Causes Of Dropout Research Articles

Preoperative Evaluation of Potential Liver Donor in a Living Donor Liver Transplantation Program in Latin America

Introduction: The living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) technique was developed to face the problem of low-rate donation. Living donor selection is crucial to minimize postoperative donor complications and to improve recipient outcomes This study evaluates the reasons for discarding potential donors in our LDLT program. Methods: Retrospective descriptive analysis from all potential donors evaluated in our LDLT program between April 2018 and July 2021. Selection criteria included age 18-60 years old, no significant medical or mental comorbidities, ABO and anatomical suitability. Results: A total of 231 patients were evaluated. Mean age was 37+11 years and male gender in 52%. 101 potential donors (43.7%) did not complete the evaluation because of the availability of a deceased donor (n=26; 11.3%), ABO incompatibility (n=13; 5.6%), progression or death of the recipient (n=14; 6.1%). Of the 130 who completed their radiological evaluation, the main causes of inadequate candidacy were small liver remnant size (SLRS) (n=17/130; 13.1%) and steatosis (n=15/130; 11.5%). Out of the 231 potential donors, 75 were accepted as adequate donors (32.4%) and 32 candidates underwent liver donation (13.8%). Conclusions: 43.7% of the potential donors didn’t complete the evaluation because of progression, death or deceased donor transplantation of the recipient. Steatosis, SRLS and anatomical variation are the main causes for dropout. Only 1/3 of potential donors are suitable for donation and half of them will undergo surgery. It is important to know main exclusion criteria met by potential donors, in order to make a more efficient use of time and financial resources.

Factors Leading to Secondary School Dropout In Bangladesh: The Challenges to Meet the Sdg’s Targets

Bangladesh is regarded as a success story for rapid economic development and changes in social indicators that have taken place in the last couple of decades. Enrolment in education, especially women's education, has reached a desirable level. However, the dropout rate in secondary education is still a concern, which has not been reduced to the desired level. This research aims to understand better the undisclosed causes of dropout at secondary level schools. The primary data were collected from 790 former secondary school level students and 1580 parents/guardians, enabling in-depth and systematic analysis of the issue.. The method used in this study is quantitative with logit analysis. The study results showed that students’ perceptions on education, working experience, low socio-demographic status (SDS), family size, total number of siblings, food deficit, distance of the school, bullied by peers/teachers have a significant effect on increasing the probability of dropping out of school. Contrariwise, parents’ academic support, NGO membership of family members, mobility to the local power structure, and government’s social safety net programmes support are significant variables to reduce the probability of dropping out. The research reveals that financial problems are severely engaged to increase the dropout rate, and non-financial factors together aggressively play a catastrophic role and lead the academic life of the dropout student towards the end. The study suggests authorities for rapid response to reduce dropout, which leads Bangladesh to achieve SDGs targets and eventually become an upper middle-income country by 2041. J. Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 47(2): 173-190, December 2021

Reinforcement of Human Capital Reducing Secondary School Dropout: An Exploratory Analysis with Post Covid-19 Implications

Human capital is one of the most critical economic growth and development determinants. The level of education and health perceives in a population. This paper interprets the challenges of reinforcement of human capital in Bangladesh and secondary school dropout as an interruption of its boosting with post-covid-19 implications. The public and private expenditures on education and health are crucial to fortifying human capital. On the contrary, school dropouts negatively affect social, political, environmental and economic development. Progress in education, especially women’s education, has reached a decent level here. However, the dropout rate in secondary education is still a concern, which has not been reduced to the desired level. This research aims to understand better the undisclosed causes of dropout at secondary level schools that lead to reinforcing the human capital to face the FIRe. Seven hundred ninety former secondary school level students and 1580 parents/guardians were interviewed in this research. The method used in this study is quantitative with logit analysis. The study reveals that school dropout is negatively related to boosting Bangladesh’s human capital and economic development. The study also explores that perceptions of education, working experience, lowest sociodemographic status (SDS), and family size significantly affect the probability of dropping out of school. Contrariwise, Parent’s academic support, NGO membership of family members, and the government’s SSNPs support significantly reduced the likelihood of dropping out. The study recommended authorities for rapid response to minimise dropouts for efficient formation of human capital, which led Bangladesh to achieve the targets of SDGs and come out a developed nation by 2041.

