Goal Categories Research Articles

Goals for Adolescent Participation in Organized Youth Programs: Views From Adolescent-Parent Dyads

This study investigated the goals adolescents and parents have for the adolescent’s participation in an organized youth program. Open-ended interviews were conducted with 52 adolescents from 13 project-based youth programs and one of their caregivers. Adolescents (aged 13–18; 56% female) were ethnically diverse (46% Latinx, 29% European American, 19% African American, and 6% other). Caregivers ( M age 43.15 years) were predominantly female (80%) and biological or adoptive parents (94%); about half had been born in the United States. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were conducted to examine goal content and congruence between adolescents and parents. Interview data were inductively coded following a consensus team approach. Thirteen goal categories were identified: nine were described by both adolescents and parents (e.g., skill-building and socialization) and two were unique to adolescents and two to parents. More than half (56%) of adolescent-parent dyads reported at least one matching goal. In general, adolescents tended to emphasize short-term objectives and parents long-term outcomes. Collectively, findings indicate that adolescents and their parents view organized programs as salient contexts to pursue youth’s personal goals. Findings have implications for theory, research, and practice.

“Many are the plans”: An analysis of goals described by youth ministry leaders

This article examines the content and appraisals of youth ministry leader goals. Responses to an open-ended survey question by 378 leaders primarily working in the United States who held significant responsibility for the discipleship of high school-aged young people in their ministries were coded, resulting in 29 categories of goals. Participants named goals associated with service, relationships in general, relationships with God, biblical/gospel knowledge, and discipleship most frequently. Leaders rated each goal according to factors that contribute to goal achievement and well-being. Appraisals of goal difficulty (“this goal involves challenge”), clarity (“this goal is well-defined”), satisfaction with progress (“this goal is moving forward satisfactorily”), and support (“other leaders and congregants encourage the pursuit of this goal”) varied significantly across goals. Of note, participants rated discipleship and partnerships with parents/families as progressing the least satisfactorily and as some of the most difficult goals. By contrast, participants rated service goals as some of the least difficult and most clear. The content and appraisals of these goals bear implications for both the psychological study of goals and strivings and for ministry practice.

Patient Goal-directed Care in an Orthopaedic Spine Specialty Clinic.

Using health-related goals to direct care could improve quality and reduce cost of medical care; however, the effect of these goals for patients with spinal pathologies is not well understood. The purpose of this study was to describe patient-reported goals by provider type and to evaluate the effect of patient-provider goal awareness on patient satisfaction and treatment pathway. A pilot program was instituted in which all new or existing patients scheduled with either a single spine surgeon or a nonsurgical spine nurse practitioner were asked to complete a paper survey instrument regarding their goals of care before their visit. The patient goals were then discussed between the provider and the patient. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to evaluate relationships between patient goals, provider seen, diagnosis, and treatment recommendations. There were 703 respondents to the survey, of whom 416 were included for subgroup analysis. Patient-reported goals varied by provider type. When examining rates of recommended interventions by patient goals, notable differences were observed for 7 of the 13 goal categories. Significant differences in intervention recommendations by provider type existed for physical therapy, medications, MRI, and surgery (all P < 0.001). After controlling for other variables, seeing a surgeon, thoracolumbar pathology, and goals of "return to activity or social events I enjoy," and "learn about spine surgery" were significant independent predictors of recommendation for surgery (all odds ratio > 3 and P < 0.05). This model generated an area under the curve of 0.923 (95% confidence interval, 0.861 to 0.986), indicating outstanding discrimination in predicting recommendation for surgery. Patient satisfaction scores rose from 91.5% to 92.2%, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.782). Specific patient-reported goals vary by provider type and are associated with specific diagnosis and treatment recommendations. Goal-directed care may improve the design of treatment pathways and the overall patient experience.

Tincture of Time: The Evolution of Goals in Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer.

