Cave Research Articles

Pengaruh Konformitas terhadap Perilaku Konsumtif pada Mahasiswa Konsumen Coffee Shop di Kota Padang

This study aims to see the influence of conformity on consumer behavior among student coffee shop consumers in Padang City. This research uses quantitative methods. The population in this study were students as coffee shop consumers in Padang City with a sampling technique using purposive sampling. The sample in this study amounted to 105 people. The instruments used in this study were the conformity scale and the consumer behavior scale. The results of the analysis using simple linear regression with a significance of p = 0.018 (p <0.05), correlation (R) of 0.231 and the coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.053. This means that conformity has a significant positive influence on consumer behavior with an influence of 5.3%.

Youth mental health outreach interventions: lessons from an experience capitalisation process

Abstract Issue Young people face socioeconomic, geographical and cultural barriers to access care and support in mental health. Practitioners implement outreach initiatives to improve mental health and address health inequalities, mostly developed in a ‘no-request for care’ context. Methods To better understand the implementation mechanisms of these initiatives, Fondation de France commissioned the French Society for Public Health to carry out an experience capitalisation to inspire other professionals. Experience capitalisation method was used, based on in depth interviews with project stakeholders. Covered themes were: the description of history, strategies and activities; identification of key moment and key levers; skills and knowledge used. Results Nine mental health outreach projects implemented across regions of France were selected with the help of a multidisciplinary steering committee. Each project was synthetised in a capitalisation document and a cross-sectional analysis was undertaken. Lessons • A variety of outreach approaches were carried on: meeting adolescents in the street or at coffee shops; home-based interventions; consultations in converted van etc. • Outreach is not just a matter of physically moving outside health structures but requires non-judging and flexible stance to adjust to the youth’s pace and will. To extend their approach to mobility, professionals deepen their team’s multidisciplinarity, broaden cross-sector partnerships and mobilise new skills and creativity. • Adolescents’ participation to care or support plans was one of projects strengths, whether they suffer from anxiety or mental disorders. However, their participation in governance and decisions regarding global projects remained limited. Key messages • To reduce mental health inequalities and enhance youth participation in outreach interventions, empowerment and wellbeing of interventions practitioners should also be supported. • Capitalisation of experience in health promotion is a promising method contributing to professional acknowledgment and development of shared knowledge on interventions implementation.

Portion Size Norms of Discretionary Foods and Eating Settings: A Repeated Cross-Sectional Study.

The increase in serving sizes of energy-dense nutrient-poor discretionary foods over time, with attractively presented large servings and package sizes, has led to portion distortion and a new 'normal' for serving sizes. Little data exists on the variations of portion size norms of discretionary foods across settings. This study aimed to examine the differences in the range of normal portion sizes of commonly consumed foods between home and out-of-home settings (coffee shops, restaurants). A repeated cross-sectional design was used, with nine selected discretionary foods and beverages included in a validated online image-series questionnaire. Participants completed the questionnaire at two time points to report their normal portion sizes in home and out-of-home settings. Quantile regression models were used to examine differences in the range of normal portion sizes (17th to 83rd percentile, representing the majority of the study population) between settings. A final sample of 295 participants was included in the analysis (51% females, mean age 40 ± 14 years). The ranges of normal portion sizes did not differ by settings for all test foods except for sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) tested in both containers and glassware. SSB showed smaller normal portion sizes at home compared to fast food restaurants (in a bottle/can and in a glass/cup; p < 0.001). These findings suggest that the portion size norms of many discretionary foods are mostly consistent in home and out-of-home settings. As the typical serving sizes available to consumers in the out-of-home settings are large, it is essential to establish practical serving size guidelines directed at the food industry to increase the availability of smaller size options and empower consumers towards better portion control.

