Cassava Production In Nigeria Research Articles

Cassava Production in Nigeria: Trends, Instability and Decomposition Analysis

This study analyzed the compound growth rate (CGR) and the contributions of yield and area to cassava production output in Nigeria. In these analyses, the study factored into consideration, in each of the periods, the triennium beginning (TB) and triennium ending (TE). During the period, TB 1970 – TE 1995, yield oscillated between 10.7t/ha (TE 1972) and 10.6 t/ha (TB 1996). At this period, the CGR for yield (0.7%), area (10.8%) and production (11.5%) were positive. The decomposition analysis for the period revealed that increase in output was largely due to expansion of area under cultivation (115%). However, during the period, TB1996 – TE2017, the huge increase in production was largely as a result of interaction between yield and area effects (56.8%) and yield effect (43.8%). At this period, values of CGR for area (9.5%) and production (7.5%) were positive while that of yield was negative (-1.9%). There was a sharp decline from 11.7t/ha (TE 2011) to 7.9t/ha (TE 2014). The interaction between yield and area as well as yield effect compensated for the negative effect of the shrinking land for cassava cultivation. The study recommends that policy strategies geared towards cutting edge scientific methods can achieve optimum cassava production in Nigeria Keywords: Cassava production, trends, compound growth rate, decomposition analysis DOI: 10.7176/DCS/12-3-04 Publication date: March 31 st 2022

FARM SIZE EFFICIENCY DIFFERENTIALS OF BIO-FORTIFIED CASSAVA PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA: A STOCHASTIC FRONTIER ANALYSIS APPROACH

The study specifically investigated farm size efficiency differentials of bio-fortified cassava production in Nigeria. Data were collected through a cross-sectional survey of bio-fortified cassava producers in Nigeria. The estimated coefficients of the parameters of production variables for small scale bio-fortified cassava farm size (land, herbicide and fertilizer) played a major role in bio-fortified cassava production on a small scale in Nigeria. For the medium and large scale bio-fortified cassava farm size, production variables (land, labor and fertilizer) and (land, labor, herbicide and fertilizer) respectively played a major role in bio-fortified cassava production. The average economic efficiency of the small, medium and large scale bio-fortified cassava producers was 42%, 54% and 63% respectively. Policies intended to increase the popularization and cultivation of bio-fortified cassava in Nigeria should be targeted toward the small and medium scale cassava farmers since they carried the majority of the producer of bio-fortified cassava in Nigeria.

Assessment of human capital development on cassava production in Nigeria: A Case Study of selected farmers in Jema'a Local Government Area, Kaduna State

Assessment of human capital development on cassava production in Nigeria: A Case Study of selected farmers in Jema'a Local Government Area, Kaduna State

South West and North Central Nigeria: Assessment of cassava mosaic disease and field status of African cassava mosaic virus and East African cassava mosaic virus.

Cassava mosaic disease (CMD), caused by cassava mosaic begomoviruses (CMBs), is a major threat to cassava production in Nigeria. The predominant CMBs in Nigeria are African cassava mosaic virus (ACMV), East African cassava mosaic virus (EACMV) and East African cassava mosaic Cameroon virus (EACMCV), which are transmitted through infected stem cuttings and whitefly vectors. This study was conducted in 2015 and 2017 to assess the epidemiology of CMD and the current distribution of CMBs in cassava farms in South West (SW) and North Central (NC) Nigeria. A survey of cassava farms was undertaken, and samples representative of disease symptoms were collected and assessed using molecular techniques. A total of 184 and 328 cassava farms were sampled in 2015 and 2017, respectively. CMD incidence for both regions surveyed was 43.80 and 12.25% in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Fields in SW recorded a higher incidence rate in 2015 (SW: 45.11%, NC: 42.47%), while the reverse occurred in 2017 (SW: 10.90%, NC: 14.01%). Overall, the CMD incidence in Benue State (NC) was significantly higher than other locations surveyed in both years. CMD symptom severity and mean whitefly population were higher in SW Nigeria in the two survey years. ACMV was widespread across both zones, occurring in 79.1% (453/613) and 54.8% (386/704) of cassava leaf samples analysed in 2015 and 2017, respectively. EACMV was detected in only 6.0% (37/613) and 4.7% (33/704) of all cassava leaf samples analysed in 2015 and 2017, respectively. Overall, a higher proportion of infected samples were found in NC in both 2015 (NC: 85.2%, SW: 75.4%) and 2017 (NC: 73.6%, SW: 45.2%). Detection using strain‐specific primers revealed that 97% of EACMV positive samples were indeed infected by the EACMCV strain of the virus. As previously reported, samples with mixed infections showed a higher symptom severity than samples with single ACMV or EACMV infections. This study provides an update to the distribution of CMBs in SW and NC Nigeria and will be useful in development of monitoring and management strategies for the disease in both regions.