IMPACT ON SCHOOL DROPOUT ADOLESCENT GIRLS OF DIFFERENT AGE GROUP: A CASE STUDY OF GWALIOR URBAN, MADHYA PRADESH, INDIA

The present work is design for school dropout adolescent girls age between 11-18 years who are registered in Anganwadi Center of Gwalior Urban, sub-divided into five blocks govern under Integrated Child Development Services schemes. Data are collected from 395 respondents using random sampling. Interview method on pre-tested questionnaire and observation methods used to collect data from each respondent. Frequency and percentage were used to analyze the collected data. The objectives are to find out the age of adolescent girls who are most likely to drop out from school, as well as the causes of dropout from school of adolescent girls. In the descending order of age ranges from discontinuing school, it is found that 14-16years (36.45%)>11-13 years (34.94%)>17-18 years (28.61%), which means middle age are largely affected. Most common responses for leaving school are due to poverty with 32.41 percent. This study will provide data availability for Gwalior urban where the concern governing and related departments can bring out the best schemes for a successful developed state.

Joint modelling with competing risks of dropout for longitudinal analysis of health-related quality of life in cancer clinical trials.

Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) is an important endpoint in cancer clinical trials. Analysis of HRQoL longitudinal data is plagued by missing data, notably due to dropout. Joint models are increasingly receiving attention for modelling longitudinal outcomes and the time-to-dropout. However, dropout can be informative or non-informative depending on the cause. We propose using a joint model that includes a competing risks sub-model for the cause-specific time-to-dropout. We compared a competing risks joint model (CR JM) that distinguishes between two causes of dropout with a standard joint model (SJM) that treats all the dropouts equally. First, we applied the CR JM and SJM to data from 267 patients with advanced oesophageal cancer from the randomized clinical trial PRODIGE 5/ACCORD 17 to analyse HRQoL data in the presence of dropouts unrelated and related to a clinical event. Then, we compared the models using a simulation study. We showed that the CR JM performed as well as the SJM in situations where the risk of dropout was the same whatever the cause. In the presence of both informative and non-informative dropouts, only the SJM estimations were biased, impacting the HRQoL estimated parameters. The systematic collection of the reasons for dropout in clinical trials would facilitate the use of CR JMs, which could be a satisfactory approach to analysing HRQoL data in presence of both informative and non-informative dropout. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00861094.

Technology-Supported Guidance Model to Support the Development of Critical Thinking Among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Clinical Practice: Protocol of an Exploratory, Flexible Mixed Methods Feasibility Study.

BackgroundCritical thinking is an essential set of skills in nursing education, and nursing education therefore needs a sharper focus on effective ways to support the development of these skills, especially through the implementation of technological tools in nursing education.ObjectiveThe aim of this study protocol is to assess the feasibility of a technology-supported guidance model grounded in the metacognition theory for nursing students in clinical practice.MethodsBoth quantitative (research questionnaires) and qualitative (focus group interviews) approaches will be used to collect data for a feasibility study with an exploratory, flexible mixed methods design to test a newly developed intervention in clinical practice.ResultsThe intervention development was completed in December 2020. The intervention will be tested in 3 independent nursing homes in Norway.ConclusionsBy determining the feasibility of a technology-supported guidance model for nursing students in clinical practice, the results will provide information on the acceptability of the intervention and the suitability of the outcome measures and data collection strategy. They will also identify the causes of dropout and obstacles to retention and adherence.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/31646

The Tensions Between Student Dropout and Flexibility in Learning Design: The Voices of Professors in Open Online Higher Education