The Impact of Store Atmosphere and Product Variation on Customer Preference : Study at Tjap Djajakarta Cafe Malang

Nowadays, cafés are a highly saturated business, especially in Malang City. Due to the high number of café options, customers tend to choose cafés that suit their preferences. Therefore, coffee shop owners must maximize many aspects of their cafés, such as store atmosphere and product variation. These variables are being implemented in Tjap Djajakarta café Malang. This quantitative research involved distributing questionnaires directly to customer of Tjap Djajakarta café who have made purchase. Purposive sampling was used, and data were analyzed using multiple linear regression (Y = a + b1X1 + b2X2+ e) and hypothesis testing. The findings shows that store atmosphere have partial influence to customer preference while product variation doesn’t. Collectively, both variables contribute 37, 8 % influence to customer preference with 62, 2% is influenced by other variables. The study concluded that only store atmosphere variable that significantly influence customer preference. Tjap Djajakarta café is suggested to explore more variation in their menu especially main course. Furthermore, Tjap Djajakarta also suggested to enhance the product aesthetic especially for coffee product by performing latte art.

‘Happy Loong Year”: translating festive language into English in Shantou’s coffee shops

ABSTRACT Temporal markers provide unique opportunities for a community to revisit traditions, construct identity, and negotiate solidarity. The linguistic landscape (LL) encapsulating the celebration of the Chinese New Year, a momentous festival for both the Chinese community and people worldwide, presents a distinctive avenue for exploring the contestation and negotiation of diverse values and viewpoints in envisioning the future in the public sphere. The paper investigates the use of multilingual and multimodal resources to commemorate the Chinese New Year in Shantou’s coffee shops, revealing a diverse textual and visual narrative of celebration. In this process, socially constructed linguistic borders dissolve, facilitating the meshing and fusion of languages and enabling the reimagination, reinterpretation, and rewriting of the New Year. The juxtaposition of elements in differing linguistic and semiotic repertoires opens a dialogue, wherein values and traditions associated with the New Year are negotiated and reconstructed within the context of the evolving social attitudes and beliefs in post-pandemic Shantou.

How Motivation, Compensation, and the Work Environment Maximizing Employee Performance?

This study aims to determine the effect of motivation, compensation, and work environment on employee performance. This study uses a quantitative research type, with an Associative research strategy. with data collection techniques using a questionnaire measured by a Likert scale. Data were analyzed by validity testing, reliability testing and Hypothesis Testing. The population in this study were all Coffee shop employees in Jakarta. The population in this study was 210 respondents with a 5% error rate determined by the SEM formula. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires. The results of this study indicate that motivation affects employee performance, compensation affects employee performance because decent compensation improves employee performance, and the work environment also affects employee performance because the work environment is also very important for the comfort of employees to do the work given. The managerial implications of this study indicate that increasing motivation, compensation, and a conducive work environment can significantly improve employee performance. Managers need to consider better policies related to rewards, incentives, and creating a supportive work atmosphere to increase productivity. This can be done through motivational training programs, restructuring a fairer compensation system, and ensuring a comfortable and safe work environment

Coffee Shop Dine-in Business Concept Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic

Dine-in coffee shops were businesses that needed to adapt to significant environmental changes, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic caused shifts in business models, moving from a focus on traditional products and services to concepts more suitable for the pandemic's constraints. This research aimed to analyze how business concepts evolved before and during the pandemic. A systematic literature review method was employed, utilizing 40 articles from the pre-pandemic and pandemic periods. The findings indicated that coffee shops successfully adapted to extreme environmental changes such as the pandemic and government-imposed restrictions (e.g., lockdowns). The main factors influencing this adaptation included changes in consumer behavior, empathy-based strategies, digital marketing transformations, innovation aligned with consumer needs, and effective management of human resources and brand equity. Keywords: coffee adaptation, coffee shop, COVID-19, literature review, strategy, consumer behavior

Stability Assessment of the Maltravieso Cave (Caceres, Spain) Through Engineering Rock Mass Classification, Empirical, Numerical and Remote Techniques