Cassava production in Nigeria: trends, instability and decomposition analysis (1970–2018)

This study analyzed the compound growth rate (CGR) and the contributions of yield and area to cassava production output in Nigeria. During the period, TE1970 – TE2018, production followed an upward trajectory from 9.3 million tonnes (1970) to 59.5 million tonnes (2018) while yield oscillated between 7.9tonnes/ha (TE2014) and 11.9tonnes/ha (TE2010). At this period, the CGR per year for yield declined (-0.2%), harvested area increased (10.9%) and production increased (10.6%). The decomposition analysis for the period revealed that, increase in output was largely due to expansion of harvested area (152%) while the interaction between area and yield effect declined production output by 45.8%. Regrettably, during the period, cassava yield also declined production output by 5.8%. The study also found that harvested area has the highest instability index (11.8). In order to further increase and sustain cassava production in Nigeria, intense planting of high yield cassava stems instead of solely expanding cropped area is recommended.

Effects of climatic variability on cassava production in Nigeria

Climate change has brought about irregularity in pattern and intensity of climatic variables such as rainfall and temperature that are important in crop production; making planning in agriculture difficult. The importance of cassava in the diet of Nigerian and its industrial use necessitate the need to examine the effects of climatic variability on cassava production. Secondary data obtained from Nigerian Meteorological Agency (NIMET) were used for the study. Analysis of Variance and Error Correction model were utilized. The study showed that the rainforest zone had the highest averages of annual rainfall (1709mm) and relative humidity (82.1%) while the Sahel savannah had the highest mean annual temperature (35.3oC). The variability in annual rainfall and relative humidity was low in the rainforest zone. The study showed that the rainforest zone had the least dispersion of average annual relative humidity (2.06%) while the guinea savannah had highest dispersion (4.68%). The average cassava output from the agro-ecological zones was 49,118,871MT per year. Rainforest and guinea savannah accounted for 56.3% and 41.9% of total cassava output respectively. There were significant variations in the climatic variables (rainfall and temperature) among the agro-ecological zones but not significant among the years (p>0.05). The annual rainfall and solar radiation were the factors that influenced cassava output in all the agro-ecological zones. The need for affordable irrigation by cassava farmers and the adoption of Climate-Smart Agriculture are recommended to boost cassava production in Sudan savannah and Sahel savannah.

Cassava Production in Nigeria: Trends, Instability and Decomposition Analysis (1970 – 2017)

This study analyzed the compound growth rate (CGR) and the contributions of yield and area to cassava production output in Nigeria. In estimating the trend, the study factored into consideration, triennium ending (TE) to accommodate inter-year fluctuations. During the period, TE1970 – 1995, yield oscillated between 10.7t/ha (TE1972) and 10.6 t/ha (TE1996). At this period, the CGR for yield (0.7%), area (10.8%) and production (11.5%) were positive. The decomposition analysis for the period revealed that increase in output was largely due to expansion of area under cultivation (115%). However, during the period, TE1996 – 2017, the huge increase in production was largely as a result of interaction between yield and area effects (56.8%) and yield effect (43.8%). At this period, values of CGR for area (9.5%) and production (7.5%) were positive while that of yield was negative (-1.9%). There was a sharp decline from 11.7t/ha (TE2011) to 7.9t/ha (TE2014). The interaction between yield and area as well as yield effect compensated for the negative effect of the shrinking land for cassava cultivation. The study recommends that policy strategies geared towards cutting edge scientific methods and best agronomic practices can achieve optimum cassava production in Nigeria.

