final restorations. Follow-up with clinical assessments was performed after 3 and 6 months. Cone beam computed tomography was performed at the day of intervention and after 6 months. Clinical and Radiographic data were collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed to compare between the success rates of indirect pulp capping using diode laser, Silver Diamine Flouride and Biodentine in management of deep carious lesions. Results: The results of clinical assessment for all groups have shown success rate of 100%. The remaining dentin thickness was significantly increased in all study groups after application of intervention. Also, the remaining dentin density showed significant increase in all groups, where Diode laser application with an output power of 0.5 watt group was significantly higher than the control group, with no significant difference between other groups. Conclusions: Within the limitations of the current study, the following can be concluded: 1. Using Biodentine in indirect pulp capping is the treatment of choice in management of deep carious lesions. 2. Silver Diamine Flouride can be used as an alternative indirect pulp capping material. 3. Diode laser can show promising results in terms of Cavity Disinfection &amp; can have better biomodulating outcomes on the pulpal tissue healing and repair.

Comparative evaluation on the effect of different cavity disinfectant nano gels; Chlorohexidine, Propolis, Liquorice versus Diode Laser in terms of composite microleakage (comparative in vitro study)

IntroductionThe application of different cavity disinfectants is an essential step that eliminates bacteria after cavity preparation. However, some of these materials may affect restoration sealing ability.AimThis study aimed to assess the degree of microleakage at the tooth restoration interface after using different nano prepared cavity disinfectants versus Diode Laser.Materials and methodsThree disinfectants were prepared on the nanoscale; Propolis, Liquorice and Chlorhexidine. A total of 40 extracted premolars with standard class V cavities were prepared on the facial surface. Teeth were divided into five groups according to the applied cavity disinfection protocol; no treatment, Chloehexidine, Propolis, Liquorice, and Diode Laser. After application of composite resin restoration, all teeth were subjected to thermocycling, afterwords the degree of microleakage was measured in micrometers. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Bonferroni’s and Tukey’s post hoc test.ResultsThe highest mean microlekage value was recorded in no treatment group, followed by Liquorice, Propolis. While Diode Laser group showed the lowest degree of microleakage.ConclusionDiode Laser cavity disinfectant has no negative effect on the restoration sealing ability. Nano prepared Propolis showed comparative results to nanoChloehexidine as both had low degree of microleakage.

Effect of Er, Cr: YSGG, Nd: YAG, and diode laser against different photosensitizers on tensile and shear bond strength of bonded composite to caries affected dentin.

This study aimed to assess the impact of various cavity disinfection methods on the adhesive bond integrity of composite resin to caries-affected dentin (CAD). Additionally, it will evaluate the micro tensile bond strength (µTBS) of different dentin substrates [CAD and sound dentin (SD)] using various adhesive agents. The sample consisted of twenty human mandibular molars with sound dentin (SD) and eighty with CAD. All samples were positioned in a group of polyvinyl pipes with an internal diameter of 3 mm and were positioned perpendicularly up against the cementoenamel junction (CEJ). A total of 60 CAD samples (n=10) were used for shear bond strength (SBS) testing. CAD samples were disinfected with erbium chromium-doped yttrium, scandium, gallium and garnet (Er, Cr: YSGG) laser in group 1, Diode laser in group 2, neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd: YAG) laser in group 3, riboflavin in group 4, curcumin in group 5, and chlorhexidine in group 6. Sixty CAD samples were treated with Scotchbond™ Etchant and Scotchbond™ multi-purpose primer and bonded with composite for SBS testing. On the twenty remaining CAD samples that did not undergo any type of disinfection, as well as the twenty samples that had sound dentin (SD), two different types of adhesive systems were used for micro tensile testing. For ten of each CAD and SD sample, 3c™ Adper™ Scotchbond™ multi-purpose adhesive was applied to the dentin surfaces. For the remaining ten CAD and SD samples, the All-Bond 2 adhesive system was used. The samples were prepared for µTBS testing. In all specimens, bond failure was assessed using a stereomicroscope. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) tests were used to compare the means of multiple groups, at a significance level of p<0.05. CAD disinfected with chlorhexidine (CHX) (17.19±1.02 MPa) exhibited the highest SBS values. Samples in group 5 disinfected with curcumin activated by photodynamic therapy (PDT) showed the lowest SBS (12.49±1.11 MPa). Scotchbond adhesive displayed comparable µTBS (p>0.05) when applied on CAD and SD. Moreover, All-Bond 2 adhesive, when applied on CAD, exhibited µTBS significantly lower than All-Bond 2 adhesive on SD (p<0.05). Analysis of debonded CAD surface after SBS showed that a cohesive type of failure was dominant in different experimental groups, followed by adhesive CONCLUSIONS: CAD disinfection with Er:Cr: YSGG, Diode Laser, and Riboflavin activated by photodynamic therapy have the potential to be used as an alternative to CHX for acceptable shear bond strength. The use of Adper™ Scotchbond™ multi-purpose adhesive on CAD and SD did not significantly compromise µTBS.

