Catalytic Reaction Process Research Articles

Revealing the influence of temperature on benzene oxidation by palladium oxide via ReaxFF molecular dynamics simulations

For catalytic reactions, temperature has a great influence on reaction rate and reaction mechanism. The oxidation processes of soot precursors (C6H6) at different temperatures are simulated using reactive force field molecular dynamics to investigate the effect of temperature on the oxidation process. The reaction products at different temperatures and the effect of temperature are discussed. The results show that the intermediate species C3 and C4 are more and existed longer at 1400 K than at 2000 K, while hardly existed at 2000 K, indicating that as the temperature increases, the oxidation reaction takes place more completely and the products formed are more stable. The effect of temperature on the oxidation mechanism is then explored; the results show that the main reaction pathway at 1400 K is basically the same as that at 2000 K, while the final product contains less hydrogen and more oxygen atoms at 2000 K. The C6 components with two, three, and four oxygen atoms are found easier to be decomposed at both 1400 and 2000 K. It shows that temperature mainly affects the catalytic reaction process by affecting the hydrogen and oxygen content of the decomposed C6 component. This may be helpful to understand the effect of temperature on the C6H6 oxidation from the perspective of basic research.

Methanol production reactor simulation and optimization under kinetic parameter uncertainty conditions

A catalytic reaction process for producing methanol from carbon dioxide and hydrogen gases has been suggested and simulated. However, there can exist parametric uncertainties on the process model such as reaction kinetics. A reactor model considering parametric uncertainty results in a distributional process output and it can give more informative data compared to the conventional modeling methods which use a single parameter set. However, the distributional model needs a lot of computational loads because of the Monte Carlo simulation and iterative calculations for convergence. In order to alleviate the heavy computational load and reflect the skewness of the distributional data, generalized extreme value distribution and neural network technique are utilized. The formation parameters of generalized extreme value distribution are learned by shallow and deep structured neural network and as a result distributional reactor model in an explicit formulation is proposed. Compared to the result using shallow structured neural network for learning the formulation parameters, that using deep neural network shows improved predictive performance especially adjacent to the boundary layers of process inputs. The proposed model can be utilized to real-time stochastic model based approaches in optimization and control with less computational load because of its explicit and distributional formulation.

Study on the preparation of manganese oxide filter media for catalytic oxidation removal of ammonium and manganese in high alkalinity groundwater: The effect of copper and cobalt doping

Owing to the low efficiency of catalytic oxidation of ammonium and manganese in high alkalinity groundwater by manganese oxide filter column, the effect of doping copper (Cu) and cobalt (Co) on catalytic activity was investigated. A pilot-scale filter column system was used in this experiment. The catalytic oxidation activities of manganese oxide filter media prepared at different Cu and Co concentrations (0, 0.1, 1.0 mg/L) in raw water were compared. The results showed that the removal efficiency of ammonium by the filter column increased from 65% to 100% due to low Cu doping, while the removal efficiency of manganese decreased from 95% to 60% due to high Cu doping. Low Co doping was beneficial to the start-up period of the filter column and the effluent ammonium concentration reached the standard on the 8th day. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Scanning electron microscopy coupled energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS) results showed that the high alkalinity of water led to the formation of a large amount of calcium carbonate on the surface of the filter media. Combined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis, it was found that the conversion of different valence manganese species caused by Cu and Co doping and the Cu and Co elements with different valence were the key factors determining the catalytic activity of manganese oxide filter media. Cu2+/Cu+ and Co3+/Co2+ electron cycles also participated in the electron transfer process of catalytic reaction. This study provides a research idea for solving the pollution problem of ammonium and manganese in high alkalinity water.

Cartesian grid simulation of reacting gas-solid flow using CFD-DEM-IBM method

The computational fluid dynamics-discrete element-immersed boundary method (CFD-DEM-IBM method) is extended to simulate the decomposition of ozone in a cylindrical bubbling fluidized bed, where the effect of complex geometries on the fluid flow is imposed by immersed boundary method. The expanded bed height and the global circulation patterns obtained from CFD-DEM-IBM simulations are in a good agreement with the results reported in literatures. The effects of inlet gas velocity and static bed height on the ozone conversion are also investigated, and the simulation results are consistent with the experimental data of Fryer and Potter (Fryer and Potter, 1976 [1]). Present study proved the feasibility of simulation of catalytic reaction processes in fluidized beds with complex geometries using CFD-DEM-IBM method.