Profitability of Investment and Farm Level Efficiency Among Groups of Vitamin A Cassava Farmers in Oyo State Nigeria

Biofortified (vitamin A) cassava was developed through convectional breeding similar to most other improved varieties cultivated by Nigeria farmers. Despite its potential in addressing the increasing food demand and malnutrition in the country, lack of empirical knowledge about its yield and return on investment has been a major barrier to the uptake of this technology among farmers in Nigeria. This study examined the socio-economic characteristics of vitamin A cassava farmers; analyzed farm level efficiency and return on investment from vitamin A cassava in the study area; determined the factors affecting farm level efficiency and productivity, and examined the constraint to productivity and profitability among vitamin A cassava farmers. A multistage random sampling was used to select a total of 100 vitamin A cassava farmers in the study area. The data collected were analyzed using descriptive statistics, stochastic frontier production function (SFPF), profitability ratio and regression analysis. The results indicated that investing in vitamin A cassava as a business was very profitable. The result showed that 82% of the respondents were male, the mean age of the farmers was 53.25, 49% had only primary school certificate education, 66% farmed on the land between 1-2 hectares. The result further showed that on the average, total revenue was N261511.90, the total variable cost was N87754, gross margin was N173757.9, total cost was N179828.8, and net income was N81683.05. Mean technical efficiency was 78.73%. The study concluded that vitamin A cassava production in the study area was efficient and profitable. These results have implications for the design of effective advocacy strategies to attract more farmers into vitamin A cassava production in Nigeria.

Determinants of transition in farm size among cassava-based farmers in Nigeria

Cassava production in Nigeria is fraught with varying levels of constraints which reduce its international competitiveness. Consequently, the area of land allotted to cassava production varies widely. This paper analyzed factors that influence changes in farm size among cassava-based farmers in Nigeria. The data employed for the study were sourced from the Living Standards Measurement Study (LSMS)/Integrated Survey Agriculture (ISA) survey which were conducted in 2010/2011 and 2015/2016 covering all 36 states in Nigeria. Analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics, the Markov chain process, and a random effects Poisson model. The Markov analysis revealed that cassava-based farmers in Nigeria are more likely to maintain a small scale level of cassava production or move to a small scale from past medium scale or large scale production. In the long run, the percentages of farmers producing at the small, medium, and large scales were 95.5 percent, 4.28 percent, and 0.24 percent, respectively. The regression results revealed that sex, age, household size, asset ownership, education, cassava income, distance to main road, and access to credit significantly influence change in farm size. The study recommends consistency in agricultural policies and mainstreaming more cassava farmers into the Agricultural Transformation Program.

Revamping Nigerian Economy through Cassava Production

The main kernel of this paper is on revamping Nigerian economy through cassava production. The title of the paper is quite appropriate because of the economic morass Nigeria is currently enveloped. This was as a result of the vagaries price of crude oil in the international market. The Nigerian economy have nosedived and accelerated downward a cliff. There by exacerbating the living condition of vast majority of Nigerians. This unsavoury situation can be arrested or simmered down through the massive production of cassava root crop in Nigeria. A well-articulated and dynamic cassava production policy cum programme of the federal government will help to move the nation out of her economic woods. This will be the orifice for revamping the prostrated economy of Nigeria. Consequently, the paper defined the concept of Nigerian economy. The paper is explicated with the aid of the system theory. The data/information upon which this paper was predicated was collected from secondary sources. It engaged content or historical analysis as the instrument of analysis. The authors examined the interconnection between cassava production and revamping Nigerian economy. Recommendations were made aimed at synergizing cassava production in Nigeria. Epitomizing, the authors concluded that massive cassava production is a desideratum to revamping Nigerian economy.

Effectiveness of Extension Service Delivery and Productivity of Cassava Farmers in Southwestern Nigeria