Caves have long fascinated humanity, serving as shelters, canvases for artistic expression and now significant attractions in the realm of tourism. Among these remarkable geological formations, the Maltravieso cave in Extremadura, Spain, stands out for its rich archaeological and paleontological heritage, particularly its collection of Paleolithic rock art. Despite its cultural significance, there is a notable dearth of studies addressing the stability of the cave from an engineering perspective. This article presents a pioneering study aimed at assessing the stability of the Maltravieso cave through a multidisciplinary approach: using empirical geomechanical classifications such as the Q Index, Rock Mass Rating (RMR) and the recently formulated Cave Geomechanical Index (CGI), alongside other techniques like Structure from Motion (SfM), 2D numerical modeling and 3D wedge analysis. This research aims to fill the gap in our opinion of cave stability assessment. By combining field data collection with sophisticated analysis methods, this study seeks to provide valuable insights into the geomechanical properties of the Maltravieso cave and validate a simple yet effective methodology for evaluating the stability of natural caves. This work not only contributes to the body of knowledge regarding cave geomechanics but also underscores the importance of preserving these invaluable cultural and geological treasures for future generations.

Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Asmara Coffee Melalui Event Musik Asmaraloka Dalam Menciptakan Brand Awaraness

The purpose of this study is to analyze Asmara Coffee's marketing communication strategy through the Asmaraloka music event in creating and increasing brand awareness among consumers. This study uses a constructivism paradigm with a qualitative approach to analyze Asmara Coffee's marketing communication strategy through the Asmaraloka music event in increasing brand awareness. Data were collected through interviews, observations, literature studies, and documentation, with analysis using the interactive method of Miles and Huberman and verification through triangulation. The results of the study provide an in-depth picture of the effectiveness of the marketing strategy implemented and its impact on Asmara Coffee's brand awareness. Research on Asmara Coffee shows that tight competition in the coffee shop industry is a challenge for Asmara Coffee to stay competitive and increase brand awareness. Asmara Coffee strives to maintain its existence by optimizing social media accounts, providing the best service, and routinely holding music events. The Asmaraloka music event is the main strategy in attracting new consumers and strengthening brand awareness. Through this approach, Asmara Coffee strives to remain relevant and competitive amidst business competition.

The Impact of digital payments on small coffee business in India

India's coffee industry has experienced notable growth, fuelled by rising demand for specialty coffee and a thriving start-up culture. However, small coffee businesses continue to face challenges such as fierce competition, limited resources, and reliance on a cash-driven economy. This study examines the impact of digital payments on these small enterprises, focusing on key aspects like convenience, security, speed, data-driven insights, and reduced costs associated with cash handling. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research integrates both quantitative and qualitative analyses. Primary data is gathered through structured surveys from 200-300 small coffee business owners and customers, complemented by in-depth interviews with 10-15 coffee shop owners. Additionally, secondary data from industry reports and case studies enriches the analysis. Statistical tools, including descriptive and inferential statistics, correlation analysis, and factor analysis, are employed for quantitative data, while thematic analysis interprets qualitative insights. The study reveals that digital payments significantly improve operational efficiency, enhance customer satisfaction, and boost revenue for small coffee businesses. Challenges such as digital literacy gaps, cyber security concerns, and infrastructural limitations remain. The findings recommend that small coffee businesses can optimize the benefits of digital payments by investing in digital literacy, addressing security issues, and leveraging data insights for informed decision-making.

The Role of Trust and Word of Mouth as Mediating Variables in Building Customer Loyalty

This study aimed to examine the impact of customer relationship marketing on trust, word of mouth, and customer loyalty. It also sought to analyze the role of customer trust and word of mouth in mediating the influence of customer relationship marketing on customer loyalty at the Kenangan Coffee Shop in Malang City. The sample consisted of 140 customers of the Kenangan Coffee Shop in Malang City. Stratified random sampling was used to identify respondents. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was used to analyze data. The research results show that customer relationship marketing that focused on developing a service culture built customer trust at Kenangan Coffee Shop in Malang City. High levels of trust has the increases customer loyalty. By convincing others to choose a Kenangan Coffee Shop, word of mouth can also increase customer loyalty. Thus, this research further develops studies on customer loyalty, customer relationship marketing, and word of mouth. Keywords: customer relationship, trust, word of mouth, customer loyalty

