Cattle Breeding Farm Research Articles

The Comparison Between Norotate and Promax Rotations of Biplot Simulation in The Management of Bali Cattle’s Breeding Farms on Integrated Farming System

This study aims to determine the comparison between Norotate Rotation and Promax Rotation (90) of Biplot Simulation in the management of Bali Cattle Breeding Farms on Integrated Farming System (Simantri). It used to determine the difference of coordinates between the variables and also obtain the information about the difference in the proximity of the coordinates between livestock groups.The study conducted on Simantri who had livestock groups in Badung Regency, Bali in which the data collected were analyzed by factor analysis with Norotate Rotation and Promax Rotation (90). The variable of this study was a livestock management which included management of cows, calves, feed, cowshed, environmental,and the objects of the study were thelivestock groups. The Biplot simulation used to determine the coordinates of the livestock groups determined based on the Factor Scores Method Regression Analysis. The results with different rotations caused differences in the magnitude of the arrow angles and directions between management of cows, calves, feeds, cowshed and environmental which also followed by differences in the coordinate systems of the livestock groups. The angle between management of cows, calves, feeds, cowshed, and environmental do not show the magnitude of the correlation between them. It can be stated that the coordinates of Livestock groups on Promax Rotation (90) are more specific than Norotate Rotation, therefore it is easier to distinguish the different scores between the variables on the Livestock groups.

Assessment of Microbiological Indoor Air Quality in Cattle Breeding Farms

ABSTRACT This study, which was conducted on a farm in central Poland from February till April 2019, aimed to evaluate microbiological threats on cattle breeding premises by counting and identifying the microorganisms (via culturing and high-throughput sequencing), assessing the endotoxin concentrations (via gas chromatography-mass spectrometry [GC-MS]) and analysing the secondary metabolites (including mycotoxins) in the air and sedimented dust (via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry [LC-MS/MS]) in six barns. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the dust to the human epithelial lung cell line was determined by using the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay. The concentrations of the total dust in the barns ranged from 0.175 to 0.351 mg m–3, with the dominant fraction (67.4–96.4%) displaying an aerodynamic diameter of < 1 µm. The bacterial and fungal concentrations fell between 7.14 × 103 and 3.88 × 104 CFU m–3, and 5.53 × 101 and 1.30 × 104 CFU m–3, respectively. The microbial population measured in the air and that in the settled dust exhibited a linear relationship, with an R2 of 0.8349–0.9471. We detected 172 and 210 bacterial/archaeal genera and 89 and 43 fungal genera in the dust and in the air, respectively. The dust samples were found to contain endotoxin concentrations of 98.98–178.31 nmol LPS mg–1 and a cytotoxicity of 5.66–13.99 mg mL–1. High-throughput sequencing revealed extensive biodiversity in the microorganisms, which hitherto has not been reported for cattle farms. Of the identified species, those belonging to the genera Bacteroides, Corynebacterium, Staphylococcus, Ruminococcus, Aspergillus and Cladosporium potentially affect human and cattle health. Furthermore, the dust contained 113 chemical compounds, including characteristically fungal metabolites, bacterial metabolites, phytoestrogens and antibiotics. Future research should focus on the epidemiology of farmer exposure to the harmful biological agents discovered in this study.

Ultrasound guided diagnosis of anoestrus and its treatment in postpartum crossbred Holstein-Friesian cows

