Causes Of Slowdown Research Articles

A fuzzy Bayesian network risk assessment model for analyzing the causes of slow-down processes in two-stroke ship main engines

ABSTRACT This paper presents a risk assessment approach for analyzing the causes of malfunction-related main engine slowdowns. A fuzzy Bayesian Network-based methodology is used to assess the factors contributing to the engine’s slow-down processes. The model addresses the complexity and uncertainty inherent in maritime operations with fuzzy sets where numerous interrelated factors can affect engine performance, and the Bayesian network to capture probabilistic dependencies. It considers various potential causes of the slow-down of ship engines that the manufacturer provides. Results demonstrate the model's ability to identify the influential factors leading to engine slow-down events and quantify the overall risk. Integrating fuzzy logic and Bayesian Networks comprehensively assesses relevant risk factors. It enables maritime stakeholders to manage engine performance and improves operational safety proactively. Findings can inform decision-makers, enabling the implementation of targeted maintenance strategies, fuel quality control measures, and crew training programs in the maritime industry.

Measuring cell cycle changes in RBL-2H3 cells upon treatment with n-alcohols.

N-alcohols are model general anesthetics. Past work showed that these hydrophobic molecules partition into membranes and alter miscibility transition temperatures. Past work have also found that factors that impacted rat basophilic leukemia (RBL-2H3) cell growth, such as serum starvation or cell density, also impacted miscibility transition temperatures of vesicles isolated from cells. This poster presents early investigations into if and how n-alcohols modulate cell growth. Preliminary measurements found that cell counts of RBL-2H3 cells are lower after a 24-hour incubation with 1-Butanol and greater after a 24-hour incubation with 1-Hexadecanol. To explore further, we employed a flow cytometry assay of the cell cycle using an EdU-Click reagent that incorporates into S-phase cells and DAPI stain that labels all DNA, allowing for the differentiation of a population of cells into their cell cycle phase. Using this assay, we found a dose dependent increase in cells in G0/G1 phases of the cell cycle after treatment with n-Butanol, without impact on cell size. Ongoing work is exploring the impact of other n-alcohols and possible causes for slow-down of cells through the G1 checkpoint.

Middle-income traps in East Asia: An inquiry into causes for slowdown in income growth

If the middle-income traps were merely equated with prolonged growth slowdowns occurring in the middle-income stage, as it is in some empirical studies, this concept would lose the meaning of existence. This paper proposes a new definition that considers the trap the aggravation of slowdowns due to inadequate responses, such as the adoption of counterproductive policies or the failure to adopt policies conducive to growth. By using data from high-, middle- and low-income economies in East Asia, the paper asks which symptoms we should inspect in order to diagnose the middle-income trap when an economy is having a growth slowdown.

The adaptive changes of homeostasis under the influence of high-intensity physical exercises

The present article was designed to report the results of the investigation into various non-specific adaptive reactions of the organism (NARO) based on the determination of the ratio of lymphocyte to neutrophil levels in the blood of the athletes under conditions of high-intensity training. We evaluated the frequency of different types of adaptive responses in the biathlon skiers at different stages of their annual training cycle. The study has demonstrated the relationship between metabolic changes under the influence of training and the type of adaptive responses. It is concluded that the adaptive stress responses are associated with the increased "metabolic cost" paid for the performance of strenuous exercises which can be a cause of slowdown of the adaptive processes and lead to overtraining.

Variable deceleration of Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica

AbstractThe Whillans Ice Stream Ice Plain (WIP) has been slowing since at least 1963. Prior constraints on this slowdown were consistent with a constant long‐term deceleration rate. New observations of ice velocity from 11 continuous and 3 seasonal GPS sites indicate the deceleration rate varies through time including on interannual time scales. Between 2009 and 2012 WIP decelerated at a rate (6.1 to 10.9 ± 2 m/yr2) that was double the multidecadal average (3.0 to 5.6 ± 2 m/yr2). To identify the causes of slowdown, we used new and prior velocity estimates to constrain longitudinal and transverse force budget models as well as a higher‐order inverse model. All model results support the conclusion that the observed deceleration of WIP is caused by an increase in basal resistance to motion at a rate of 10 to 40 Pa/yr. Subglacial processes that may be responsible for strengthening the ice stream bed include basal freeze on, changes in subglacial hydrology, or increases in the area of resistant basal substrate through differential erosion. The observed variability in WIP deceleration rate suggests that dynamics in subglacial hydrology, plausibly driven by basal freeze on and/or activity of subglacial lakes, plays a key role in modulating basal resistance to ice motion in the region.

The theory of interventionism as an Austrian theory of slowdowns

This paper addresses the question of whether the Austrian theory of interventionism helps us understand what growth economists call decelerations or slowdowns. It is proposed that the theory of stagnation based on non-productive entrepreneurship (Coyne, Sobel and Dove 2010) complements the theory of interventionism, and when they are combined, a theory of slowdowns is the result. The consequences of this theory are used in an empirical investigation whose strategy is based on two hypotheses. One is that the interventionist process has institutional determinants which can be derived from the theory. The other is that interventionism is the mechanism of the slowdown of economic growth not only for those countries that have experienced relatively high growth rates in the past but also for those with normal growth rates. Using logit regressions it is shown that reductions in any area of economic freedom can be seen as one of the causes of slowdowns.

WHY DID JAPAN'S TFP GROWTH SLOW DOWN IN THE LOST DECADE? AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS BASED ON FIRM-LEVEL DATA OF MANUFACTURING FIRMS*

This study analyses the cause of the slowdown in Japan’s TFP growth during the 1990s. Many preceding studies, examining the issue at the macro- or industry-level, have found that the slowdown was primarily due to the stagnation in TFP growth in the manufacturing sector. Using firm level panel data covering the entire sector, we investigate the causes of the TFP slowdown and find that the reallocation of resources from less efficient to more efficient firms was very slow and limited. This “low metabolism” seems to be an important cause for the slowdown in Japan’s TFP growth.