Purpose: A diagnosis of cancer often derails an individual's goals. The purpose of this mixed-methods analysis was to describe the evolution of adolescent and young adult (AYA)-reported goals in the year after a diagnosis of new or advanced cancer. Methods: As part of the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) phase 2 randomized controlled trial, AYAs with cancer (ages 12-25 years) were asked at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months: "Please give an example of a goal you hope to accomplish over the next month/year." We used content analysis to categorize goals as follows: life milestones, physical health, mental/emotional health, cancer specific, and hobbies/interests. We summarized goal categories at each time point: for the entire cohort, by baseline diagnosis status (new vs. advanced cancer), treatment status (on-therapy vs. off-therapy), and baseline health-related quality of life (high vs. low). Results: Eighty-six participants completed the study and were included in the analysis (control: n = 41, PRISM: n = 45); 69 reported their goals at 6 months, and 54 at 12 months. Participants submitted a total of 169 goals at baseline, 148 at 6 months, and 126 at 12 months. At baseline, cancer-specific goals were most common for the short-term (35%), whereas milestone goals were most common for the long-term (46%). At 6 months, milestone goals were most common in both short- (38%) and long-term (51%) categories. A similar pattern was seen at 12 months. Conclusion: AYAs' goals change over the first year of their cancer experience, with a shift in short-term goals from cancer-specific goals at baseline to milestone goals at later time points. ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02340884).

Student perception of a reflective lifestyle modification assignment within an undergraduate nursing physiology course

Lifestyle Medicine (LM) is defined as the evidence-based clinical practice focused on behavioral changes to promote health and reverse lifestyle related chronic illnesses. Although LM is increasingly being added to graduate medical education, its incorporation into undergraduate health professional education is limited. The evidence showing the effect of lifestyle related comorbid illnesses on COVID-19 mortality heightens the importance of incorporating LM into health professional education now more than ever. The goal of this project was to introduce undergraduate nursing students to LM through the addition of an experiential lifestyle modification assignment into a human physiology course. Students were instructed to select a lifestyle modification goal, implement, and track their progress meeting this goal for a two-week period, and submit a reflection of this experience including a table/graph of their data. We hypothesized that completion of this assignment would enhance student's learning of physiology. Following IRB approval, students were requested to complete a survey and allow use of their assignment for this educational research study. This survey included questions to assess demographic information, student perception of the assignment and a validated self-efficacy questionnaire. Of the 125 students who completed the assignment, 53 completed the survey and 50 agreed to allow analysis of their assignment for the study. Most participants were female (89%), not currently caring for children (80%), single (77%), unemployed (66%), white (56%) and under 24 years of age (53%). Exercise was the most frequently selected category of lifestyle modification goals followed by nutrition, stress reduction, sleep, and avoidance of risky substances. Almost all students reported that this activity enhanced their learning of physiology (97%) with a trend of higher ratings of the effect of this activity on learning of physiology for students under 24 years of age compared to students 24 and older, although this difference was not significant. Similarly, most students reported that completing a chart of their data and summarizing this data helped them learn how to interpret and analyze data (94%) with significantly higher ratings of this effect for younger students (P < 0.05). Self-efficacy scores were not significantly different between age groups with an overall score of 35.5 ± 4.6 (Scale 0-40, higher score-greater self-efficacy). Interestingly, stress reduction was a common physiological impact reported by students across all categories of lifestyle modification. Results of this study suggest that undergraduate nursing student's experience with implementing their own lifestyle modification reinforces learning of physiology with the added benefit of promoting student wellness. Given the ongoing data indicating the negative impact of COVID-19 on student mental health, the potential benefit of a lifestyle modification assignment on student wellness is arguably as important as its impact on physiological education.