This study was undertaken to determine the feasibility of using ultrasonography for diagnosis of postpartum anoestrus followed by its effective management and treatment in crossbred (Holstein-Friesian X zebu) cows. A total of 57 crossbred lactating cows with unobserved oestrus for ≥60 days postpartum was examined by ultrasonography at Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF), Savar, Dhaka. Cows were divided into silent oestrus and true anoestrus groups by ultrasonography. The pregnancy was diagnosed transrectally using ultrasonography 28 - 35 days after AI. Cows with silent oestrus were treated with Cloprostenol (500 μg) followed by AI or with 2 doses of Cloprostenol 10 days apart followed by AI at observed oestrus. The true anoestrus cows were supplied with anthelmintic and vitamin ADE injection with balanced nutrition, treated with Gonadorelin (500 μg) followed by AI or with Gonadorelin followed by injecting Cloprostenol at 7 days interval and AI at observed oestrus. All cows with silent oestrus and true anoestrus were divided into different body condition score (BCS), milk yield, age and parity groups to determine their influence on outcome of treatment. Out of 57 anoestrus cows examined, 56% were confirmed as silent oestrus and 44% were confirmed as true anoestrus. In silent oestrus, 71% cows showed cyclicity and 43% became pregnant after treatment with Cloprostenol and 78% cows showed cyclicity and 50% became pregnant after treatment with 2 doses of Cloprostenol 10 days interval (P&gt;0.05). In true anoestrus group, 60% cows showed cyclicity and 40% became pregnant when balanced diet was supplemented. Around 78% cows showed cyclicity and 44% became pregnant after treatment with Gonadorelin and 91% cows showed cyclicity and 55% became pregnant when Gonadorelin was followed by Cloprostenol at 7 days interval (P&gt;0.05). Significant (P&lt;0.05) influence of parity was observed in post-treatment cyclicity in true anoestrus cows. The Bangladesh Veterinarian (2019) 36(1 - 2): 33-41

Recovery of phosphates(V) from wastewaters of different chemical composition

AbstractPhosphate(V) ions were recovered from wastewaters of different chemical compositions in a continuous reaction crystallization of struvite. Two real wastewaters were represented by an effluent sample from the phosphorus mineral fertilizer industry and by liquid manure derived from a cattle-breeding farm. Two other wastewaters were prepared under laboratory conditions. Impurities present in the wastewaters caused the precipitation of solid products of distinctly different quality. The mean size of struvite crystals varied from ca. 18 to ca. 40 μm. Homogeneity within their populations, quantified by the coefficient of variation CV, varied from satisfactory (CV ca. 75%) to unfavorable (CV ca. 100%), which resulted in the elongation of necessary filtration time. Calcium ions in wastewater precipitated as amorphous hydrated calcium phosphates ACP. Their content in the products varied from 33.4 up to 73.1 mass %. Also 28.32 – 32.74 mass % of P2O5, 6.35 – 14.12 mass % of MgO and 4.35 – 16.94 mass % of CaO were confirmed in the products, together with hydroxides of some metals and salts of other impurities. Based on the chemical composition of the products derived from the investigated wastewaters, their application in agriculture as valuable mineral fertilizers is recommended.

Phosphorus Input into Artificial Water Bodies in Kalmykia from Cattle-Breeding Farms

Artificial water bodies in Kalmykia, which is known to have limited water resources, have been constructed for drinking water supply to the population, cattle-breeding, and irrigation. Nowadays, they are heavily polluted by nutrients. The authors’ estimates support the assumption that cattle-breeding (cattle drinking and wastes from cattle-breeding sites) in the drainage basins results in the input of 1–2 t or 20 to 700 g of phosphorus per 1 m2 water surface per year in the absence of other pollutants, thus being the main cause of the fact that phosphorus concentration in all examined water bodies is tens of thousands times greater than the maximal allowable concentration for water bodies used for fishery (MACf). The share of cattle stock in the total phosphorus input is maximal (80%). Phosphorus load is 1–3 orders of magnitude greater than the allowable and critical values for aquatic ecosystem functioning, creating the conditions for eutrophication and making the water of these reservoirs undrinkable even for cattle.