Pengaruh Quality Product, Social Network, dan Celebrity Endorsement terhadap Purchase Intention terhadap Kopi Kenangan Megamall Batam

Increasingly tight business competition requires companies to continue to innovate in their marketing strategies. Kopi Kenangan is one of the many coffee shops that are easy to find, especially in big cities. Therefore, Kopi Kenangan needs to understand the factors that influence purchase intention in order to maintain and increase their market share. This study aims to analyze the influence of social networks, product quality, and celebrity endorsements on purchase intention at Kopi Kenangan Megamall Batam. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. Sampling was carried out using the Slovin formula, resulting in 100 respondents as research samples. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire with a Likert scale designed to measure the variables of social networks, product quality, celebrity endorsements, and purchase intention. The results of this study indicate that social networks do not affect purchase intention, while product quality and celebrity endorsements have a significant effect on purchase intention. Therefore, Kopi Kenangan needs to develop a promotional strategy through social networks and improve product quality to increase customer purchase intention towards Kopi Kenangan.

Pengaruh Green Culture, Green Loyalty dan Green Environment terhadap Green Consumer Behavior di Café Palmere Jepara

A coffee shop is a business that is oriented towards food service. This research aims to analyze the influence of Green Culture on Green Consumer Behavior at Café Palmere Jepara. Analyzing the influence of Green Loyalty on Green Consumer Behavior at Café Palmere Jepara. Analyzing the influence of Green Environment on Green Consumer Behavior at Café Palmere Jepara. The sample for this study was 97 respondents. Partial research results: Green Culture has a positive effect on Green Consumer Behavior. Green Culture is a determinant based on a person's desires and behavior, through family and other institutions, in relationships with other people. A critical marketer in management science must pay attention to cultural values in each marketing area. Partially, Green Loyalty has no effect on Green Consumer Behavior. Green Loyalty is the level of interest in making repeat purchases based on strong environmental characteristics and ongoing commitment to products and services. Partially, Green Environment has no effect on Green Consumer Behavior. The social environment is not an independent function, but is interconnected and produces human behavior.

Impact of the Source Material Gradation on the Disaster Mechanism of Underground Debris Flows in Mines

In mines where the natural caving method is used, the frequent occurrence of underground debris flows and the complex mine environments make it difficult to prevent and control underground debris flows. The source is one of the critical conditions for the formation of debris flows, and studying the impact of source material gradation on underground debris-flow disasters can effectively help prevent and control these occurrences. This paper describes a multiscale study of underground debris flows using physical model experiments and the discrete-element method (PFC3D) to understand the impact of the source material gradation on the disaster mechanism of underground debris flows from macroscopic and microscopic perspectives. Macroscopically, an increase in content of medium and large particles in the gradation will enhance the instantaneous destructive force. Large particles can more easily cause disasters than medium and fine particles with the same content, but the disaster-causing ability is minimized when the contents of medium and large particles exceed 50% and 60%, respectively. With increasing fine particle content, the long-distance disaster-causing ability and duration is increased. On the microscopic level, the source-level pairs affect the initial flow mode, concentration area of the force chain, average velocity, average runout distance, and change in energy of the underground debris flow. Among them, the proportion of large particles in the gradation significantly affects the change in kinetic energy, change in dissipative energy, time to reach the peak kinetic energy, and time of coincidence of dissipative energy and gravitational potential energy. The process of underground debris flow can be divided into a “sudden stage”, a “continuous impact stage”, and a “convergence and accumulation stage”. This work reveals the close relationship between source material gradation and the disaster mechanism of underground debris flows and highlights the necessity of considering the source material gradation in the prevention and control of underground debris flows. It can provide an important basic theory for the study of environmental and urban sustainable development.