Flexibility is typical of open universities and their e-learning designs. While this constitutes their main attraction, promising learners will be able to study “anytime, anyplace,” this also demands more self-regulation and engagement, a cause for student dropout. This case study explores professors’ experiences of flexibility in e-learning design and continuous assessment and their perception of the risks and opportunities that more flexibility implies for student persistence and dropout. In-depth interviews with 18 full professors, who are the e-learning designers of undergraduate courses at the Open University of Catalonia (UOC), were analyzed, employing qualitative content analysis. According to the professors, the main causes for dropout are student-centered, yet they are connected to learning design: workload and time availability, as well as students’ expectations, profiles, and time management skills. In the professors’ view, flexibility has both positive and negative effects. Some are conducive to engagement and persistence: improvement of personalized feedback, formative assessment, and module workload. Others generate resistance: more flexibility may increase workload, procrastination, dropout, and risk of losing professorial control, and may threaten educational standards and quality. Untangling the tensions between dropout and flexibility may enhance learning design and educational practices that help prevent student dropout. Stakeholders should focus on measures perceived as positive, such as assessment extension, personalized feedback and monitoring, and course workload calibration. As higher education is globally turning to online delivery due to the COVID-19 viral pandemic, such findings may be useful in both hybrid and fully online educational contexts.

Surgical role in the management of peritoneal dialysis catheters – evidence and proposals to improve current practices

Peritoneal dialysis (PD) relies on adequate function of PD catheter. Mechanical complications are a major cause of dropout among PD patients. A prompt timing and an appropriate intervention may overcome these problems with catheter salvage, without interrupting PD treatment. Many Portuguese centers still lack a proper articulation between nephrology and surgical departments. We describe current available surgical approaches in the implantation of PD catheters, management of mechanical complications, exit -site infections and other abdominal surgical procedures. Our aim is to reinforce the need for an established protocol of action between these departments as occurs with vascular access in hemodialysis.

Moving beyond Limitations: Designing the Helpdys App for Children with Dyslexia in Rural Areas

Dyslexia is a relatively common language disorder which is generally ignored in rural communities. It hinders children’s learning processes and, in some cases, is the cause of dropouts or violence in schools. The present work strives to create a web and mobile app as a preliminary step towards the diagnosis and treatment of dyslexic children. Apps providing didactic educational games and activities improve literacy skills for students with reading disabilities. The current work incorporates user experience and prototyping to fulfill app requirements. The authors evaluated the apps with the Mobile App Rating Scale (MARS) tool to assess engagement, functionality, aesthetics, and information. The app’s improvements were immediately implemented and tested in the “Escuela Linea Equinoccial” (Ecuador) school, proving its utility for future use in the education system. The app can be a valuable tool for children with dyslexia to progress successfully through school, raising their self-confidence and, thereby, helping them reach their full potential as adults able to make a positive contribution to society.

Impact of Primary Schools Infrastructure on the Dropout Rate: A Situational Analysis on the Context of Bangladesh

The objectives of this research were to discover the impact of primary school infrastructure and resources on the dropout rate of primary schools in Bangladesh. This study also includes the other circumstances of student dropout from the primary schools of Bangladesh. The main method of this study was an interview survey and also used Focus Group Discussions (FGD). The primary data have been collected from study areas which are four districts of Bangladesh (Dhaka, Gazipur, Shariatpur, and Tangail) and secondary ones from different relevant publications, books, dissertations, journal articles, government publications, and websites. The current literacy rate has increased in Bangladesh. But the stall factor remains the main obstacle to reaching this objective. So far, an enumerated number of students do not pursue their studies for many reasons. The vulnerable condition of the infrastructure and the scarcity of resources in these schools are the principal causes. Some of the survey data are presented here, like 8.1% primary schools are tin-shed +mosaic floor construct, 14% school’s doors and windows are broken, and 21.6% school is unsanitary. Ultimately, this study found that, on average, 6.68% of students were dropped out of primary school because of a broken infrastructure. It’s a massive obstacle to acquiring a 100% literacy rate. Moreover, Simple Linear Regression Analysis found more authentic speculation as to the cause of the dropout of the students from the primary level. This survey found that ‘Infrastructural facilities’ and ‘Apparent of Buildings’ are more efficiently related. With a P-value of 0.005b, this is less than the significant level of 0.05. The linear regression model was found to be an excellent fit. In this research, we focused on a specific cause of dropout and wanted to pinpoint the margin of the problem. Hopefully, this research will make a meaningful contribution to the field of knowledge.