Modeling of lactation curves for prediction of standard lactation milk yield in Marathwadi buffaloes

The present study was carried out on 538 monthly milk yield records of Marathwadi buffaloes maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir Dist-Latur Maharashtra spread over a period of 9 years. The monthly milk yield was recorded at 6th, 36th, 66th and so on till standard lactation with 30 days interval. The goodness of fit of 3 lactation curve models, viz. parabolic exponential function, inverse polynomial function and mixed log function were used on monthly milk yields in Marathwadi buffaloes. The highest coefficient of determination for fitting of lactation curve models was with mixed log function (97.63%), followed by parabolic exponential function (95%) and inverse polynomial function (82.70%). Further, the root mean square error was found least for mixed log function (1.70), followed by parabolic exponential function (3.55) and inverse polynomial function (4.61). It is therefore inferred that mixed log function fitted best for prediction and modeling of lactation curves based upon monthly milk yields.

Prevalence of Brucellosis in Humans and Cattle in Selected Areas of Bangladesh

Introduction: Brucellosis is a recognized public health problem and one of the major causes of morbidity both in humans and animals. It causes abortion and infertility in women and livestock as well.&#x0D; Objective: The research was carried out to know the prevalence and to identify the risk factors of brucellosis in humans and cattle in study areas in Bangladesh.&#x0D; Materials and Methods: The study areas were all Upazilas of Mymensingh, Jamalpur, Rangpur, Kurigram, Bagerhat and Gaibandha district and the Government owned Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF) in Savar, Dhaka for cattle and human samples were collected from Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. A total livestock samples collected were 1043 and human samples were 460. Besides doing all the tests in Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh Medical College and Hospital laboratory Bangladesh, it was done also in Office International des Epizooties (OIE) world reference Laboratory in Jena, Germany.&#x0D; Results: Out of 1043, 28 milk samples (2.68 %) and 23 serum samples (2.21 %) were positive by MRT and RBT respectively. The highest prevalence was 3.05% in the Holstein Friesian cross using MRT, while 2.49% in the Holstein Friesian cows using RBT. Age-wise prevalence of brucellosis by MRT and RBT were 2.06% and 1.23% respectively in 1-4 years age group. On the other hand prevalence of brucellosis based on MRT and RBT were significantly higher (2.88% and 2.50%) in &gt; 5 years age group (p≤0.01) than those of other age groups. Based on parity, significantly higher prevalence 3.07% and 2.58% of MRT and RBT were obtained respectively in parity 3-5 in comparison to other parity group (p≤0.01).In case of human brucellosis 460 blood samples were tested with RBT, SAT, CFT, iELISA, conventional PCR and real time PCR but were negative in all tests. In case of livestock and human brucellosis bacteria were cultured in OIE Reference Laboratory, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, but bacteria were not isolated.&#x0D; Conclusion: The prevalence of brucellosis is asserted in human and cattle in this study although MRT is 1st-line screening tests for brucellosis. Whereas no human samples were found positive for brucellosis in this study.&#x0D; Journal of Armed Forces Medical College Bangladesh Vol.14(1) 2018: 33-36

Histopathological changes of brucellosis in experimentally infected guinea pig

Background: Brucellosis, a chronic infectious and zoonotic disease, is endemic in many countries of the world including Bangladesh, that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry. There are several reports on seroprevalence, risk factors, molecular, epidemiological and review of brucellosis in human and animals but least of histopathological reports in Bangladesh. As laboratory animal species guinea pigs are the most susceptible to Brucella infection in comparison to mice, monkeys, rats and sheep. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the histopathology of brucellosis in guinea pig. Methods: After collection of aborted bovine foetal membranes from the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF), Savar, screened with modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and inoculum (10 CFU/2ml) prepared from positive samples were inoculated into each of ten guinea pig. The guinea pigs were sacrificed after showing positive results from the serum in Rose Bengal test and from blood in rapid kit test 3 weeks post inoculation. Then the gross and histopathological lesions were observed in the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Results: Liver showed congestion, haemorrhage and fatty changes and granuloma formation with infiltration of macrophages. However, only caseous necrosis of splenic follicle was observed in spleen. The major findings in lungs of guinea pig were granuloma, haemorrhage and necrosis of lung parenchyma and mononuclear cellular infiltration. The heart revealed haemorrhagic endocarditis and monocytes infiltration. A variable degree of multifocal accumulation of mononuclear cells infiltration and congestion were found in kidneys. Conclusions: It is concluded that the histopathological changes caused by Brucella spp. are similar to those observed in humans with brucellosis. The animal models, particularly the guinea pig, can be used to study the detail pathogenesis of this organism.