Cassava production in Nigeria is limited by poor downstream activities. Effective support servicesof relevant stakeholders are critical in removing the limitations. Effectiveness of services of extension agencies as it affects productivity of cassava farmers in southwestern Nigeria was therefore examined. Multi-stage sampling technique was used to select cassava farmers from 20% of Agricultural Development Programme (ADP) extension blocks in Oyo, Ogun and Ondo states based on intensity of cassava production. Forty percent of cassava farmers in 10% of ADP cells in selected blocks were randomly selected, producing 153, 127 and 96 respondents for the states respectively. Data obtained through interview schedule were subjected to descriptive and inferential statistics at p=0.05. Most respondents were males (74.7%), married (97.1%) and members of farmers’ association (71.0%) while 59.6% had no formal education. Mean age was 47.9±11.79 years, farm size 4.6±2.03/ ha, family size 6.5±0.46 persons and farming experience 24.7±12.55 years. Most respondents were males (74.7%), married (97.1%) and members of farmers’ association (71.0%) while 59.6% had no formal education. Mean age was 47.9±11.79 years, farm size 4.6±2.03/ ha, family size 6.5±0.46 persons and farming experience 24.7±12.55 years. Majority of the respondents had low access to extension (4.62±1.24), Service effectiveness rating was low for extension (13.3±5.16). Respondents considered irregular visits of extension agents (100.0%) as the most severe constraints to utilization of services. Majority (80.9%) recorded low productivity. Respondents’ productivity was influenced by farming experience (β=-0.193), family size (β=-0.111), farm size (β=-0.187), membership of association (β=0.112), and production capacity (β=0.096. Extension agencies were not effectively meeting the aspirations of cassava farmers. Extension agencies should therefore be more accessible and provide cassava farmers with effective support services for improved productivity.

Assessment of cassava supply response in Nigeria using vector error correction model (VECM)

Abstract The response of agricultural commodities to changes in price is an important factor in the success of any reform programme in agricultural sector of Nigeria. The producers of traditional agricultural commodities, such as cassava, face the world market directly. Consequently, the producer price of cassava has become unstable, which is a disincentive for both its production and trade. This study investigated cassava supply response to changes in price. Data collected from FAOSTAT from 1966 to 2010 were analysed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) approach. The results of the VECM for the estimation of short run adjustment of the variables toward their long run relationship showed a linear deterministic trend in the data and that Area cultivated and own prices jointly explained 74% and 63% of the variation in the Nigeria cassava output in the short run and long-run respectively. Cassava prices (P<0.001) and land cultivated (P<0.1) had positive influence on cassava supply in the short-run. The short-run price elasticity was 0.38 indicating that price policies were effective in the short-run promotion of cassava production in Nigeria. However, in the long-run elasticity cassava was not responsive to price incentives significantly. This suggests that price policies are not effective in the long-run promotion of cassava production in the country owing to instability in governance and government policies.

Identification of Efficient Cropping Zones for Cassava Production in Nigeria

Identification of Efficient Cropping Zones for Cassava Production in Nigeria

Empirical Analysis of Cassava Production in Nigeria and its Implication on Food Security

The results of the analysis showed that over the period growth rates of cassava production are 63.1, 5718 and 122.1 percent and the compound rates of growth of cassava area are 87.7, 610 and 6.69 percent for the pre-Structural Adjustment Programme, Structural Adjustment Programme and post-Structural Adjustment Programme periods respectively. Cassava productivity during post-SAP periods experienced relatively lower instabilitycompared to other two periods. However, stagnation was confirmed during the pre-SAP and SAP period. Moreover, there was a significant increase in the growth of cassava production in the post Structural Adjustment Programme period implies that the policy reforms in the period has favoured the effective increased in the growth of cassava production over that of other periods in Nigeria. Therefore, SAP programme despite growth in the production itdoes not significantly favors the productivity of cassava in Nigeria. The study, therefore, suggest consolidation of various initiatives and programmes by the Federal Government in the expansion and promotion of cassava toachieve higher yield in order to curb the widespread of food insecurity in the country.

Constraints in the Application of Biotechnology to Cassava Production in Nigeria

Biotechnology has potential to enhance the production of agricultural and industrial products for achieving food security and economic development. In agriculture, biotechnology enhances the production of high yielding and disease resistance crops necessary for achieving food security and industrial development. This paper examines the constraints in the application of biotechnology research to the production of cassava in Nigeria. The study utilized primary data collected through questionnaire administration and interview from three research institutions working on cassava biotechnology in Nigeria. Findings showed that weak infrastructural facilities, poor funding, inadequate competent personnel and absence of appropriate legislation are the constraints in the application of biotechnology to cassava production in Nigeria. In addition, one out of the three research institutions has adequate and regular electricity supply through its own captive power plant while the remaining two research institutions relied more on electricity from the national grid. Inadequate funding and shortage of competent personnel were peculiar challenge confronting all the research institutions covered by the study. The study recommends improvement in electricity supply, production of more biotechnology scientists and adequate funding to enhance biotechnology research in Nigeria.

