Cause Of Condemnation Research Articles

Common conditions leading to cattle carcass and offal condemnations at 3 abattoirs in the Western Province of Zambia and their zoonotic implications to consumers

From a total of 32 717 cattle slaughtered, 183 whole carcass condemnations were attributable to 9 diseases and conditions, namely, tuberculosis (TB), cysticercosis, emaciation, generalised lymphadenitis, jaundice, abscesses, moribund, sarcosporidiosis and odour. Bovine TB was the most important cause of condemnations (152/183, 83.1%). Bovine cysticercosis and sarcosporidiosis accounted for 5/183 (2.7%) and 8/183 (4.4%), respectively, while each of the remaining conditions contributed less. Among the many conditions responsible for offal/organ condemnations were fascioliasis, contagious bovine pleuropneumonia, hydatidosis and TB. In terms of number and weight, Fasciola gigantica infections made livers and lungs the most condemned offals (20.1% and 0.7%, respectively). Hydatidosis was the cause of 0.9% lung and 0.1% liver losses. Cysticercus bovis contributed to only 0.05% of all inspected tongues, hearts, and heads. TB was very rare in heads (0.01%). The financial impact of whole carcasses and offals condemned during the study period was enormous and deprived livestock farmers of the much needed revenue and consumers of protein sources. Much or all of the condemned material that could have been useful was wasted by not being retrieved for conversion to processed meat, bone meal or pet food. Failure to detect lesions of potential zoonotic diseases at slaughter poses a health risk to consumers especially when meat is eaten undercooked.

LEARNING VECTOR QUANTIZATION FOR COLOR CLASSIFICATION OF DISEASED AIR SACS IN CHICKEN CARCASSES

The variation in color features observed during the evolution of air–sacculitis in chicken carcasses is exploited to classify the disease using digital imaging and neural networks. For the experiments, air–sacculitis was induced by secondary infected of E. coli via direct inoculation of challenge bacteria. Mild and severely infected samples were obtained and imaged. For the supervised classification, a knowledge base set of normalized RGB values, corresponding to negative, mild, and severely infected air sac images, was obtained. Statistical data exploration indicated no significant difference between the color features of mild and severely infected sacs, but a significant difference was found between infected and negative tissues. A neural network using the learning vector quantization algorithm classified the data in infected and negative categories. Resubstitution and hold–out errors were calculated, giving an overall accuracy in the classification of 96.7%. Each poultry carcass sold in the U.S. must be visually inspected for its wholesomeness by a USDA inspector, with air–sacculitis being the major cause of condemnation in poultry processing plants. The method presented here has the potential for integration in a computer–assisted inspection of wholesomeness in poultry processing lines.

Causes of Condemnation of Carcasses and Organs in Goats in Tanzania

Abstract Kusiluka, L.J.M., Kambarage, D.M., Daborn, C.J., Matthewman, R.W. and Harrison, L.J.S. 1995. Causes of condemnation of carcasses and organs in goats in Tanzania. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 8:185–189. Meat inspection records were analysed in order to determine the causes of condemnation in goats between 1990–93. A total of 181,170 goats were slaughtered during this period. The major causes of liver condemnation were Stilesia hepatica (35.40%o), abscesses (11.81%o), Cysticercus tenuicollis (10.69%o) and cloudy swelling (5.21%o). Minor causes were fascioliasis, calcified cysts, jaundice and hapatitis. Major causes of lung condemnation were pneumonia (21.75%o), congestion (14.70%o), abscesses (7.01%o) and anthracosis (1.71%o). Pimply gut and enteritis were respectively responsible for 3.16% and 0.24%o condemned intestines. Nephritis and abscesses were the only recorded causes of kidney and head condemnation respectively. Caseous lymphadenitis and extensive bruising were respectively responsible for 0.73%o ...

Disease conditions responsible for condemnation of carcasses and organs in short-horn Zebu cattle slaughtered in Tanzania

A retrospective study (1987–1989) of disease conditions in slaughter animals was carried out in Morogoro Region in the Eastern zone of Tanzania. The study was based on pathological conditions responsible for condemnations of whole carcasses and organs. The results show that the main causes of condemnations of whole carcasses were tuberculosis (44%), emaciation (28%) and Cysticercus bovis (16%). Heads were condemned because of abscesses (55%) and tuberculosis (30%), whereas C. bovis (54%) and calcified cysts (46%) were responsible for condemnations of tongues. Liver flukes (70%) and calcified cysts (13%) were the major causes of liver condemnations. Causes of condemnation of kidneys were infarcts (60%), hydronephrosis (19%) and nephritis (14%), whereas those responsible for the lungs were pneumonia (51%), emphysema (22%), pleurisy (14%) and hydatidosis (8%). Pericarditis (36%), calcified cysts (35%) and C. bovis (17%) were observed in condemned hearts.