Values, preferences and goals identified during shared decision making between critically ill patients and their doctors

Objective: Examine values, preferences and goals elicited by doctors following goals-of-care (GOC) discussions with critically ill patients who had life-limiting illnesses. Design: Descriptive qualitative study using four-stage latent content analysis. Setting: Tertiary intensive care unit (ICU) in South Western Victoria. Participants: Adults who had life-limiting illnesses and were admitted to the ICU with documented GOC, between October 2016 and July 2018. Intervention: The iValidate program, a shared decision-making clinical communication education and clinical support program, for all ICU registrars in August 2015. Main outcome measures: Matrix of themes and subthemes categorised into values, preferences and goals. Results: A total of 354 GOC forms were analysed from 218 patients who had life-limiting illnesses and were admitted to the ICU. In the categories of values, preferences and goals, four themes were identified: connectedness and relational autonomy, autonomy of decision maker, balancing quality and quantity of life, and physical comfort. The subthemes - relationships, sense of place, enjoyment of activities, independence, dignity, cognitive function, quality of life, longevity and physical comfort - provided a matrix of issues identified as important to patients. Relationship, place, independence and physical comfort statements were most frequently identified; longevity was least frequently identified. Conclusion: Our analysis of GOC discussions between medical staff and patients who had life-limiting illnesses and were admitted to the ICU, using a shared decision-making training and support program, revealed a framework of values, preferences and goals that could provide a structure to assist clinicians to engage in shared decision making.

A qualitative analysis of goals set by foster carers seeking support for their child’s emotional well-being

The needs of foster carers are complex as children in their care often present with complex emotional and behavioural difficulties. Previous studies have examined foster carers’ perceptions of the unmet needs of the children in their care but there is a lack of knowledge regarding carers’ own goals when seeking professional help. The present study seeks to fill this gap by examining the goals that carers who are looking after children with emotional and/or behavioural difficulties set at the start of an intervention, the Reflective Fostering Programme, designed to support them. Twenty-six foster carers were asked to complete a Goal-Based Outcome Measure (GBOM) before starting the programme. Qualitative content analysis revealed five main categories of goals. Three were child focused (child’s relationships, challenging behaviours and emotions) and two were foster carer focused (personal goals and goals related to participating in the programme). By understanding the types of goals meaningful to foster carers, interventions can be developed to better target their specific needs and allow outcome measures to be more closely aligned to their goals. Results are discussed in terms of implications for the development and evaluation of interventions to support foster carers and the children they look after.

어촌계 내부 갈등에 관한 연구

This study investigated Eochon-Gye’s intragroup conflict in the fishery village. The conflict trigger taxonomy consisted of goal, function, structure categories based on the systematic approach. In the goal category, it was identified that interdependence and contextual characteristics factors significantly triggered task conflict. Also, in the function category, communication factor was proved to significantly raise task conflict. Relationship conflict was significantly triggered by membership in the structure category and interpersonal relation in the function category. The moderating effect of conflict management strategy was partially accepted. Integrating conflict management strategy was proved that it decreased the strength of contextual characteristics to trigger task conflict. Dominating conflict management strategy was proved that it decreased the strength of membership to trigger relationship conflict.

Nudging flow through ‘SMART’ goal setting to decrease stress, increase engagement, and increase performance at work

The construct of flow has been associated with a plethora of positive work outcomes such as performance, engagement, and reduced burnout. However, flow is understudied in the domain of work and there is a lack of empirical examinations of flow interventions. Additionally, until recently, the vast majority of research examining flow at work assumes that individuals are passive agents who only experience flow when their working conditions facilitate the state. Therefore, the study tested a ‘SMART’ goal‐setting nudge intervention for individuals, aimed at increasing flow at work and its positive outcomes. Results of a 5‐day experimental experience sampling study with 65 American MTurk workers (who work full‐time besides MTurk) indicate that those in the goal‐setting condition experienced more flow at work and subsequently experienced less daily stress, as well as higher engagement and subjective performance when compared to the control group. Exploratory analyses revealed that flow decreased later in the week within‐day for participants in the control group, whereas flow remained relatively stable within‐day for those in the goal‐setting condition. Moreover, certain categories of goals, such as mastery goals, resource acquisition goals, and understanding goals, were found to be significant predictors of daily flow.Practitioner points Flow at work predicted daily stress, daily performance, and work engagement. Self‐determination strategies (Occupat Health Sci, 1, 2017, 47), such as goal setting, can increase the amount of flow experienced at work and its subsequent positive outcomes. Nudges (Nudge: Improving decisions about health, wealth, and happiness, Yale University Press, 2008) can provide reminders for individuals to engage in behaviors that help them to experience flow and its positive work outcomes. A proposed model was supported as a framework practitioners can use to better understand flow at work along with its antecedents and outcomes.