Seasonal Influence on Sexual Behaviour of Jaffrabadi Buffalo Bulls

The study was carried out on four mature Jaffrabadi breeding bulls (4–6 years old) maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, JAU, Junagadh for a period of 8 months during winter and summer. The seasonal and bull variations in sexual behavior traits were studied. A total of 64 observations (32 per season, 8 per bull) were availed at the fortnightly interval. The mean values/ scores for temperament (0–5 scale), libido (0–9 scale), penile erection (0–4 scale), protrusion (0–4 scale), intensity of thrust (0–4 scale), reaction time (sec) and Flehmen reaction (0, 1) during winter season were 1.28 ± 0.08, 6.75 ± 0.19, 3.22 ± 0.74, 2.88 ± 0.59, 3.15 ± 0.65, 125.00 ± 6.92 and 0.91 ± 0.43, respectively, while the respective values in summer season were 2.22 ± 0.07, 5.93 ± 0.43, 2.84 ± 0.65, 2.75 ± 0.59, 2.93 ± 0.13, 143.5 ± 7.07 and 0.88 ± 0.06. There were significant differences among seasons for temperament, libido and penile erection score of Jaffrabadi bulls. Significant differences among bulls were also found for libido score, the intensity of thrust and reaction time in the winter season, and for ejaculatory thrust in the summer season. All these traits were highly significantly and positively interrelated (r = 0.353 to 0.512), except Flehmen reaction and reaction time which were negatively correlated with all other behavioral traits (r = –340 to –0.499). Summer in general significantly exerted an adverse effect on the sexual behavior of Jaffrabadi bulls, and winter was the favored season. It could be concluded from the study that the Jaffrabadi bulls had good sexual behavior scores throughout both the seasons, however, bulls showed better sexual behavior during winter as compared to summer.

Body Weight and Blood Biochemical Changes Following Nutritional Supplementation in Prepubertal Jaffrabadi Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Heifers

The high plan of nutrition right from an early age is believed to enhance ovarian activity and early onset of puberty in heifers. This study was therefore conducted to know the body weight, ovarian and blood biochemical changes in nutritionally supplemented and control groups of prepubertal Jaffrabadi buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) heifers. A total of 12 animals of 30 ± 2 month's age and the identical body weight of 380–410 kg from Cattle Breeding Farm, JAU, Junagadh were utilized for this study. They were randomly divided into two equal groups of 6 animals in each treatment and control groups. The heifers of the treatment group were supplemented with bypass fat (100 g), bypass protein (950 g) and chelated mineral mixture (50 g) over the routine farm feeding practices of control group, and its effect on body weight gain and blood biochemical profiles were studied at a monthly interval during 6 months of experimental period. The overall effect of nutritional supplementation on animals body weight, blood glucose and total cholesterol over the control group was statistically non-significant (p greator than 0.05) yet beneficial. The plasma total protein levels in the supplemented group increased with a duration of supplement and levels were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher over the control group. The ovarian dynamics evaluated by transrectal ultrasound during last three months of the study revealed an increasing number of growing follicles greator than 4 mm in diameters (5.00 ± 0.13 to 6.67 ± 0.40), without significant variation in diameters of largest follicles (9.14 ± 0.45 to 10.27 ± 0.85 mm) between groups or periods. However, none of the heifers exhibited behavioral signs of estrus during 6 months study, in spite of the establishment of cyclicity with the presence of developed follicles, or CLs suggesting silent ovulation, at 36 ± 2 months of age in this breed.