The Opportunity Class as School Initiated Intervention to Students'-At -Risk of Dropping Out (SARDOs)

The most enduring challenges in the public-school system is decreasing the dropout rate. Dropping out in high school is a serious problem, and society is finally acknowledging the profound social and economic consequences for students, families, (on the individual socially and economically causing severe disadvantages entering into to adult life. (Plank, DeLuca, Estacion, 2018). This study aimed to determine the impact of opportunity class as school-initiated intervention to students-at-risk of dropping out (SARDO). This study utilized the descriptive method of research to appraise the culture of caring, understanding and belongingness of teachers to students at-risk of dropping out. To analyze the causes of drop-outs the researcher used qualitative and quantitative methods and had employed survey technique and to gather necessary data, descriptive questionnaires used in this study an interview guide questions also employed to teachers and target participants were purposively selected. The data was gathered, analyzed and computed with the use of statistical treatment such as frequency, percentage distribution and weighted mean were used in describing and analyzing the objectives of the study. n Results revealed that that the most appearing age of students at risk of dropping out (SARDO) were 51 or 34 % range from 14-15 years old with the mean age of 15. There was 87 or 58 % of male students-at- risk of dropping out and 63 or 42% of female students at risk of dropping out with the total mean of 42. nThe common causes of students-at-risk of dropping out revealed that those students from home environments in which academic success is neither supported nor encouraged by parents, socioeconomic levels, dysfunctional families and students with emotional and behavioral problems. nMoreover, teachers' culture of caring to SARDO revealed the total mean of 3.45 which was interpreted as moderately evident; culture of belongingness with the mean score of 3.49 which was also interpreted as moderately evident and the culture of understanding with the mean score of 3.45 which was interpreted as moderately evident. nThis means that the culture of belonginess, understanding, caring was practiced by some teachers and found it effective through the implementation of Opportunity Class as school-initiated intervention. nn n

Subcutaneous Allergen Immunotherapy in Children: Real Life Compliance and Effect of COVID-19 Pandemic on Compliance

Background: Subcutaneous allergen immunotherapy (SCIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinitis, asthma, and venom allergy. Compliance is essential for SCIT to obtain maximal benefit as it is a long-term treatment. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the level of real-life SCIT compliance in pediatric patients and the associated factors. Additional aims were to determine how SCIT compliance was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and why some patients dropped out SCIT. Method: Pediatric patients diagnosed with allergic rhinitis, allergic asthma, or venom allergy that received SCIT between September 2012 and July 2020 were analyzed. Results: The study included 201 children (66.7% male) with a median (interquartile range) age of 12.8 years (9.4–15.2) at the time of the first SCIT injection. The overall compliance rate before COVID-19 pandemic was 86.1%. Short SCIT follow-up time and venom anaphylaxis were found to be risk factors for drop out. The leading causes of drop outs were moving to another city/country (32.1%), symptom improvement (17.8%), treatment ineffectiveness (14.2%), and adverse reactions (14.2%). Among the 108 patients that were still receiving SCIT during the COVID-19 pandemic, 31 (28.7%) dropped out the therapy. The most frequent reasons for drop-out were fear of being infected with COVID-19 (35.4%) and thinking that the AIT practise stopped due to COVID-19 pandemic (29%). Male gender and older age were found to be the independent risk factors for drop-out of SCIT. Conclusions: Real life compliance in children was found 13.9% and it was higher than adults. Nearly one-third of children dropped out during the CO­VID-19 pandemic. Male gender and older age are associated with SCIT drop-out during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Dropout rate and cumulative birth outcomes in couples undergoing in vitro fertilization within a funded and actively managed system of care in New Zealand