Sustainable Sip: Learning Concepts Of Business Sustainability Through A Hybrid Game

We present Sustainable Sip, a hybrid multiplayer round-based game designed to provide an experiential learning environment for university-level students at the University of Queensland, Australia. It aims to facilitate literacy around the fundamental concepts of business sustainability, specifically the tensions and interplay between economics and sustainability, and systems thinking. This paper represents stage 1 of this project (design, development, testing). Impact assessment will be covered by stage 2 (application), which is outside the scope of this paper. Each player manages a coffee shop in a competitive market, seeking to maximise their customer base, whilst minimising the production of waste (unsold coffee tokens). Each round, players must decide how much coffee (inventory) to buy from the wholesaler, and the price to sell coffee to customers. Players aim to balance the dimensions of economic performance, environmental sustainability, and customer loyalty; the player that best achieves this wins the ‘Sustainable Sipper’ award. ‘Customer loyalty’ is a central concept, calculated in the app for each player and is influenced by the shop’s coffee price, quantity of waste the shop produces, and a player’s ability to meet customer demand. The game design explicitly draws from system thinking, user-centred and hybrid design, and from self-determination theory (motivation). Sustainable Sip has undergone early testing with preliminary feedback highlighting that the gameplay is simple, intuitive and interactive, aspects that are attributable in part to the game design and the hybrid approach.

Mineralogy and Geochemistry of Listvenite-Hosted Ni–Fe Sulfide Paragenesis—A Case Study from Janjevo and Melenica Listvenite Occurrences (Kosovo)

The main goal of this paper is to determine the order of the paragenetic sequence and phase transitions of the Ni–Fe sulfide association hosted in listvenites. Listvenites are hydrothermally altered mafic and ultramafic rocks that are often associated with active tectonic settings, such as transform faults, suture zones, and regional extensional faults, usually in contact with volcanic or carbonate rocks. Listvenitization is displayed by a carbonation process when the original olivine, pyroxene, and serpentine group minerals are altered to Mg–Fe–Ca carbonates (magnesite, calcite, dolomite, and siderite), talc, quartz, and accessory Cr spinel, fuchsite, and Ni–Fe sulfides. The formed rocks are highly reactive; therefore, very often, younger hydrothermal processes are observed, overprinting the mineralogy and geochemistry of the original listvenitization products, including accessory Ni–Fe sulfide paragenesis. The studied samples of listvenites were collected from two locations in Kosovo (Vardar Zone): Janjevo and Melenica. The Ni–Fe sulfide textures and relationships with the surrounding listvenite-hosted minerals were obtained using reflected and transmitted light microscopy, while their chemical composition was determined using an electron microprobe. They form accessory mono-or polymetallic aggregates that usually do not exceed 100 μm in size disseminated in the studied listvenites. Generally, the paragenetic sequence of Ni–Fe sulfides is divided into three stages. The first pre-listvenite magmatic phase is represented by pentlandite and millerite. The second listvenite stage consists of Ni–Co bearing pyrite I (Ni content up to 11.57 wt.% [0.24 apfu], and Co content up to 6.54 wt.% [0.14 apfu]) and differentiated thiospinels (violarite + siegenite ± polydymite). The last, late listvenite stage is represented by younger gersdorffite−ullmannite and base metal mineralization: pyrite + marcasite + sphalerite + galena ± chalcopyrite ± sulfosalts. The findings obtained should help in the interpretation of many disseminated accessory Ni–Fe–Co mineralizations associated with mafic and ultramafic rocks worldwide.

Analisis Pengaruh Sistem Pelayanan Self Service dan Store Atmosphere Terhadap Kepuasan Pelanggan pada Dali Coffee Shop Karawang

Coffee shops, as retail establishments that specialize in offering various types of coffee and related beverages, play an important role in meeting consumers' growing needs for a unique and quality coffee experience. This study aims to analyze the effect of self-service service system and store atmosphere on customer satisfaction at Dali Coffee Shop in Karawang. This research uses quantitative methods by distributing questionnaires to customers who visit the store. This study uses a sampling technique that uses non-probability sampling techniques with a purposive sampling approach, namely purposive sampling by determining the number of respondents as many as 100 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the self service system and store atmosphere have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction. The conclusion in this study is that the variables of self service system and store atmosphere have a good influence simultaneously on customer satisfaction at Dali Coffee Shop.