Toxicity evaluation of indocyanine green mediated photodynamic therapy

BackgroundThe aim of the study is to determine the cytotoxic, genotoxic and inflammatory effects of indocyanine green (ICG) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) in direct contact with L-929 mouse fibroblast cells and over a dentin barrier. MethodsEight groups were evaluated; control (C), group with a dentin barrier (D), ICG applied directly on the cells (ICG), ICG applied over a dentin barrier (D-ICG), only laser applied (L), laser applied over a dentin barrier (D-L), ICG and laser applied directly on the cells (ICG-L), ICG and laser applied over a dentin barrier (D-ICG-L). Cell viability was evaluated via ATP Assay, DNA damage was evaluated via Comet Assay, and inflammatory markers IL-1β and TNF-α were assessed via ELISA test. ResultsCell viability decreased in group ICG (p<0.001). Cell viability decrease was higher in Group ICG-L (p<0.001). Cell viability decrease was lower in group D-ICG-L (p>0.05). Group L caused an increase in cell number (p<0.001). DNA damage was observed in ICG, D-ICG, and ICG-L groups (p<0.05). None of the groups displayed an increase of inflammatory markers IL-1β and TNF-α (p>0.05). ConclusionsThe presence of dentin between ICG and cells acted as a barrier and protected the cells. ICG-mediated PDT did not cause any cytotoxic, genotoxic or inflammatory effect. The use of ICG-mediated PDT for cavity disinfection is acceptable, but at this concentration its use in periodontal pocket disinfection is not recommended due to its cytotoxic and genotoxic properties.

Caries affected disinfection using Phycocyanin activated by PDT, Holy Basil, and Ti-sapphire laser on adhesive bond strength, microleakage, and bond failure

AIMTo investigate the effect of different cavity disinfectants, Phycocyanin (PC), Ocimum Sanctum (OS), and Ti Sapphire Laser, on the bond integrity and microleakage of resin restorations. Material and method60 human mandibular molars were extracted and prepared based on ICDAS scores of 4 and 5. To obtain the CAD surface, a visual examination was supported by tactile sensation and a dye for caries detection. Samples were randomly allocated into 4 groups based on cavity disinfectants applied (n = 15). Group 1: Specimens disinfected with CHX, Group 2: Specimens disinfected with Ti sapphire laser, Group 3: Specimens disinfected with Phycocyanin activated by Photodynamic therapy, and Group 4: Specimens disinfected with OS. Following the disinfection of the CAD surfaces, composite bulk-fill restorative material was bonded to each specimen and all samples were subjected to thermocycling. Ten samples from each group underwent SBS testing performed on a universal testing machine. Five samples were subjected to a microleakage analysis. ResultThe maximum microleakage scores were displayed by Group 3: PC (0.521 nm) treated specimens. Whereas, and minimum microleakage was exhibited by Group 4: OS (0.471 nm). Group 4: OS (23.06±0.21 MPa) treated group displayed the maximum bond scores of resin adhesive to the CAD surface. However, Group 3: PC (21.67±0.24 MPa) treated specimens exhibited the lowest bond scores. Failure mode analysis revealed that among all the investigated groups the predominant type of failure was cohesive failure i.e., Group 1 (80%), Group 2 (80%), Group 3 (70%), and Group 4 (90%). ConclusionOcimum Sanctum, Phycocyanin activated by Photodynamic therapy, and Ti-sapphire laser for disinfection of caries-affected dentin have shown promise in terms of improved bond strength and reduced microleakage

