Abstract
Background: Brucellosis, a chronic infectious and zoonotic disease, is endemic in many countries of the world including Bangladesh, that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry. There are several reports on seroprevalence, risk factors, molecular, epidemiological and review of brucellosis in human and animals but least of histopathological reports in Bangladesh. As laboratory animal species guinea pigs are the most susceptible to Brucella infection in comparison to mice, monkeys, rats and sheep. Hence, this study was undertaken to determine the histopathology of brucellosis in guinea pig. Methods: After collection of aborted bovine foetal membranes from the Central Cattle Breeding and Dairy Farm (CCBDF), Savar, screened with modified Ziehl-Neelsen staining method and inoculum (10 CFU/2ml) prepared from positive samples were inoculated into each of ten guinea pig. The guinea pigs were sacrificed after showing positive results from the serum in Rose Bengal test and from blood in rapid kit test 3 weeks post inoculation. Then the gross and histopathological lesions were observed in the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Results: Liver showed congestion, haemorrhage and fatty changes and granuloma formation with infiltration of macrophages. However, only caseous necrosis of splenic follicle was observed in spleen. The major findings in lungs of guinea pig were granuloma, haemorrhage and necrosis of lung parenchyma and mononuclear cellular infiltration. The heart revealed haemorrhagic endocarditis and monocytes infiltration. A variable degree of multifocal accumulation of mononuclear cells infiltration and congestion were found in kidneys. Conclusions: It is concluded that the histopathological changes caused by Brucella spp. are similar to those observed in humans with brucellosis. The animal models, particularly the guinea pig, can be used to study the detail pathogenesis of this organism.
Highlights
The guinea pigs that were tested negative for brucellosis by RBT and rapid kit test were selected for inoculation
The suspected organs spleen, lymph node, liver and lungs were collected in 10% neutral buffered formalin for histopathology
Histopathology For histologic and morphologic analysis, tissue sections were processed in an automatic tissue
Summary
Brucellosis, a chronic infectious and zoonotic disease, is endemic in many countries of the world including Bangladesh (Rahman et al., 2017; Silva et al, 2011) that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry (Silva et al, 2011).The Gram-negative bacteria infect a diverse array of land and aquatic mammals, including swine, cattle, goat, sheep, dogs, dolphins, whales, seals, and desert wood rats (Franco et al, 2007; Hartigan, 1997) characterized by nonspecific symptoms, including undulant fever, weight loss, depression, hepatomegaly, and splenomegaly.Localized infections in various organs such as liver, spleen, mammary glands, uterus, epididymis, testis, etc. with histopathological changes in acute cases but osteoarticular, hepatobiliary, articular, spinal and neurological, or cardiovascular complications involves in chronic cases (Silva et al, 2011; Corbel, 2006; Almuneef and Memish, 2003; Young et al., 2014). Brucellosis, a chronic infectious and zoonotic disease, is endemic in many countries of the world including Bangladesh (Rahman et al., 2017; Silva et al, 2011) that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry (Silva et al, 2011). Brucellosis, a chronic infectious and zoonotic disease, is endemic in many countries of the world including Bangladesh, that affects humans and animals, leading to significant impact on public health and animal industry. The gross and histopathological lesions were observed in the liver, spleen, heart, lungs, and kidneys. Results: Liver showed congestion, haemorrhage and fatty changes and granuloma formation with infiltration of macrophages. The major findings in lungs of guinea pig were granuloma, haemorrhage and necrosis of lung parenchyma and mononuclear cellular infiltration.
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