To determine the dropout rate between the first and second invitro fertilization (IVF) cycles in a controlled population derived from a funded and actively managed system of care in New Zealand, including the reason for dropout and associated cumulative live birth rate. Retrospective cohort. Multicenter IVF practice. Couples qualifying for publicly funded IVF treatment under New Zealand's Clinical Priority Assessment Criteria. Couples (n = 974) started treatment between July 2011 and June 2013, used their own gametes, and were eligible for up to 2 IVF packages of funded care (including the transfer of surplus embryos). None. IVF dropout rate, reason for dropout, and cumulative live birth rate. A low IVF dropout rate between the first and second IVF cycle was reported within this controlled IVF population, with 10% of couples discontinuing treatment for reasons related to stress. The cumulative live birth rate in this "low dropout" population was 59% at the end of treatment, ranging from 72% (≤30 years) to 42% (38-39 years) according to female age. Most patients who discontinued for stress had a good prognosis, and a third of patients still had embryos in cryostorage. Only 30% of those who discontinued used the funded counseling services. A low dropout rate (10%) can be achieved within an actively managed IVF population. This was lower than previously reported, suggesting that prognosis, cost, and treatment management are the significant causes of dropout within the general IVF population. Couples with many embryos also require psychological support because of treatment fatigue or repeated transfers.

Prevention of recurrence of enteric peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis with Escherichia coli Nissle 1917: A case-series study.

Peritonitis is still a major cause of drop-out in peritoneal dialysis (PD) and is often the consequence of the migration of bacteria across the intestinal wall, configuring an enteric peritonitis (EP). EP is usually caused by commensals of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, it relapses commonly and may result in catheter removal. Currently, no specific therapeutic measures are available to effectively prevent recurrence of EP, thus we reported our clinical experience with use of probiotics Escherichia coli Nissle (EcN). This is a case-series study performed in PD patients affected by recurrent peritonitis due to GI commensals. In these patients, we added prophylactic treatment with EcN 100 mg twice a day (in addition to 10 days monthly of 200 mg rifaximin) to the standard management of peritonitis. We enrolled 14 PD patients (mean age: 53.1 ± 11.9 years; 67% males; dialysis vintage: 7.5 (3.1-27.7) months; 64% automated PD). Causative organisms were Escherichia coli (N=5), Klebsiella pneumoniae (N=3), Enterococcus faecalis (N=2), Enterobacter cloacae (N=2), Aeromonas caviae (N=1), Streptococcus gallolyticus (N=1). No exit-site infection was associated with peritonitis. Patients were successfully treated with intra-peritoneal antibiotics adjusted to culture results and antibiotic sensitivities for 14-21 days. During the subsequent 18 months of follow-up, no recurrence of EP was registered. No adverse effect was reported. In PD patients, the use of EcN is associated with no recurrence of EP. Further studies or clinical trials are needed to confirm our results.

Biased estimation with shared parameter models in the presence of competing dropout mechanisms.

Recently, Thomadakis etal. quantified potential sources of bias that can occur when shared parameter (SP) models are used to jointly model longitudinal trends of a biomarker over time (e.g., a slope) and time-to-dropout in an effort to address concerns over possible informative censoring. Although SP models induce no bias under a missingness completely at random dropout mechanism, the authors demonstrate that bias can occur under a missingness at random (MAR) dropout mechanism wherein dropout depends on the observed biomarker data. To address this, the authors propose including the most recent observed marker value within the hazard function for the time-to-dropout portion of an SP model. They demonstrate via a limited simulation that the proposed model minimizes bias under a specific MAR dropout mechanism and a specific missingness not-at-random dropout mechanism. In the present article, we compare and contrast their work with that of previous authors by illustrating via simulation and an example the degree of bias or lack thereof that can occur when applying SP models, particularly, in the presence of competing dropout mechanisms. We propose the use of a competing risk SP model as a means to minimize bias whenever competing dropout mechanisms are suspected assuming the competing mechanisms result from distinct observable causes ofdropout.