Artificial Ageing and Disinfection of Caries Affected Dentin on the Bond Integrity and Failure Analysis of Ion-Releasing Restorative Material

Aim: This study examines the SBS of resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) on caries-affected dentin after using several cavity disinfectants (ICG activated by PDT, Pr, and SDF). Method: 40 CAD based on ICDAS criteria 3 and 4 teeth were chosen. Teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). Samples in Groups 1–4 were disinfected with chlorhexidine (CHX), indocyanine green (ICG), Propolis (Pr), and 38% silver diamine fluoride (SDF), respectively. Disinfected samples were bound to RMGIC and aged. SBS was evaluated using the universal testing machine. Stereomicroscope was used to assess bond failure. To compare many groups the Tukey’s Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) test was used. ANOVA was used to compare groups using mean values and standard deviations. Results: CHX-disinfected and RMGIC-bonded CAD had the highest bond values. Group 4 SDF-disinfected and RMGIC-bonded specimens had the lowest bond values. Group 1 samples disinfected with CHX and bonded with RMGIC had the highest bond integrity (p &lt; 0.05) compared to other treatments. Conclusion: Chlorhexidine is the best disinfectant for caries-affected dentin before bonding with resin-modified glass ionomer cement.

Micro Tensile bond strength and microleakage assessment of total-etch and self-etch adhesive bonded to carious affected dentin disinfected with Chlorhexidine, Curcumin, and Malachite green

Assessment of micro tensile bond strength (microTBS) and micro-leakage scores of total-etch adhesive (TAE) and self-etch adhesive (SAE) bonded to carious affected dentin (CAD) sterilized using different cavity disinfectant (curcumin photosensitizer (CP) and malachite green (MG) and Chlorhexidine (CHX) in comparison to no disinfection (ND) control group. One hundred and twenty human molars having International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) scores of 4 and 5 were included. Visual inspection, dental explorer hardness testing, and caries detector solution using 5% basic Fuchsin dye solution was applied to dentin to identify the CAD surface. All the specimens were divided into four groups (n = 30) according to the cavity disinfectants used. Group A: 2% CHX, Group B: CP, Group C: MG, and Group D: ND. Each group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 15) based on the adhesion protocol. Groups A1, B1, C1, and D1 were held using TEA, and groups A2, B2, C2, and D2 were adhered using SEA system. The composite material was then built in 2 mm increments and then cured with light. MicroTBS and failure mode assessment using a universal testing machine (UTM) and stereomicroscope at a 40X magnification was performed on 10 samples from each subgroup. The microleakage assessment was performed using a dye penetration test on five samples from each group. ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc tests were used to compare means and standard deviation (SD) of bond strength and microleakage (p < 0.05). RESULTS The maximum microTBS was displayed by A1= CHX and TEA (13.28± 1.01 MPa). The lowest bond scores were demonstrated by C2= MG and SEA (5.98±0.44 MPa). The highest micro-leakage was exhibited by C1= MG and TEA (58.32 ± 2.11 nm). Whereas, the lowest micro-leakage values were displayed by A2= CHX and SEA (24.34± 1.11 nm). Chlorohexidiene displayed better bond strength and the lowest microleakage scores with Total-etch adhesive and Self-etch adhesives when used as a cavity disinfectant. Total-etch adhesives performed better in terms of microTBS scores whereas self-etch adhesives displayed superior seal ability within the same disinfectant group.