Hollow mesoporous aluminosilicate spheres imbedded with Pd nanoparticles for high performance toluene combustion

In the past few decades, persistent efforts have been directed toward the stabilization of Pd nanoparticles during catalytic reaction processes carried out at relatively higher temperatures. In this study, small-sized Pd nanoparticles imbedded into hollow mesoporous aluminosilicate sphere catalysts (Pd/HMAS-1) have been synthesized. The physical and chemical properties of Pd/HMAS-1 were studied by the means of XRD, TEM, and XPS analysis. The prepared Pd/HMAS-1 catalyst was evaluated for its catalytic performance in the combustion of toluene. Pd/HMAS-1 showed excellent activity for toluene oxidation with T90 at 150 °C, which was much higher than that of Pd/HMAS-2 (T90 at 220 °C) with Pd nanoparticle supported on the external surface of HMAS and Pd/HMAS-CTAB (T90 at 200 °C) with perpendicular pore channel occupied by CTAB. Furthermore, Pd/HMAS-1 exhibited an outstanding long-term stability and maintained the conversion efficiency of 100 % at 200 °C for 20 h. The superior catalytic performance of Pd/HMAS-1 has been attributed to the confinement effect of ordered mesopore in stabilizing Pd nanoparticles and improvement in mass transfer efficiency and active Pd metal accessibility. Furthermore, the oxidation pathway of toluene over Pd/HMAS-1 was proposed based on the analysis of key intermediates generated during the catalytic combustion process by in situ-DRIFTS analysis. This study provides a promising strategy to design novel high-performance ordered mesoporous zeolite-confined metal/metal oxide catalysts for industrial VOCs combustion.

Steering the Reaction Pathways of Terminal Alkynes by Introducing Oxygen Species: From C-C Coupling to C-H Activation.

Selective regulation of chemical reactions is crucial in chemistry. Oxygen, as a key reagent in ubiquitous oxidative chemistry, exhibits great potential in regulating molecular assemblies, and more importantly, chemical reactions in molecular systems supported by metal surfaces. However, the unique catalytic performance and reaction mechanisms of oxygen species remain elusive, which are essential for understanding reaction selection and regulation. In this study, by a combination of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) imaging/manipulations and density functional theory (DFT) calculations, we showed that the on-surface reaction pathways of terminal alkynes could be steered from C-C coupling to C-H activation with high selectivity by introducing O2 into the molecular system. The catalytic performance and reaction mechanisms of oxygen species were explored in the C-H activation processes, and both molecular O2 and atomic O could efficiently steer the reaction pathways. These results would provide a fundamental understanding of interfacial catalytic reaction processes.

Insight into the activation of CO2 and H2 on K2O-adsorbed Fe5C2(110) for olefins production: A density functional theory study

The activation of reactant molecules on catalyst surface plays critical roles in the catalytic reaction process. The activation of CO2 and H2 molecules on clean and K2O-adsorbed Fe5C2(110) were comparatively investigated via density functional theory (DFT) calculations to disclose the promoting effect of K2O on hydrogenation of CO2 to olefins. DFT calculations suggest that the adsorption of K2O helps to direct activation of CO2 to CO species, and then promote in-situ CC* coupling of CO with surface carbon of χ-Fe5C2. The Fe-H bond from H2 dissociation on K2O-adsorbed Fe5C2(110) can lower the activity of H species, by which helps to avoid the over-hydrogenation of olefins to saturated alkanes. This study partially reveals the promoting effect of K2O on the activation of reactant molecules on χ-Fe5C2 surface, which is helpful to design new catalysts for CO2 conversion to value-added chemicals.