Strategi Pemasaran untuk Meningkatkan Penjualan Mahalona Kopi Karawang

The implication for Mahalona Kopi is that it needs to design more competitive marketing strategies and offer products or services to potential markets. This research aims to formulate a marketing strategy for Mahalona Kopi and take advantage of opportunities and overcome challenges so that the coffee shop business can continue to operate and generate profits. The data processing method used in this research is descriptive qualitative method, with the analysis process using SWOT analysis. Data sources include primary data and secondary data, obtained through direct observation and in-depth interviews related to opportunities and challenges in the coffee shop business. The matrix results show that Mahalona Kopi is in cell IV (Grow and Build). The appropriate strategy for this cell position at Mahalona Kopi is an intensive strategy, such as market penetration, product development, and market development.

The Effect of Product Innovation and Customer Relationship Management on Satisfaction Mediated by Purchasing Decisions in the Coffee Shop Industry

The coffee shop industry faces increasingly fierce competition, where consumers have many choices. To retain and attract customers, coffee shops must continuously develop product innovation and improve customer relationships through Customer Relationship Management (CRM). This study aims to identify the effect of product innovation and CRM on customer satisfaction and understand the role of purchasing decisions as a mediator in this relationship. This research uses a survey method by collecting data from coffee shop customers through questionnaires. The research sample consisted of coffee shop visitors who were active during the research period. The collected data were analyzed using statistical techniques, including regression analysis. The results showed that product innovation has a significant positive impact on customer satisfaction. CRM also has a significant favorable influence on customer satisfaction. Furthermore, purchasing decisions were found to mediate the relationship between product innovation and customer satisfaction, as well as between CRM and customer satisfaction. These findings indicate that coffee shops focusing on developing innovative products and implementing effective CRM strategies can increase customer satisfaction. In addition, purchase decisions are an essential intermediary in linking product innovation, CRM, and customer satisfaction. Therefore, coffee shop management must consider better strategies for integrating product innovation, CRM, and purchase decisions to achieve long-term success in this competitive industry. This research contributes significantly to understanding the factors influencing customer behavior and the strategies coffee shop industry players can use.

Using hydrochemistry and stable isotopes to character the karst water environment in a cave site, South China

For cave sites located within the seasonal fluctuation zone of groundwater, obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the hydrogeological conditions and hydrochemical environment is of utmost importance in assessing the preservation of cultural deposits. However, due to the heterogeneity of karst development, the hydrochemical environment of the overburden karst water-bearing unit may exhibit complex variations. In this study, the characteristics of the water environment in a foot cave system and its surrounding aquifer were investigated at the Zengpiyan site, employing hydrochemistry, hydrogen and oxygen isotope analysis, as well as sulfate isotope analysis, in conjunction with the hydrogeological background. Based on the exposure of the karst cave and the groundwater flow conditions, the water-bearing medium was categorized into five types. The aquifer exhibited either an oxidation or reduction condition, with a distinct "dissolved oxygen hole" observed in the saturated zone of the cave site. Ion concentration analysis revealed that the groundwater was influenced by the prior accumulation of cinders in the upstream region, leading to sulfate contamination within the foot cave system. However, during the groundwater movement from upstream to downstream, the attenuation rate of pollutants displayed significant variations. Notably, the sulfate content was unusually low within the site cave. Hydrogen and oxygen isotopes provided insights into the differing circulation and movement velocities of groundwater within the local environment. Additionally, sulfate isotopes confirmed the sources of sulfate and the occurrence of bacterial sulfate reduction within the site cave. Consequently, an environmental zoning classification was established based on these analyses. Although the concentration of dissolved ions appears low in the anoxic area, it does not imply a diminished environmental risk. Under reducing conditions, these pollutants can be converted into more aggressive gases, posing a substantial threat to the preservation environment of cave sites. Therefore, sufficient attention should be given to this aspect in order to ensure adequate protection.