Efficacy of methylene blue and curcumin mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in the treatment of indirect pulp capping in permanent molar teeth

PurposeThis study aimed to evaluate the adhesive bond strength and antibacterial efficacy of methylene blue (MB)-mediated antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and curcumin (CUR)-mediated aPDT versus the conventional disinfectants, such as chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) gel and sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), for indirect pulp capping (IPC) treatment of permanent molars. MethodsOne Hundred grossly carious human permanent molars were collected through non-traumatic extraction. All specimens were embedded in polyvinyl cross-sections to the cemento-enamel junction. The cavity preparation was conducted by grinding the samples using silicon carbide discs. After culturing Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), a 10 µL of S. mutans suspension (106 colony forming units/mL) was transferred in each tooth cavity and anaerobically incubated for 48 h at 37 °C. All specimens were randomly divided into 5 groups: Group-I: samples treated IPC; Group-II: samples treated with 2% CHX gel; Group-III: samples treated with 6% NaOCl; Group-IV: irradiation of prepared cavity with MB-mediated aPDT; and Group-V: irradiation of prepared cavity with CUR-mediated aPDT. After disinfection methods, the universal adhesive was used, and all specimens were restored using giomer. Eventually, confocal laser scanning microscopy, shear bond strength (SBS), micro-tensile bond strength (μTBS), four-point bending strength (4P-BS) analyses were performed, and the data were analyzed statistically. ResultsAt baseline, the highest SBS (48.8 ± 6.5 MPa), μTBS (54.3 ± 3.9 MPa), and 4P-BS (123 ± 32 MPa) scores were demonstrated by the samples treated with MB-mediated aPDT. However, after 12 months of storage, the highest SBS (42.3 ± 3.9 MPa) and μTBS (45.2 ± 6.6 MPa) scores were shown by samples treated with MB-mediated aPDT, while CUR-mediated aPDT treated samples demonstrated the highest 4P-BS scores (70 ± 18 MPa). Moreover, the highest antibacterial activity against S. mutans was shown by the samples treated with MB-mediated aPDT. ConclusionsThe application of aPDT, especially MB-mediated, demonstrated superior SBS, μTBS, and 4P-BS values as well as antibacterial activity against S. mutans as compared to 2% CHX gel and 6% NaOCl as cavity disinfectants for IPC treatment of permanent molars.

Dental Pulp Response to Silver-Containing Solutions: A Scoping Review.

Dentists used silver-containing solutions for deep cavity disinfection before restoration. This review aims to identify the silver-containing solutions reported in the literature for deep cavity disinfection and summarize their effects on dental pulp. An extensive search was performed using the search words "(silver) AND (dental pulp OR pulp)" in ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Web of Science to identify English publications on silver-containing solutions for cavity conditioning. The pulpal response to the included silver-containing solutions was summarized. The initial search identified 4112 publications and 14 publications met the inclusion criteria. Silver fluoride, silver nitrate, silver diamine nitrate, silver diamine fluoride, and nano-silver fluoride were used in deep cavities for antimicrobial purposes. Indirect silver fluoride application induced pulp inflammation and reparative dentine in most cases, and pulp necrosis in some cases. Direct silver nitrate application caused blood clots and a wide inflammatory band in the pulp, whilst indirect silver nitrate application caused hypoplasia in shallow cavities and partial pulp necrosis in deep cavities. Direct silver diamine fluoride application induced pulp necrosis, while indirect silver diamine fluoride application induced a mild inflammatory response and reparative dentine formation. No evidence of the dental pulpal response to silver diamine nitrate or nano-silver fluoride was available in the literature.

OPERATİF DİŞ HEKİMLİĞİNDE KAVİTE DEZENFEKSİYONU – DERLEME

Elimination of residual microorganisms and their effects before placement of restorative materials after cavity preparation increase the longevity of the restoration and the success of the treatment. Complete destruction of bacteria during cavity preparation can mechanically weaken the tooth structure as well as affect the vitality of the pulp. Therefore, disinfection of the cavity after caries removal can help prevent secondary caries and postoperative sensitivity by eliminating residual bacteria. However, the effects of disinfectants on restorative materials are being investigated in studies.This review aims to provide information about the effects / efficacy of cavity disinfectants used in restorative dentistry through a review of the current literature review and to assist dentists in making clinical decisions about using cavity disinfectants during restorative procedures.