Construction of CuInS2/C/TiO2 hierarchical tandem heterostructures with optimized CO2 photoreduction under visible light

• Constructed CuInS 2 /C/TiO 2 hierarchical tandem heterostructures with flame process. • Synergistic characterization of material structure by multiple in-situ methods. • Enhanced the CO 2 -to-CO performance by 3.16 times of the C/T under visible light. • Revealed the relationship between the behavior of electrons and the photocatalytic mechanism. • Promoted to the other TiO 2 -based system as a universal strategy. The precise regulation of the nano-catalyst structure is a big challenge that limits the application of photocatalytic technology in CO 2 reduction. Herein, to improve the utilization of sunlight, the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the surface catalytic reaction process, CuInS 2 /C/TiO 2 (CIS/C/T) hierarchical tandem heterostructure have been rationally designed. Multiple in-situ characterizations and DFT simulations show that CQDs not only act as a co-catalyst, but also act as a bridge between TiO 2 (T) and CuInS 2 (CIS), which further attribute to the efficient separation and enrichment of photogenerated electron-hole pairs while effectively avoiding the recombination. In consideration of the excellent broad-spectrum absorption, the CO 2 -to-CO photoreduction performance of the optimal CIS/C/T reaches up to 7.73 μmol g -1 h −1 , about 3.16 times enhancement of C/T. Combined with in-situ DRIFTs, the intrinsic structure–activity relationship is pointed out, and extended to other similar TiO 2 -based catalytic systems (In 2 S 3 /C/TiO 2 ). This work will provide a new universal strategy for the design and synthesis of high-performance nano-photocatalysts.

Methanation of Synthesis Gas to Produce Methane: A Hands-On Catalysis Experiment

Organizing undergraduates in chemistry, energy engineering, and chemical engineering specialties to participate in an energy transformation experiment can encourage them to think about the impact of human activities on nature and stimulate them to learn more about the topic. This laboratory experiment demonstrates a general approach to the methanation of syngas in a fixed bed reactor with online chromatographic monitoring. Undergraduates gain the opportunity to operate temperature controllers, mass flow meters, fixed bed reactors, gas chromatography, and cold traps as well as broaden their knowledge of renewable CO/CO2 conversion. The experiment also offers a discussion about the chemical principles in catalytic conversion of syngas to methane, viable alternatives to green fuel sources, and the catalytic reaction process.

Hexavalent Chromium as a Smart Switch for Peroxidase-like Activity Regulation via the Surface Electronic Redistribution of Silver Nanoparticles Anchored on Carbon Spheres.

Although some ions, due to their unique chemical properties, can regulate the enzyme-like activity of nanomaterials, it is still a huge challenge to explore the mechanism of regulation. Herein, we found that Cr6+ (CrO42-) as a smart switch can significantly increase the peroxidase-like (POD-like) activity of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which were anchored efficiently on carbon spheres (Cal-CS/PEG/Ag) using amino-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) as a bridge. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations demonstrated that the addition of Cr6+ can not only adjust the surface electronic redistribution of Ag atoms but also improve the geometric structure of the adsorbed intermediate, which resulted in the optimization of free energy and change of bond lengths in the catalytic reaction process, increasing the POD-like activity of Cal-CS/PEG/Ag. Based on the Cr6+-increased POD-like activity of Cal-CS/PEG/Ag, we successfully constructed a visual sensor of Cr6+ along with quantitative analysis by the UV spectrum. The sensor has good selectivity for other 29 interfering ions and molecules with a detection limit of 79 nM. In this work, the detailed mechanism of the Cr6+-increased POD-like activity of Ag NPs was studied and a new possibility for the rational design of ion visual sensors using nanomaterials was proposed.

Progress in the Preparation and Catalytic Performance Research of Encapsulated Polyoxometalate-based POMs@MOFs Materials

The composition, structure and size of the polyoxometalates are easy to be controlled in their synthetic process, and they have good electronic storage and redox capabilities. They are favored by chemists due to their broad application prospects in the development of clean, green and environmentally efficient catalysts. Encapsulating polyoxometalates into metal-organic framework materials can solve some problems such as deactivation due to agglomeration during the catalytic reaction process, difficulty in catalysts recycling in homogeneous system, and their low specific surface area. In this paper, the preparation methods of polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework materials, namely, in-situ synthesis, immersion synthesis and mechanical grinding synthesis, are summarized, and the advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed respectively. We further summarized the research progress of polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework materials in the field of catalysis, and looked forward to their development trends in future.