Patient-Selected Treatment Goals in Severe Asthma

Goal-orientated health care accounts for patient preferences and values, not just physician treatment aims. The Global Initiative for Asthma (GINA) management strategy states that clinicians should elicit patients' own treatment goals as a central part of care. Despite this recommendation, data on patients' treatment goals are sparse among patients with severe asthma. The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between rates of treatment adherence and goal achievement, and patient-selected goals. Thematic analysis was used to characterize patient-selected goals. Previously undescribed goal categories in asthma were identified, quantified, and related to clinical characteristics. Goal achievement was aligned with objectively measured treatment adherence. Three categories of patients-selected goals were identified from 2 randomized control trials: disease-specific (n= 98 [51%] and n= 92 [54%], respectively), function-related (n= 90 [48%] and n= 61 [36%]), and knowledge (n= 1 [1%] and n= 17 [10%]). Only 53% of goals aligned with clinician treatment goals. Patients who chose disease-specific goals were more likely to achieve both control and their specified goal (n= 98 [45%], odds ratio: 1.789, confidence interval: 1.066-3.001). Male participants are more likely to focus on disease-specific goals. Patients who achieved their goals were more likely to be T2-high, have an elevated fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) at their first visit, and have a lower FeNO value at their final visit. Interestingly, adherence rates decline significantly for those who achieve their goals. Almost half of patient-selected goals do not align with GINA clinical asthma management goals. Participants who chose goals that do align with clinicians were more likely to achieve them.

The nature and importance of women's goals for immediate and delayed breast reconstruction

Increasingly, women undergo breast reconstruction (BR) surgery to restore health-related and psychosocial quality of life after mastectomy. Most research focuses on BR outcomes rather than women's pre-surgical expectations of, and goals for, immediate (IBR) or delayed (DBR) procedures, yet such information could support women's decision-making. This study aimed to investigate women's BR goals, whether they differed according surgery timing (IBR or DBR), and the importance women placed on them. Seventy-six women considering DBR (n = 50) or IBR (n = 26) at a UK hospital were encouraged to clarify their BR goals and rate the importance of achieving each one. Content analysis categorised and counted the frequency of the goals they reported. Fifteen goal categories (7 surgical, e.g. scarring; 8 psychosocial/lifestyle, e.g. feeling feminine) were identified. Many (e.g. scarring, intimacy) were reported by a similar percentage of women in each surgical group, however, differences were identified (e.g. breast sensation was not mentioned by women considering IBR). Women reported more psychosocial (n = 206) than surgical goals (n = 160). Further, an independent t-tests revealed that women in both groups placed significantly more importance on the psychosocial (M = 9.4) than surgical goals (M = 8.5). This study highlights the variety of goals women have for BR, the importance they attach to them, and differences and similarities between those seeking IBR and DBR. Future research should consider whether BR goals are met, how goal achievement influences satisfaction with outcome over time and how best to incorporate goals into pre-surgical treatment decision-making.

Effect of Paliperidone Palmitate 3-Month Formulation on Goal Attainment and Disability After 52 Weeks' Treatment in Patients with Clinically Stable Schizophrenia.