Screening of Hardhenu Crossbred, Sahiwal and Hariana Bulls for Autosomal Recessive Genetic Disorder Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD)

The present study involved screening of Hardhenu crossbred, Sahiwal and Hariana bulls for autosomal recessive genetic disorder i.e Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) using PCR based techniques. BLAD is a lethal autosomal recessive disease caused due to a point mutation (A→G) at nucleotide 383 in the CD18 gene which results in substitution of aspartic acid with glycine in the adhesion glycoprotein CD18. All animals under study were maintained at Cattle Breeding Farm, LalaLajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Science (LUVAS), Hisar, India. About 5 ml blood was collected aseptically from jugular vein puncture into EDTA containing tubes, transported to the animal genomics laboratory and stored at-20°C until genomic DNA extraction, which was carried out using Phenol Chloroform method. The targeted genomic area of interest was amplified by using simple PCR technique. The amplified PCR products were digested with TaqI restriction enzyme. The targeted amplicon of 357 bp after digestion of the PCR product, the normal allele in unaffected bull produced two fragments of 201 bp and 156 bp. All the animals under study were found to be free from Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency. The molecular screening revealed that none of the bulls screened under study was carrier for BLAD. The present study suggests that the PCR and PCR-RFLP based technique could be employed as an efficient technique for screening of various genetic disorders for identification of carriers or affected animals before using them in breeding programs to minimize the spread of defective allele.

LYSIS TEST AND BIOASSAY FOR EXPERIMENTAL INFECTION OF CALVES WITH BUXTONELLA TO DETERMINE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DRUG CYSTODESIS

To combat the parasitic protozoa of cattle and, above all, eimeriosis, preparations have been proposed that are effective against both exogenous and endogenous stages. Such studies have not been conducted before in relation to cattle buxtonellosis. The lysis test was performed with various concentrations of the cystodesis drug, and the bioassay was carried out to determine the effectiveness of the drug for disinvasion. The efficacy of disinvasion in the appointment of different concentrations of the drug cystodesis, as well as 4% concentration of the basic drug phenol was determined based on the percentage reduction in the allocation of cysts Buxtonella after exposure to the above-mentioned drugs and concentrations compared to calves infected controls, which were prescribed 200 cysts / ml. Intensity of the drug Cystodesis in 3% concentration was 97.9%, and in concentrations of 4 and 5%, the drug showed 100% efficiency. Conducted production tests showed that the complex preparation of cystodesis 4% for disinvasion of environmental objects in cattle farms in a dose of 0.5 l per 1 m2 at an exposure of 2 hours showed 92.32% intensity against cysts Buxtonella. The proposed tool, which includes the use of a complex concentrated drug cystodesis against cysts Buxtonella, provides high intensity efficacy for cattle buxtonellosis. Studies of domestic and foreign scientists have established that every cattle-breeding farm that practices stall-walking maintenance with the use of pastures is unfavorable for parasitic diseases and, above all, for parasitic protozoa, among which buxtonellosis is most common due to the extensiveness of invasion. According to the literature in the intestines of cattle of different ages, one type of ciliates of Buxtonella sulcata parasitizes.To combat the parasitic protozoa of cattle and, above all, eimeriosis, preparations have been proposed that are effective against both exogenous and endogenous stages. Such studies have not been conducted before in relation to cattle buxtonellosis. Based on the above, the problem of cattle buxtonellosis sets the task of researchers to develop measures to combat both exogenous and endogenous stages of invasion development and, above all, to develop a method for disinvasion of environmental objects against cysts Buxtonella.

DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN KIROVOGRAD REGION

DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING IN KIROVOGRAD REGION

Analysis of feed conversion efficiency in dairy cattle farms in Thrace Region, Turkey

This study is conducted in Turkey, which is free of the disease in animal production in the Thrace region. Cattle milk production is approximately 19 million tons in Turkey and the milk yield per cattle is 3.14 tons year−1. The aim of this study is to examine the feed conversion rates of dairy cattle farms in Thrace Region both in terms of energy efficiency and from an economic point of view and to make suggestions for increasing the energy efficiency. In addition, to reveal the economic achievement criteria by analyzing according to farm size. A face to face survey is conducted with 220 dairy cattle farms. Scores of the energy use efficiency obtained in the study ranged between 0.19 for the group I farms and 0.43 for the group IV farms. The results of the energy productivity vary between 0.06 kg MJ−1 and 0.14 kg MJ−1 according to the farm size. The feed conversion ratio in the region is calculated as 125.07%. The benefit-cost ratio of the region is calculated at 1.22. In order to increase efficiency scores in the region, agricultural policies should be developed in order to encourage efficiency in the use of input in cattle breeding farms.

PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PRE-WEANED CALVES REARED IN THE PANTANAL

Abstract Early weaning (EW) has been adopted in cattle breeding farms in Pantanal as a strategy to increase the rate of pregnancy in cows. The primary income of these properties is the production of beef calves, and the price of these animals depends on their weight. Therefore, the calves subjected to EW should present weight similar to or higher than those of calves subjected to conventional weaning (CW). This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of pure (Nellore) calves and crossbred (Nellore/Angus) calves reared in the Pantanal and subjected to either EW or CW. After EW, the calves were supplemented with concentrate at 1 kg/animal/day (low-energy diet) or 1% of live weight (high-energy diet). The weights adjusted to 300 days of age were higher for EW calves fed the high-energy diet (p&lt;0.01) in both genetic groups. No significant differences were observed in the weight of EW animals fed the low-energy diet and CW animals (p&gt;0.01), and animal weight was 241.17 and 236.27 kg in crossbred calves and 184.44 and 189.78 in Nellore calves, respectively. The EW adopted in this experimental model did not affect the productive performance of calves raised in the Pantanal.

РЕЗИСТЕНТНОСТЬ ПРИРОДНЫХ ПОПУЛЯЦИЙ MUSCA DOMESTICA L. К СОВРЕМЕННЫМ ИНСЕКТИЦИДАМ

To plan and improve the efficiency of disinsection measures at livestock and poultry facilities, the information on the susceptibility of houseflies to modern insecticides is needed. The goal of this study was to determine the susceptibility level to fipronil, acetamiprid, ivermectin, and chlorfenapyr in Musca domestica L. field populations inhabiting agricultural facilities. The study was conducted in one poultry and in two livestock farms. The susceptibility of M. domestica adults of the first generation to insecticides was assessed by the method of dosed contacting, after which the median lethal doses and the resistance ratio were calculated relative to the laboratory culture. According to the results, the fly population from a cattlebreeding farm, in which neonicotinoid fly baits were used for ten years, was highly resistant to acetamiprid (resistance ratio 57) and tolerant to ivermectin (resistance ratio 10). The fly population from poultry farms, in which neonicotinoids were used as baits against flies for four years, was tolerant to acetamiprid (resistance ratio 5). The fly population from a livestock farm, in which insecticides have not been used for more than five years, was susceptible to all insecticides tested. The obtained results and literature data confirmed that the rate of the development of insecticide resistance in field populations of M. domestica depends on the form and duration of the application of insecticide formulations.

