Abstract
Social scientists and development planners have recognized the descriptive and analytical utility of spatial analysis for a number of years. However, when applied to the actual planning and implementation of development projects, results have been disappointing. This paper suggests that successful application of spatial analysis as a planning tool has been hindered by a tendency to divorce spatial organization from underlying social relations. When this occurs, particular forms of spatial organization are often treated as a cause of underdevelopment rather than as an outcome. As a result, modifications in spatial organization may promote economic growth. However, they are unlikely to broaden participation in the processes of social and economic change that accompany growth. Furthermore, such modifications have on occasion exacerbated inequities in resource distribution. When the direction of causality is reversed so that spatial organization is treated as a dependent variable, a number of issues arise tha...
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