Dependency theory has contributed to contemporary Marxist analysis by questioning outmoded interpretations of imperialism, pointing out weaknesses in many theoretical explanations of development and underdevelopment, and advocating a study of the dynamics and effects of imperialism from the point of view of imperialized (satellite) societies rather than imperialist (metropolis) ones. It directly confronted Marxists with the need to reexamine the conventional wisdom on the causes of underdevelopment. The widely read and popularized formulations of Andre Gunder Frank (1967, 1969) as well as the works of Paul Baran (1957), Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1969, 1972, 1973) Theotonio Dos Santos (1970), and the father of dependency, Sergio Bagui (1949), forced Marxists to confront the issue of development and imperialism once again and replace often unquestioned formulas with more profound and complex theoretical formulations. The flurry of intense inquiry and debate stimulated by the emergence of the dependency perspective has been perhaps its most enduring contribution to Marxist scholarship. For many scholars and activists, the dependency perspective has been not only the radical but the Marxist interpretation of imperialism. Many Marxists, or persons sympathetic to and influenced by Marxist theory, are found in the ranks of its advocates, but the relationship between the dependency paradigm and Marxist theory has been anything but unproblematic. Dependency advocates have posed important questions, their Marxist critics acknowledge, but they have failed to answer them within a Marxist framework, choosing instead to insert new theoretical categories (like dependent capitalism) and elaborate ad hoc explanations. Not only were dependency theory's categories and methodological assumptions inadequate to the task of understanding development, but its political implications were often unacceptable or overly ambiguous. While dependency analyses had put the questions on the agenda, it has not been able to provide adequate alternative theoretical answers to the