Taenia saginata cysticercosis in cattle with special reference to its prevalence, pathogenesis and economic implications in Fars Province of Iran

The study was carried out during a 3-year period. Of 9501 cattle examined, 736 (7.7%) were infected with cysticerci of Taenia saginata. The endemic foci were identified and prevalence was significantly higher ( P < 0.005) in animals from Noorabad Mammasani (10.7%), Kenareh (10.0%) and Shiraz area (8.5%) than elsewhere. The prevalence was significantly higher ( P < 0.005) during spring and autumn seasons. There was no variation in the infection rate in animals of different age groups, suggesting that immunity was acquired to super-infection. The most common sites were muscle of the shoulder (26.3%) and masseter (23.7%), tongue (24.9%) and heart (23.4%). Pharynx, oesophagus and diaphragm showed 0.9, 0.5 and 0.4% infection, respectively. The metacestode caused extensive damage resulting in infiltrative, degenerative changes, haemorrhages, necrosis and exudation mainly in the vicinity of cysts. The infection was the cause of condemnation of 34.6% of infected carcases. The rejected carcases and infected organs were valued at 100.1 million Rials over the 3-year period.

Pyaemia in pigs

Pyaemia is by far the most important cause of condemnation in pigs slaughtered in Singapore abattoirs. Between 1983 and 1987, 1757 from a total of 4 899 731 pigs were condemned by meat inspectors for pyaemia, accounting for 0.036% of the total condemnations. The common post-mortem findings of affected pigs during the 5-year period are presented. Abscesses were most commonly seen in the liver (22%), spleen (21%), gastrohepatic lymph node (20%) and bronchial lymph node (17%). Pseudomonas pseudomallei was the most predominant organism isolated, accounting for 39% of the pyaemic cases. The public health significance of abscesses in pigs is discussed with particular reference to melioidosis.

The Effect of Temperature Exposure on Broiler Condemnation

INTRODUCTIONNUMEROUS correlations between broiler condemnations due to diseases and management factors have been made by various workers (Edgar et al., 1961; Cover, 1961; Clark et al., 1961; and Merkle and Johnson, 1962). Schmittle (1961), in a survey of problem broiler flocks, found that diseases—especially respiratory—in the presence of adverse environmental influences directly affected the condemnation of broilers. Although airsaccultis is but one of the causes of condemnation, Grumbles (1961) concluded that acute viral respiratory infections, especially Newcastle disease and infectious bronchitis, may activate latent Mycoplasma infection, “trigger” field outbreaks of air-sac disease, increase impairment of performance and cause much more severe symptoms and lesions in birds with the CRD-air sac syndrome.From the management stress standpoint Krueger et al. (1961) compared floor space allowances, age of debeaking, and degree of ventilation on the condemnation rate of commercial type broilers. The floor space ranged from 0.6 to 1.2…

Liver Granulomas of Turkeys: Causative Agents and Mechanism of Infection

Granulomas are a common cause of condemnation of turkey livers. Embedded tightly in the liver may be 1-20 or more hard, light-colored, spheroid masses having a dense fibrinous lining surrounding a hard caseous core. Many of these lesions are easily visible on the liver surface. Ordinary bacteriological culture of material from such lesions has often produced negative results, even though bacterial cells have been observed frequently in histological examination of the tissues. This report concerns the isolation of causative agents of liver granulomas in turkeys, and experimental production of the lesions.

Airsacculitis in Turkeys II. Use of Tylosin in the Control of the Egg Transmission of Mycoplasma spp. Other Than Mycoplasma gallisepticum in Turkeys

Airsacculitis in turkeys is one of the important causes of condemnations at the time the birds are inspected for wholesomeness. Field investigations and laboratory studies indicated that Mycoplasma gallisepticum and other Mycoplasma serotypes were associated with a high percentage of the turkeys showing airsacculitis at processing. It is well known that M. gallisepticum produces a severe airsacculitis in turkeys. Recent studies by Dierks (1) indicate that other Mycoplasma are also capable of causing airsacculitis.