Hierarchical laminated Al2O3 in-situ integrated with high-dispersed Co3O4 for improved toluene catalytic combustion

Hierarchical structure and surface properties of selective support afford some special effects on the catalytic activity, which could be tuned to achieve improved performance. Herein, using a combination of hydrothermal coprecipitation and thermal processing, we integrated highly-distributed Co3O4 spinel nanospecies on laminated hierarchically structured Al2O3 which could be used as a highly efficient VOCs treatment catalyst. Impressively, compared to Co-free Al2O3 counterpart (SBET = 188.2 m2·g−1), these obtained Co3O4 spinel functionalized catalysts are endowed with adjustable Co loading, optimized Co activity state, and obviously improved hierarchically structural properties (SBET = 274.7 m2·g−1). The microporous and mesoporous structures both existed in the obtained Al2O3, which is beneficial to the heterogeneous catalytic reaction process. The results reveal that the proper Co loading in the hierarchically structured Al2O3 could enable the rational modulation of catalytic activity in the combustion of toluene and exceeds the commercial 5 wt% Pd/C catalyst in the light of total catalytic oxidation ability. This developed heterogeneous Co3O4 compositing hierarchically structured Al2O3 provides a significant potential value for practical VOCs treatment.

An Integrated Droplet Manipulation Platform with Photodeformable Microfluidic Channels.

Manipulating droplets by light in microscale allows precise control of microfluidics, liquid delivery, micromachines, and so on. Among these applications, microfluidic technology is of particular interest for miniaturization of the portable analysis systems, which require the integration of various liquid operations in one device. Here, a photodeformable microfluidic platform is constructed by combining Laplace pressure and capillary condensation to integrate the transportation, fusion, separation, and mixing of liquid slugs in one chip. The Laplace pressure, attributed to the photodeformation of the liquid crystal polymers, is generated to propel the slug. The capillary condensation is introduced by the delicate design of the fluid channels, allowing the fusion and separation of slugs without any connected microvalves. Catalytic oxidation reaction and protein detection processes are realized in the platform, which are amenable to a variety of miniaturized bio-medical applications, such as portable analysis and point of care testing.

A lipase/poly (ionic liquid)-styrene microspheres/PVA composite hydrogel for esterification application

Enzymes are particularly attractive as biocatalysts for the green synthesis of chemicals and pharmaceuticals. However, the traditional enzyme purification and separation process is complex and inefficient, which limits the wide application of enzyme catalysis. In this paper, an efficient strategy for enzyme purification and immobilization in one step is proposed. A novel poly (ionic liquid)-styrene microsphere is prepared by molecular design and synthesis for adsorbing and purifying high activity lipase from fermentation broth directly. By optimizing the surface morphologies and charge of the microspheres, the enzyme loading is significantly improved. In order to further stabilize the catalytic environment of lipase, the resulting lipase/poly (ionic liquid)-styrene microspheres are immobilized in physical crosslinking hydrogel to obtain a complex lipase catalytic system, which can be prepared into various shapes according to the requirements of catalytic environment. In the actual catalytic reaction process, this complex lipase catalytic system exhibits excellent catalytic activity (6314.69 ± 21.27 U mg−1) and good harsh environment tolerance compared with the lipase fermentation broth (1672.87 ± 36.68 U mg−1). Under the condition of cyclic catalysis, the complex lipase catalytic system shows the outstanding reusability (After 8 cycles the enzymatic activity is still higher than that of the lipase fermentation broth) and is easily separated from the products.

Simultaneous removal of mercury and 1,2-dichlorobenzene from flue gas by Ru-based catalyst

To solve the pollution problem of mercury and dioxin emission, the catalytic oxidation techniques were introduced, and Ru-based catalyst manifested an excellent performance for simultaneously removing elemental mercury (Hg0) and 1,2-dichlorobenzene (o-DCB) in flue gas. Ce-Zr-Ru presented the highest removal efficiency for o-DCB, which could reach more than 90% above 325 ℃. Besides, it had a good chemical stability, and the o-DCB removal efficiency maintained above 90% after 12 h and 5 cycles. The existence of o-DCB was beneficial for Hg0 removal, and the Hg0 catalytic efficiency of Ce-Zr-Ru can reach nearly 100% at a wide temperature window of 200–400 ℃ in the presence of o-DCB. O2 play a critical role on the catalytic reaction process, which can be activated to oxidize Hg0 and o-DCB. Moreover, the generated hydrogen chloride and chlorine species by catalyzing o-DCB would react Hg0 and HgO to form HgCl2, which can be desorbed from the surface of the catalysts and entered to flue gas.