PurposeThis pragmatic clinical study aimed to assess goal attainment among patients with schizophrenia treated with paliperidone palmitate 3-monthly (PP3M) and its relation to their level of disability, and whether patients achieved symptomatic remission at the study endpoint.Patients and MethodsGoal attainment was assessed as a secondary endpoint using Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) within a 52-week, prospective, single-arm, non-randomized, open-label, international, multicenter study evaluating the impact of transitioning stable patients with schizophrenia from paliperidone palmitate 1-monthly (PP1M) to PP3M. Additional exploratory analyses were performed to investigate the relationship between disability and functioning as measured by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS), Version 2.0, symptomatic remission, and goal attainment.ResultsOverall, 305 patients were enrolled, of whom 281 (92.1%) provided GAS data at baseline. Of these, 160 achieved symptomatic remission at the last observation carried forward (LOCF) endpoint. The most common category of goals was “self” related, of which work-related was most frequent. Two-thirds of patients (67.7%) achieved at least one goal at the LOCF endpoint. Goal achievement was positively associated with lower baseline symptoms and symptomatic remission at LOCF endpoint, and with lower WHODAS scores at baseline and LOCF endpoint and greater WHODAS score improvements from baseline. Age, duration of disease, and duration of PP1M treatment before the switch did not impact goal setting and goal attainment. The proportion of patients with remunerated work status increased by 11.3% at LOCF endpoint.ConclusionThe results of this secondary endpoint analysis indicate that continued treatment of patients with schizophrenia with PP3M following stabilization with PP1M may facilitate attainment of patients’ personal goals and reduce disability, especially, but not exclusively, in patients with symptomatic remission achieved at LOCF.

Evaluation of the enhanced upper limb therapy programme within the Robot-Assisted Training for the Upper Limb after Stroke trial: descriptive analysis of intervention fidelity, goal selection and goal achievement

Objective: To report the fidelity of the enhanced upper limb therapy programme within the Robot-Assisted Training for the Upper Limb after stroke (RATULS) randomized controlled trial, the types of goals selected and the proportion of goals achieved. Design: Descriptive analysis of data on fidelity, goal selection and achievement from an intervention group within a randomized controlled trial. Setting: Out-patient stroke rehabilitation within four UK NHS centres. Subjects: 259 participants with moderate-severe upper limb activity limitation (Action Research Arm Test 0–39) between one week and five years post first stroke. Intervention: The enhanced upper limb therapy programme aimed to provide 36 one-hour sessions, including 45 minutes of face-to-face therapy focusing on personal goals, over 12 weeks. Results: 7877/9324 (84%) sessions were attended; a median of 34 [IQR 29–36] per participant. A median of 127 [IQR 70–190] repetitions were achieved per participant per session attended. Based upon the Canadian Occupational Performance Measure, goal categories were: self-care 1449/2664 (54%); productivity 374/2664 (14%); leisure 180/2664 (7%) and ‘other’ 661/2664 (25%). For the 2051/2664 goals for which data were available, 1287 (51%) were achieved, ranging between 27% by participants more than 12 months post stroke with baseline Action Research Arm Test scores 0–7, and 88% by those less than three months after stroke with scores 8–19. Conclusions: Intervention fidelity was high. Goals relating to self-care were most commonly selected. The proportion of goals achieved varied, depending on time post stroke and baseline arm activity limitation.

Analysis Of The Water Polo Shots In Positions 1 And 2 In The Simple Temporal Numeric Inequality With Possession During The 15th Fina World Championship In Barcelona 2013

INTRODUCTION: The Simple Temporal Numeric Inequality With Possesion (FJs) is defined as a concrete micro-situation of the Water Polo, which alter the amount of players (+1) in favor of the team that owns the ball. Left-handed (LH) players may have an important role. AIM: First, to know if the LH players were more effective in the goal categories and getting positive actions in position 1 and 2 than the right-handed (RH) in the FJs; second, to know if the shots in position 1 and 2 were less effective than the rest of the positions in the goal categories. METHODS: An observational, multidimensional, nomothetic and punctual study was developed, following Anguera (2003). The sample consisted on all the throws during 24 games, including male and female teams (n=127) corresponding to the 15th FINA World Championship using an ad hoc instrument for observation through SportCode software. Games were recorded with a video camera (SONY, FDRAXP33B.CEN). Descriptive of all variables and Chi-square test were obtained to compare throws. RESULTS: The LH players performed from position 1 more total shots compared to the RH players. Adding the categories related to the goal, the LH got 30.8% and the RH 23.1%. When adding the categories related to positive actions (exclusion, penalty, rebound and corner), the LH got 42.3% while the RH 25%. From position 2 the RH players make more shots compared to LH players (50 vs 25). Adding the categories related to the goal, the LH got 10.7% and the RH 26.7%. If we add the categories related to positive actions, the LH got 16% while the RH 38.7%. The Specific Position (PE) and Player’s Laterality (LJ) of the shots from position 1 and 2 that finish in goal in FJs, there were significant differences (p < .05). CONCLUSIONS: The LH players were more effective in the goal categories and getting positive actions in position 1 than the RH, but not in position 2. Only the shots in position 1 were less effective than the rest of the positions in the goal categories.