Herd Structure, Performance Traits, Pattern of Calving and Culling in an Organized Large Herd of Gir Cattle

Herd structure and herd performance traits of Gir herd of Cattle Breeding Farm, JAU, Junagadh, Gujarat was studied utilizing monthly data over a period of 10 years (2001-2010). A herd with an average of 110 Gir cows had average total strength of 388.38±3.09 and total adult units (AUs) of 259.27 ±13.42. The total females present in the herd were 71.82%. The Gir herd consisted of 28.98 % cows, 22.02 % breedable heifers, 22.34 % calves (female + male) and 12.33 % males above 1 year. Wet average and herd average were 6.77±0.10 and 3.84±0.06 lit/d/cow, and % milch cows and number of milch cows were 57.03±0.85 and 63.12±1.42, respectively. Effect of month was significant on the herd average only. All herd performance traits were significantly influenced by year. Return over feed cost (ROFC) at variable feed cost was estimated to be 116.36±4.24 % at market rate of milk. Calving incidence was significantly (P less than 0.05) influenced by month. Majority (42.08 %) of calving occurred during September to December. Of 562 animals disposed of, the maximum proportion (33.96 %) was cows principally due to old age (&gt;6 lactation) and low yield. Maximum cows, 26.21% were disposed of in their 3rd lactation. Growing/breeding males were sold @ 28.57% and castrated males to the tune of 22.32 %. The correlations among the herd structure and performance traits of the herd were negative, medium in magnitude and significant, - 0.21 to - 0.29 with wet average, -0.16 to -0.21 with herd average and -0.25 to -0.73 (P less than 0.05) with % ROFC. For the Gir herd under the study, herd structure of 30-33% cows, 18-21% breedable heifers and 72-75% total female proportion resulted in optimum wet average (&gt;7.32 lit/d/milch cow) and herd average (&gt; 4.17 lit/d/cow) and also higher ROFC &gt;139.6 %.

Динамика антител в крови и молозиве коров, иммунизированных трехкомпонентной вирусно-бактериальной вакциной

The article presents the results of testing the immune status of cows vaccinated with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine. It was found that vaccine induces in deep-seated cows a high titers of serum antibodies to the bovine rotavirus and coronavirus, as well as adhesines of E. coli. Purpose. To study the dynamics of the formation of antibodies in the blood and colostrum of cows immunized with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine. Materials and methods. Cows were immunized with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine (approved on January 27, 2014) in a cattle-breeding farm in the Vologda Oblast, unfavorable for gastrointestinal infections. The obtained material was examined for the presence of antibodies to the rota- and coronavirus using the ELISA method, using the ANTI-TELA-RODIKOR-ELISA VIEV kit, anti-adhesive antibodies in colostrum were detected in the developed agglutination reaction. Results. The immune response to the introduction of the vaccine produced by FGBNU VIEV was detected in all animals, whereas in the serum of cows in the control groups it was significantly lower. In the colostrum of the first milk yield, the titers of antibodies to the rota and coronavirus were significantly higher compared with the control ones. All indicators indicate sufficient antigenic activity of the tested vaccine. Conclusion. Studies have shown that immunization of pregnant cows with a three-component viral-bacterial vaccine contributes to the development of antibodies to the components of the drug in sufficiently high titers, which will ensure a high level of colostral immunity in newborn calves.

Развитие сельского хозяйства даурского автономного хошуна Морин-Дава в 1980–1990 гг.

The article studies the development of agriculture of the Morin-Dawa Daur Autonomous Region during the period of socio-economic reforms in China. The author analyzes the development of the mechanized agricultural group Kayadurben and studies the mechanization of agriculture, the development of cattle breeding and subsidiary farming of the Daur people.

Ormation of protective factors of lamb organism depending on genetic potential

In the article results of researches of formation of the immune status of sheep of Cigai, Volgograd and Edilbaev breeds grown in cattle-breeding farms of Right bank of the Saratov region in the age dynamics are given.Adaptation of young animals is most fully characterized by immunological parameters: phagocytic, bactericidal and lysozyme activity in blood serum.The results of the studies showed that the parameters of immunity in sheep of all studied breeds had values that spoke of the high level of adaptationof animals.It was found that all immune indicators the edilbaev lambs had an advantage over other breeds throughout the experiment.This indicates the early maturity of the lambs of this breed and their better adaptation in the climatic conditions of the Saratov region.