Catalysts For Conversion Of Ethanol Research Articles

Bimetallic Ni–Cu/CeO2–Al2O3 catalysts for conversion of ethanol to higher alcohols

Bimetallic Ni–Cu/CeO2–Al2O3 catalysts for conversion of ethanol to higher alcohols

Effects of Support on the Formation and Activity of Gold Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Butanol

Effects of Support on the Formation and Activity of Gold Catalysts for Ethanol Conversion to Butanol

Composition of catalysts for conversion of ethanol to N-butanol and higher alcohols

Composition of catalysts for conversion of ethanol to N-butanol and higher alcohols

Catalysts for conversion of ethanol to butanol: Effect of acid-base and redox properties

The effect of acid-base properties of three different supports (hydroxyapatite, γ-Al2O3 and MgO) and of the redox properties of dispersed Ru or Ni on the catalytic conversion of ethanol into butanol has been investigated.Catalytic tests have been carried out in the temperature range 200–500°C by feeding an ethanol/N2 mixture to a lab-scale fixed bed reactor of powdered catalyst. Both supports and metal containing materials were deeply characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, CO2 and NH3 TPD, H2 TPR.Highest butanol yields were associated to low ratio between acid and basic centres, typical of MgO, and to the easy reducibility of well dispersed metals as well. Good butanol yields can be also ascribed to the enhancement of both surface area and basicity of MgO provided by metal addition.

Metal supported on natural zeolite as catalysts for conversion of ethanol to gasoline

A various of metal supported into natural zeolite was prepared via wet impregnation method. The transition metals impregnated are nickel, cobalt, copper and zinc. The catalytic properties both of physical and chemical properties were characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo Gravimetri Analysis (TGA)-Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Surface Area Analyzer-Porositymeter and also gravimetry method for acidity measurement following by the adsorption of organic bases. The results showed that different metals impregnated into natural zeolite affected physical and chemical properties, i.e. crystalinity, surface area, pore size, pore volume and acidity. Their catalytic activity was tested for conversion ethanol to gasoline and showed high conversion up to 80-90% with the aromatics as major product.

Coking behaviors and kinetics on HZSM-5/SAPO-34 catalysts for conversion of ethanol to propylene

The coke deposition on HZSM-5/SAPO-34 composite catalysts has been studied in the conversion of ethanol to propylene. The HZSM-5/SAPO-34 composite catalysts were synthesized by hydrothermal method (ZS-HS) and fully blending (ZS-MM). The used catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 adsorption–desorption, TGA, TPO, elemental analysis, FTIR and XPS. The coking kinetics on both ZS-HS and ZS-MM has been investigated and their coking rate equations were obtained. The used ZS-MM catalyst had higher amount of coke and lower nC:nH than the used ZS-HS. 90% of the coke was deposited in the micropores of ZS-HS, while almost 45% of the coke located in the micropores of ZS-MM. The coke deposited on ZS-HS catalyst was mainly graphite-like carbon species, whereas dehydrogenated coke species was the major on ZS-MM. The coking activation energy of ZS-MM was lower than that of ZS-HS, and the coking rate on ZS-MM was faster than on ZS-HS. In addition, the regeneration of ZS-MM catalyst showed that it had a good hydrothermal stability. The differences on coking behaviors on the two catalysts were due to their different acidic properties and textures.

Highly dispersed Cr2O3–ZrO2 binary oxide nanomaterials as novel catalysts for ethanol conversion

Novel Cr2O3–ZrO2 binary oxide catalysts (CZ) were successfully prepared by simple co-precipitation method. The as-prepared nanomaterials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectroscopic (EDS) and N2 adsorption. The XRD analysis indicated the formation of amorphous materials of binary oxides, at higher ZrO2 content, which exhibited significantly modified textural characteristics, as indicated by N2 adsorption studies. The characteristics of the binary oxides were dependent on the Cr/Zr ratio. The composite with molar Zr/(Zr+Cr) ratio equals 75% (CZ75), in particular, exhibited significantly higher specific surface areas and porosity than other composites and pure oxides. The TEM images clearly illustrate how ZrO2 could control the particle size of Cr2O3 catalyst. The catalytic conversion of ethanol was studied at 200–400°C. The catalytic activities exhibited by the binary oxides were significantly higher than those of the pure oxides. The total ethanol conversion (TC%) and dehydration/dehydrogenation selectivity were dependent on the Cr/Zr ratio. A CZ75 nanomaterial, treated suitably, can be used as a reusable active catalyst in the ethanol conversion.

Effect of the ZrO2 phase on the structure and behavior of supported Cu catalysts for ethanol conversion

The effect of amorphous (am-), monoclinic (m-), and tetragonal (t-) ZrO2 phase on the physicochemical and catalytic properties of supported Cu catalysts for ethanol conversion was studied. The electronic parameters of Cu/ZrO2 were determined by in situ XAS, and the surface properties of Cu/ZrO2 were defined by XPS and DRIFTS of CO-adsorbed. The results demonstrated that the kind of ZrO2 phase plays a key role in the determination of structure and catalytic properties of Cu/ZrO2 catalysts predetermined by the interface at Cu/ZrO2. The electron transfer between support and Cu surface, caused by the oxygen vacancies at m-ZrO2 and am-ZrO2, is responsible for the active sites for acetaldehyde and ethyl acetate formation. The highest selectivity to ethyl acetate for Cu/m-ZrO2 catalyst up to 513K was caused by the optimal ratio of Cu0/Cu+ species and the high density of basic sites (O2−) associated with the oxygen mobility from the bulk m-ZrO2.

Carbon nanotubes, silica and titania supported heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 as the catalyst for ethanol conversion

The new catalyst: heteropolyacid H3PW12O40 (HPA) supported on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) for ethanol conversion was compared with silica and titania supported heteropolyacid. The ethanol conversion did not depend on the type of the support up to reaction temperature 403K while above 423K ethanol conversion was higher for HPA on CNTs than for unsupported HPA. Generally, the most active catalysts were obtained by using high surface area silica as the support.

Conversion of ethanol into acetone catalysed by iron oxide treated with tellurate ion

A catalyst for conversion of ethanol into acetone was obtained by exposing Fe(OH)3 to 0.05 M H2TeO4 followed by calcination in air at 600 °C; this catalyst showed a selectivity of up to 75% for 94% conversion.