Describing the Composition of Individualized Education Plans for Students With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore and describe the features of Individualized Education Plans (IEPs) for a cohort of students with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to help elucidate current special education practices for students with TBI. Method We obtained permission from administrators of a local school district of 41,000 students in a Midwestern state to review de-identified IEP records of students verified with TBI. We examined demographic information (i.e., cause and age at time of injury), IEP services and intensity, IEP goal categories, and previous verification status. Results Descriptive results support that intervention services were more intense for students with TBI with greater lengths of time postinjury. Target behaviors within goals were more often related to math and reading than to the cognitive processes that govern these skills, such as attention, memory, and executive functioning. Finally, more than a third of our sample had been verified with a disability and were receiving special education services via an IEP prior to their TBI. Conclusions This work represents an important first step in understanding the special education services for students with TBI. Future research should explore interventions that are ecologically valid for school-based settings and are developed to address the idiosyncratic deficits of students with TBI, particularly interventions that focus on the underlying cognitive processes experienced by these students.

Categories of Goals in Philosophy for Children

Philosophy for children is an educational movement that includes diverse goals that are not always clearly articulated by theorists and practitioners. In order to navigate the multitude of aims found in the philosophy for children literature I propose distinguishing between the following categories of goals: aims of education; educational goals of philosophy for children (internal and external); goals of a community of philosophical inquiry (procedural, epistemic, encounter, community, telos); goals of the facilitator; and goals of the children. The definitions of these various types are given along with some examples of how the distinctions between them can be of aid in understanding the approaches, criticisms, and practice of philosophy for children.

Reconciling New Urbanist plans: plan quality evaluation for cities in Florida, U.S.

ABSTRACT As the popularity of New Urbanism has grown, local governments have attempted to translate New Urbanist planning components into planning policy forms. Through observation of comprehensive plans in 40 cities in Florida, this paper explores the extent to which New Urbanism principles are embedded in terms of factual basis, goals, tools, intergovernmental coordination, and implementation. The outcomes of this study indicate that (1) the total quality of the plans varies by city; (2) local governments are well aware of the importance of New Urbanism; (3) there are weak links between the evaluation categories of factual basis and goals; (4) goals and objectives are addressed most effectively; (5) diversity and equity are relatively less addressed; and (6) proactive tools (e.g. form-based codes, transect zoning, or urban growth boundaries) are limited. The outcomes of this study are expected to benefit cities and improve their future plans by allowing the effective integration of New Urbanism depending on their own priorities. Highlights The mean plan quality score regarding New Urbanism for the 40 local comprehensive plans was 66.6 out of 100, while a large variation existed between local plan scores. Local governments are aware of the importance of New Urbanism principles, but not all the principles are reflected in local comprehensive plans. Inconsistencies existed between the factual bases and goals/objectives indicate that it is unclear how municipalities set their goals without documenting existing conditions. Relatively proactive tools like form-based codes, bans on suburban-style design, and transect zoning did not appear often. Diversity and equity are relatively less addressed in the factual bases, goals, and tools.