Offering, participation and adherence to cardiac rehabilitation programmes in the elderly: a European comparison based on the EU-CaRE multicentre observational study.

Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is strongly recommended but participation of elderly patients has not been well characterized. This study aims to analyse current rates and determinants of CR referral, participation, adherence, and compliance in a contemporary European cohort of elderly patients. The EU-CaRE observational study included data from consecutive patients aged ≥ 65 with acute coronary syndrome, revascularization, stable coronary artery disease, or heart valve replacement, recruited in eight European centres. Rates and factors determining offering, participation, and adherence to CR programmes and compliance with training sessions were studied across centres, under consideration of extensive-outpatient vs. intensive-inpatient programmes. Three thousand, four hundred, and seventy-one patients were included in the offering and participation analysis. Cardiac rehabilitation was offered to 80.8% of eligible patients, formal contraindications being the main reason for not offering CR. Mean participation was 68.0%, with perceived lack of usefulness and transport issues being principal barriers. Mean adherence to CR programmes of participants in the EU-CaRE study (n = 1663) was 90.3%, with hospitalization/physical impairment as principal causes of dropout. Mean compliance with training sessions was 86.1%. Older age was related to lower offering and participation, and comorbidity was associated with lower offering, participation, adherence, and compliance. Intensive-inpatient programmes displayed higher adherence (97.1% vs. 85.9%, P < 0.001) and compliance (full compliance: 66.0% vs. 38.8%, P < 0.001) than extensive-outpatient programmes. In this European cohort of elderly patients, older age and comorbidity tackled patients' referral and uptake of CR programmes. Intensive-inpatient CR programmes showed higher completion than extensive-outpatient CR programmes, suggesting this formula could suit some elderly patients.

Evasão no Ensino Superior em cursos presenciais: uma proposta preventiva por meio de um tratamento estatístico

O trabalho teve por objetivo propor o tratamento estatístico para investigar possíveis causas da evasão em uma Instituição do Ensino Superior (IES). O método estatístico adotado traçou o perfil do aluno propenso à evasão em função de tabelas de contingência, o que permite usar o teste qui-quadrado para avaliar a associação entre evasão e situação socioeconômica. Os resultados delinearam o perfil: gênero masculino da faixa etária de 16 a 20 anos, solteiro, não é egresso do terceiro grau; conhecimento satisfatório da língua inglesa; básico de informática, empregado, pertence à família de renda mensal igual ou inferior a 1,5 salário mínimo, sem descontinuidade do ensino médio particular para o superior.

Deserción escolar en la educación superior en México: revisión de literatura

El objetivo de este trabajo fue realizar una revisión de literatura para conocer algunas definiciones, así como las causas que generan la deserción escolar en el nivel universitario. El enfoque metodológico empleado fue cualitativo, para lo cual se tomaron en cuenta los métodos bibliográfico, histórico-lógico, analítico, sintético y descriptivo; el proceso de revisión literaria permitió determinar y extraer la información más destacada contenida en diferentes fuentes, como la ofrecida en los portales Scielo, Redalyc, Dialnet, así como en los buscadores Google Scholar y Mendely. Algunas de las causas señaladas en el presente documento en torno a la deserción escolar tienen que ver con las fallas latentes en los planes y programas de estudio, las deficiencias en la preparación y actualización del personal docente, las dificultades familiares que debe enfrentar el estudiante o la carencia de un objetivo o proyecto de vida de su parte. En conclusión, se puede afirmar que las instituciones de educación superior deben involucrarse de forma más activa en dicho fenómeno, lo cual se puede lograr actualizando sus programas académicos e incluyendo estrategias didácticas, asesorías y seguimiento a los estudiantes mediante tutorías. Asimismo, se debe trabajar en el aspecto emocional de los estudiantes, para lo cual se debe lograr establecer empatía para facilitar la adaptación, en especial en el primer año universitario.