Constraints in the Application of Biotechnology to Cassava Production in Nigeria

Biotechnology has potential to enhance the production of agricultural and industrial products for achieving food security and economic development. In agriculture, biotechnology enhances the production of high yielding and disease resistance crops necessary for achieving food security and industrial development. This paper examines the constraints in the application of biotechnology research to the production of cassava in Nigeria. The study utilized primary data collected through questionnaire administration and interview from three research institutions working on cassava biotechnology in Nigeria. Findings showed that weak infrastructural facilities, poor funding, inadequate competent personnel and absence of appropriate legislation are the constraints in the application of biotechnology to cassava production in Nigeria. In addition, one out of the three research institutions has adequate and regular electricity supply through its own captive power plant while the remaining two research institutions relied more on electricity from the national grid. Inadequate funding and shortage of competent personnel were peculiar challenge confronting all the research institutions covered by the study. The study recommends improvement in electricity supply, production of more biotechnology scientists and adequate funding to enhance biotechnology research in Nigeria.

Constraints in the Application of Biotechnology to Cassava Production in Nigeria

Biotechnology has potential to enhance the production of agricultural and industrial products for achieving food security and economic development. In agriculture, biotechnology enhances the production of high yielding and disease resistance crops necessary for achieving food security and industrial development. This paper examines the constraints in the application of biotechnology research to the production of cassava in Nigeria. The study utilized primary data collected through questionnaire administration and interview from three research institutions working on cassava biotechnology in Nigeria. Findings showed that weak infrastructural facilities, poor funding, inadequate competent personnel and absence of appropriate legislation are the constraints in the application of biotechnology to cassava production in Nigeria. In addition, one out of the three research institutions has adequate and regular electricity supply through its own captive power plant while the remaining two research institutions relied more on electricity from the national grid. Inadequate funding and shortage of competent personnel were peculiar challenge confronting all the research institutions covered by the study. The study recommends improvement in electricity supply, production of more biotechnology scientists and adequate funding to enhance biotechnology research in Nigeria. DOI: 10.5901/ajis.2013.v2n10p105

The Future of Cassava Production in Nigeria

This work was inspired by a genuine desire to reduce poverty in the Nigerian society, generate employment, promote rural development, increase export and also serve as a panacea to the countrys over-dependence on crude oil. The objective of this study is therefore to establish the current potential of cassava production in Nigeria with a view to developing and actualizing them. In achieving this objective, figures for cassava annual production outputs were obtained from records kept by relevant organizations for the past twenty eight years (1980-2007). The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) 15.0 was used to analyze the data to obtain the best time series model that can predict the annual cassava output. The linear model obtained predicted production output at about 56 and 60 millions tonnes of cassava by the year 2017 and 2020, respectively. These figures were quite very small when compared with targets of 150 million tonnes in 2020 set by stakeholders in agriculture in successive governments. This necessitated the identification of the current constraints militating against cassava production and the possible way forward. Therefore, questionnaires were distributed and the Likert Scale used for analysis to determine the constraints militating against cassava production and proffer solutions. In charting a way forward, efforts by past administrations at improving cassava production were appraised. Consequently, the research recommended the provision of agricultural inputs such as credit facilities and infrastructural facilities as key measures necessary for enhanced cassava production.

Neighbors’ soil conservation and crop production in Kenya

This study examined efficient farm management in a friendly policy environment and its implications for agricultural production in Nigeria using the cassava industry as a case study. Data were collected from randomly sampled 360 cassava farmers in Benue State. In-depth analysis of data collected was done using the stochastic frontier production function model. The result of the stochastic frontier production model indicated that government policy which favoured increased input use in cassava production in Nigeria resulted to more than proportionate increase in cassava output in Nigeria. The policy packages on cassava resulted to efficient utilization of production resources in cassava production in Nigeria, and hence profit maximization by the farmers. Technical efficiency in cassava production in Nigeria could be increased by 24% through better use of available resources given the current state of technology – via farmer-specific factors, which included access to improved cassava varieties, access to improved cassava processing technology, access to available cassava markets, access to improved extension services and agricultural credits. Moreover, 98% of the variations in input among the farms were due to differences in technical efficiency occasioned by differences in the relative access of cassava farmers to the cassava policy packages.

Evaluation of the effect of agricultural extension delivery in Cassava production in Nigeria: a case study of Cross River State of Nigeria

Evaluation of the effect of agricultural extension delivery in Cassava production in Nigeria: a case study of Cross River State of Nigeria