Drug prescription goals in primary care: a cross-sectional study

BackgroundCare goals are often implicit, although their identification is a key element of any prescription process. This study aimed to describe the clinical goals of drug prescriptions in general practice, their determinants and the agreement between physicians and patients.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study conducted by 11 resident trainees acting as observers in 23 general practices. The residents recorded the indication and main physician’s goal for all drugs prescribed during five consultation days in each practice in December 2015, and the main patient’s goal for a sub-sample of consultations. We used an eight-category generic classification of prescription goals, including three specific (mortality, morbidity and cure), three non-specific (symptoms, quality of life, functioning) and two non-specified (other goal, no goal) categories. Analyses were based on a multivariable, multilevel model and on the kappa statistic applied to the sub-sample of consultations.ResultsThe sample encompassed 2141 consultations and 5036 drugs. The main physicians’ goal of drug prescriptions was to relieve symptoms (43.3%). The other goals were to decrease the risk of morbidity (22.4%), to cure disease (11.7%), to improve quality of life (10.6%), to decrease the risk of mortality (8.5%) and to improve functioning (1.8%). The choice of a specific goal was more frequent in patients with the following characteristics: over 50 (OR [1.09;1.15]), of male gender (OR [1.09;1.39]), with full financial coverage for a long-term condition (OR [1.47;1.97]), known by the physician (OR [1.19;2.23]), or with a somatic health problem (OR [2.56;4.17]). Cohen’s kappa for drug prescription goals between the patients and the physicians was 0.26 (0.23–0.30).ConclusionsPhysicians’ goals are poorly shared with patients. It remains to be assessed whether it is possible to collect and discuss information on prescription goals on a daily basis.

Analysis of the shots in positions 1 and 2 in even situational framework during the World Championship of Barcelona 2013

The purpose of this study was, on one hand, to know if the left handed players were more effective in the goal categories and getting positive actions in 1 and 2 position than the right handed in the same offense position in Even Situational Framework (FJa). On the other hand, to know if the shots in 1 and 2 position were less effective than the rest of the positions in the goal categories. The methodology was observational, multidimensional, nomothetic and punctual. The sample was all the throws of 24 games (12 male and 12 female) in the 2013 World Championship in Barcelona using an ad hoc instrument for observation through the SportCode software, which was also used to record the data. Descriptives and Chi-square test were obtained and the conclusions are that the left-handed players are more effective if we relate them to the goal categories and positive actions from positions 1 and 2. However, the righties are more effective if we only see the categories related with the goal.

Characteristics and quality of rotation-specific resident learning goals: a prospective study

ABSTRACT Background: Residents are expected to develop the skills to set learning goals. Setting learning goals is part of self-regulated learning, setting the foundation for creating a learning plan, deploying learning strategies, and assessing their progress to those goals. While effective goal setting is essential to resident self-regulated learning, residents struggle with setting learning goals and desire faculty assistance with goal setting. Objective: We aimed to characterize the topics and quality of residents’ rotation-specific learning goals. Design: We conducted a prospective study of 153 internal medicine residents, assessing 455 learning goals for general medicine inpatient rotations. We coded learning goal themes, competencies, and learning domains, and assessed quality using the validated Learning Goal Scoring Rubric. We compared topic categories, competencies, learning domains, and quality between the first and second months of postgraduate (PGY)-1 residents and between PGY-1 and PGY-3 residents. We assessed factors associated with learning goal completion. Results: The overall response rate was 80%. The top three learning goal categories were patient management, specific diseases related to general medicine, and teaching skills. There were no changes in learning goal characteristics between PGY-1 months (p ≥ 0.04). There were differences between PGY-1 and PGY-3 residents’ learning goals in patient management (28% vs 6%; p < .001), specific disease conditions (19% vs 3%; p < .001), and teaching skills (2% vs 56%; p < .001). There was no difference in learning goal quality between PGY-1 months (1.63 vs. 1.67; p = 0.82). The PGY-3 learning goals were of higher quality than PGY-1 learning goals for the ‘specific goal’ item (1.38 vs. 0.98, p = 0.005), but not for other items or overall (all p ≥ 0.02). Residents reported 85% (297/347) learning goal completion. Conclusions: Resident rotation-specific learning goals reflect a broad array of topics. Residents’ learning goal quality was low and residents may benefit from guidance to support residents’ learning goals.