Effectiveness of saline water and lidocaine injection treatment of intractable plantar keratoma: a randomised feasibility study

BackgroundAn intractable plantar keratoma (IPK) is a conical thickening of the epidermis’ stratum corneum and a common cause of foot pain which can have a significant, detrimental impact on the mobility, quality of life and independence of individuals. Conservative treatments are currently offered to patients with IPK, but they are unsatisfactory since they do not offer a sufficient or permanent reduction of symptoms. The purpose of this study was the evaluation of the feasibility, safety and effectiveness of innovative treatments for intractable plantar keratoma (IPK).MethodsA randomized single blind trial with 40 patients divided with block randomization in four parallel groups was conducted to compare treatment combinations: conservative sharp debridement only or sharp debridement with needle insertion, physiological water injection or lidocaine injection. All patients obtained the same treatment four times at a four-week interval. At each visit, visual analog scale (VAS), Foot Function Index (FFI) and IPK size were evaluated. VAS and FFI were also completed at a six and twelve-month follow-up.ResultsOur findings in regards to feasibility demonstrated recruitment challenges because of the anticipated pain that would be provoked by needle insertion may not be worth the potential pain relief compared to debridement alone from the patient’s perspective. This was also the principal cause of drop out. Our preliminary results show no main effect of group for any of the clinical outcomes: pain felt on VAS, FFI score, IPK’s size (p > 0.05). However, the analysis revealed a statistically significant effect of time on VAS (p < 0.001), FFI score (p < 0.001) and IPK’s size (width and depth (p < 0.001); length (p = 0.001)), but no group x time interaction was found (p > 0.05).ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that IPK treatment consisting of sharp debridement with needle insertion, physiological saline water injection or lidocaine injection is feasible and safe. There was a non-statistically significant trend toward diminishing pain intensity compared to scalpel debridement alone. The pain provoked by needle insertion and injection treatments must be addressed with a scientifically proven protocol to make it more comfortable for patients before these treatments could be considered in further studies.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04777227. 2 March, 2021 - Retrospectively registered (All participants were recruited prior to registration).

Urgent vs. early-start peritoneal dialysis: patients' profile and outcomes.

ABSTRACTIntroduction:Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been considered a safe option of therapy in end-stage renal disease patients with urgent need of dialysis. Recently, it was proposed that Urgent-Start-PD (US-PD) be defined when PD starts within 72 hours after catheter placement and “early start” PD (ES-PD) when PD starts between 3 and 14 days after. We aimed to compare demographic and clinical characteristics between patients in US-PD and ES-PD as well as 30-day complications, 6-month hospitalization, and dropout rate.Methods:Adult patients starting PD within 14 days after catheter insertion (October/2016 - February/2019) were included and divided into US-PD group and ES-PD group based on the their PD initiation time. Clinical and demographic data, fill volume for the first PD session, 30-day complications, 6-month hospitalization, and dropout rate were assessed.Results:In our study, 72 patients were analyzed (US-PD=40, ES-PD=32) with mean age of 53.2±15.2 years old. No differences between US-PD and ES-PD regarding demographic characteristics, 30-day complications, 6-month hospitalization, and dropout events were found. The most frequent short-term complication in patients who started PD urgently was leakage. The most common cause of dropout was transfer to HD.Conclusion:Fifty five percent of our sample started PD less than 72 hours after catheter insertion. The lack of difference in the measured outcomes compared to patients that had therapy initiated after this period encourages the use of urgent PD when needed.