Comparison and progress review of various super-resolution fluorescence imaging techniques

所见即所得是生命科学研究的中心哲学,贯穿在不断认识单个分子、分子复合体、分子动态行为和整个分子网络的历程中。活的动态的分子才是有功能的,这决定了荧光显微成像在生命科学研究中成为不可替代的工具。但是当荧光成像聚焦到分子水平的时候,所见并不能给出想要得到的。这个障碍是由于受光学衍射极限的限制,荧光显微镜无法在衍射受限的空间内分辨出目标物。超分辨荧光成像技术突破衍射极限的限制,在纳米尺度至单分子水平可视化生物分子,以前所未有的时空分辨率研究活细胞结构和动态过程,已成为生命科学研究的有力工具,并逐渐应用到材料科学、催化反应过程和光刻等领域。超分辨成像技术原理不同,其具有的技术性能各异,限制了各自特定的技术特色和应用范围。目前主流的超分辨成像技术包括3种:结构光照明显微镜技术(structured illumination microscopy, SIM)、受激发射损耗显微技术(stimulated emission depletion, STED)和单分子定位成像技术(single molecule localization microscopy, SMLM)。这些显微镜采用不同的复杂技术,但是策略却是相同和简单的,即通过牺牲时间分辨率来提升衍射受限的空间内相邻两个发光点的空间分辨。该文通过对这3种技术的原理比较和在生物研究中的应用进展介绍,明确了不同超分辨成像技术的技术优势和适用的应用方向,以方便研究者在未来研究中做合理的选择。

Phosphotungstate-Functionalized Mesoporous Janus Silica Nanosheets for Reaction-Controlled Pickering Interfacial Catalysis

Pickering interfacial catalysis enables oil/water biphasic reactions to efficiently proceed by the formation of stable Pickering emulsions. However, a convenient approach to control the emulsion properties, so as to combine the reactivity and recovery of catalytic emulsifiers, remains challenging to date. Herein, we have reported the switchable transition between emulsification/demulsification controlled by the catalytic reaction process, to realize reaction-controlled Pickering interfacial catalysis. A novel series of phosphotungstate (PW)-functionalized mesoporous Janus silica nanosheets were thus prepared by selectively decorating ammonium PW on one side of mesosilica nanosheets. Characterization results suggested their H2O2-switched reversible emulsification/demulsification behavior in an oil/water biphasic system due to H2O2-induced wettability change in the ammonium PW moiety. The resultant H2O2-switchable Pickering emulsions induced an efficient Pickering interfacial catalysis approach for selective oxidation of alcohols by aqueous H2O2 in water, thus leading to remarkable high conversion and selectivity over a wide range of alcohols. When H2O2 was used up, they could be demulsified spontaneously, resulting in the complete separation of catalytic emulsifiers for steady reuse. The reaction-controlled emulsification/demulsification approach provided a sustainable way to combine reactivity and recovery of catalytic emulsifiers in Pickering interfacial catalysis, which was a benefit for energy-saving in industrial applications.

Encapsulation of Cu2O Micro/Nanoparticles into Activated Carbon Felt as a Catalyst in Organic Reactions

Cuprous oxide (Cu2O) nanoparticles as organic catalysts have been widely applied due to their low cost, high efficiency, and nontoxicity. However, severe agglomeration of nanoparticles would cause side effects on the catalytic performance. Herein, Cu2O micro/nanoparticles were encapsulated into activated carbon felt (ACF) (Cu2O@ACF) to solve nanoparticle agglomeration, and then, three products (alkenylboronates, diaryl sulfides, and 1,2,3-triazoles) were successfully prepared using Cu2O@ACF as the catalyst. In particular, Cu2O@ACF also showed excellent recycling performance for catalytic reactions. After 10 cycles, the yield of alkenylboronates remained high (up to 63%). ACF as a carrier can suppress the aggregation of Cu2O micro/nanoparticles during the process of catalytic reaction, contributing to the improvement of high yield even after ten cycles. This work proposes a simple method to improve the catalytic performance of Cu2O micro/nanoparticles by encapsulating micro/nanoparticles into ACF.

Study on NH3-SCR performance and mechanism of Fe/Mn modified rare earth concentrate

• In this paper, a green, environmentally friendly and efficient NH3-SCR catalyst was prepared using rare earth minerals. • This paper explores the relationship between transition metals Fe, Mn and rare earth concentrates and their influence on the catalytic performance of NH 3 -SCR. • In this paper, the synergistic catalytic reaction process between Ce, Fe and Mn on the surface of rare earth concentrates is explored. In this paper, the transition metals Fe and Mn are doped on the surface of rare earth concentrates by the impregnation method to prepare NH 3 -SCR catalyst active powder. SEM, XRD, BET, XPS, H 2 -TPR, NH 3 -TPD, NO-TPD, FTIR and other characterization methods are used to explore the surface properties and mechanism of rare earth concentrates doped with transition metals, and at the same time determine its catalysis in a simulated flue gas device performance. The results showed that the NO x conversion rate of Fe and Mn doped rare earth concentrates reached 94.8% at 200 °C. The specific surface area of the rare earth concentrate increases after Fe and Mn are doped. Fe and Mn are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the rare earth concentrate. The combined effect of Fe, Mn and the rare earth concentrate provides more weak acid sites for the reaction and promotes desorption of NO in the low temperature section. The redox performance of rare earth concentrates has also been greatly improved. Rare earth concentrates doped with Fe and Mn mainly follow the L -H mechanism in the low temperature section, and mainly follow the E-R mechanism in the high temperature section. In general, the introduction of transition metals Fe and Mn effectively improves the NH 3 -SCR catalytic activity of rare earth concentrates, and the rare earth concentrates themselves have good resistance and tolerance, which is useful for preparing NH 3 -SCR catalysts from natural minerals. It has important theoretical significance and practical value, and at the same time has a pioneering role in the application of Baiyun Obo rare earth minerals in industrial production. In this paper, the transition metals Fe and Mn are doped on the surface of rare earth concentrates by the impregnation method to prepare NH 3 -SCR catalyst active powder. SEM, XRD, BET, XPS, H 2 -TPR, NH 3 -TPD, NO-TPD, FTIR and other characterization methods are used to explore the surface properties and mechanism of rare earth concentrates doped with transition metals, and at the same time determine its catalysis in a simulated flue gas device performance. The results showed that the NO x conversion rate of Fe and Mn doped rare earth concentrates reached 94.8% at 200℃. The specific surface area of the rare earth concentrate increases after Fe and Mn are doped. Fe and Mn are uniformly dispersed on the surface of the rare earth concentrate. The combined effect of Fe, Mn and the rare earth concentrate provides more weak acid sites for the reaction and promotes desorption of NO in the low temperature section. The redox performance of rare earth concentrates has also been greatly improved. Rare earth concentrates doped with Fe and Mn mainly follow the L-H mechanism in the low temperature section, and mainly follow the E-R mechanism in the high temperature section. In general, the introduction of transition metals Fe and Mn effectively improves the NH 3 -SCR catalytic activity of rare earth concentrates, and the rare earth concentrates themselves have good resistance and tolerance, which is useful for preparing NH 3 -SCR catalysts from natural minerals. It has important theoretical significance and practical value, and at the same time has a pioneering role in the application of Baiyun Obo rare earth minerals in industrial production .

Efficient degradation of tetracycline using core–shell Fe@Fe2O3-CeO2 composite as novel heterogeneous electro-Fenton catalyst

Developing efficient heterogeneous electro-Fenton (EF) catalysts for degradation of organic pollutants remains a challenge. Herein, a novel heterogeneous EF catalyst, core–shell Fe@Fe2O3-CeO2 composite, was successfully synthesized in a facile manner for effective degradation of tetracycline (TC) pollutant. The catalytic activity was evaluated by effects of different processes, Fe/Ce molar ratio, catalyst dosage, initial solution pH, applied current and aeration mode. Fe@Fe2O3-CeO2 with 2:1 Fe/Ce molar ratio achieved TC removal efficiency of 90.7% within 1 h and mineralization efficiency of 86.9% within 6 h with such excellent performance attributed to the high utilization efficiency of H2O2 and the synergistic effects between Ce4+/Ce3+ and Fe3+/Fe2+. Moreover, this novel catalyst exhibited good recyclability and stability in successive cycles with low metal leaching. Furthermore, the heterogeneous EF process showed satisfactory catalytic activity towards degradation of other organic pollutants (e.g., metronidazole, diclofenac sodium, and chloramphenicol). Based on the experimental results and analysis, the mechanism of the heterogeneous EF process with Fe@Fe2O3-CeO2 catalyst and possible TC degradation pathways were proposed, which provides insights into the catalytic reaction process and should be of value in facilitating the application of this method in refractory wastewater treatment.