Cases Of Rhinitis Research Articles

Role of septoplasty in allergic rhinitis

<p><strong>Background:</strong> It is a prospective study of 30 cases of allergic rhinitis with deviated nasal septum presented to our hospital. Analysis is done on the basis of age and sex distribution, severity of the symptoms pre and post operatively, according to nasal obstruction symptom evaluation (NOSE) scale and allergic rhinitis control test (ARCT) questionnaire which assess the quality of life.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Detailed history taking and clinical examination was done. All the patients were assessed the severity of their symptoms based on a NOSE scale. An ARCT questionnaire was given to patients prior to surgery(septoplasty) and after 3 months of it.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>In study we have observed that in the age group was 20-30years. Majority of the patients were males. The most common symptom is nasal obstruction followed by sneezing, rhinorhhea, pruritis, headache etc. The mean decrease in the NOSE score was statistically significant (before septoplasty NOSE score =14.6 and after septoplasty NOSE score=8.1). There is also improvement in quality of life which was measured by allergic rhinitis control test (ARCT) score. ARCT before septoplasty 10.2 and after 19.2.</p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The study shows most common combined symptoms are nasal blockage with rhinorrhoea, more affecting the age group of 18 to 30 years, males, with deviated nasal septum towards left seen more commonly. Patients of allergic rhinitis with deviated nasal septum are benefited with septoplasty, improved symptoms like nasal obstruction and stuffiness etc. and the quality of life by decrease in the severity of allergic symptoms.</p>

Prevalence, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment of nonallergic rhinitis: real-world comparison with allergic rhinitis.

Rhinitis is among the most common respiratory diseases in children. Nonallergic rhinitis, which involves nasal symptoms without evidence of systemic allergic inflammation or infection, is a heterogeneous entity with diverse manifestations and intensities. Nonallergic rhinitis accounts for 16%–89% of the chronic rhinitis cases, affecting 1%–50% (median 10%) of the total pediatric population. The clinical course of nonallergic rhinitis is generally rather mild and less likely to be associated with allergic comorbidities than allergic rhinitis. Here, we aimed to estimate the rate of coexisting comorbidities of nonallergic rhinitis. Nonallergic rhinitis is more prevalent during the first 2 years of life; however, its underestimation for children with atopic tendencies is likely due to low positive rates of specific allergic tests during early childhood. Local allergic rhinitis is a recently noted phenotype with rates similar to those in adults (median, 44%; range, 4%–67%), among patients previously diagnosed with nonallergic rhinitis. Idiopathic rhinitis, a subtype of nonallergic rhinitis, has been poorly studied in children, and its rates are known to be lower than those in adults. The prevalence of nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome is even lower. A correlation between nonallergic rhinitis and pollution has been suggested owing to the recent increase in nonallergic rhinitis rates in highly developing regions such as some Asian countries, but many aspects remain unknown. Conventional treatments include antihistamines, intranasal corticosteroids, and recent treatments include combination of intranasal corticosteroids with azelastin or decongestants. Here we review the prevalence, diagnosis, comorbidities, and treatment recommendations for nonallergic rhinitis versus allergic rhinitis in children.

Aerobiology in South Africa: A new hope!

Pollen and fungal spores (aerospora) are the major atmospheric bioaerosols. Aerospora occurrence and concentration vary by geographical region and blossoming period, and with meteorological factors. Allergic respiratory diseases affect about 20 million South Africans, with pollen and fungal allergens amongst the leading triggers. Asthma triggered by aerospora can be life threatening; allergic rhinitis causes considerable morbidity and carries financial implications for individuals and health systems. Thus, knowledge about geographical variation, seasonal timing and intensity, as well as annual aerospora fluctuations in South Africa, where climate and vegetation are exceptionally diverse, is essential for effective diagnosis and treatment of allergies. Unfortunately, there is a lack of continuous aeropalynological data from South Africa. The longest annual monitoring exists for Cape Town (~20 years), with almost no data out of the Cape since the 1990s, and many parts of South Africa have never been monitored. In this brief review, we highlight the cross-disciplinary need for strengthened and expanded continuous aeropalynological study in South Africa, the history of efforts to date, and the introduction of the interdisciplinary South African Pollen Network (SAPNET). SAPNET was launched in seven major cities in August 2019 in order to monitor weekly variations of aerospora, and provide online data for allergy sufferers and health-care providers (www.pollencount.co.za) with the aim to establish regional pollen calendars.
 Significance:
 
 The significance of aerobiology as the study of airborne organic particles which include pollen, spores of fungi and cryptogams, plant hair, insect remains etc. especially as agents of allergic rhinitis (commonly known as hay fever) is outlined. Cases of allergic rhinitis are globally increasing due to current climate change.
 Very limited pollen monitoring data are available for South Africa; such data are a prerequisite for establishing pollen calendars to help medical practitioners and allergy sufferers. SAPNET (South African Pollen Network) addresses this lack of data. Since August 2019, seven 7-day volumetric spore traps have been operating in South Africa in major cities, and are continuously gathering data about the pollen and spore contents in a country which is highly affected by allergic rhinitis.

Prevalence of Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae serotype 61:k:1:5:(7) in nasal secretions and stool of sheep flocks with and without cases of chronic proliferative rhinitis

Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae serotype 61: k: 1,5, (7) (SED) is a microorganism well adapted to sheep; however, it has also been described producing chronic proliferative rhinitis (CPR) in ovine. CPR causes a proliferative inflammation of the ventral nasal turbinates that may totally obstruct the nasal cavity.The main objective of the present study was to investigate the prevalence of SED in nostrils and stool of sheep without CPR clinical signs in commercial sheep farms of Spain with and without previous clinical cases of CPR.Five samplings were performed in 10 commercial sheep farms for one year. Samples from nostrils and faeces were taken from four animals without CPR visible clinical signs that belonged to four different age ranges at each farm visit.The prevalence of positive animals was 45.3 %, and the number of positive samples in nostrils was higher than in faeces (38.5 % vs 22.5 %). Only on one farm was no positive result obtained in the entire study. In almost all positive farms, sheep belonging to the youngest age ranges accounted for more than 50 % of positive isolates. Finally, farms with a previous diagnosis of CPR were 1.784 times more likely to have an animal with positive isolation than farms without a previous diagnosis. This could suggest that the infection pressure in the farm might favour the occurrence of clinical cases of the disease. However, further studies will be necessary to unravel why this saprophytic bacterium is able to cross the epithelial barrier causing severe rhinitis in certain animals.

Soy Skin Prick Test in Patients with Physician-Diagnosed Atopic Disorders

Abstract Background Soy protein is an important component of soybeans and is one the 8 most significant food allergens. Yet, the prevalence of soy allergy in the pediatric population is not well defined. Objectives To evaluate the incidence of IgE mediated soy protein sensitization among children with clinical manifestation of atopic disorders by the use of skin prick test (SPT) for soy protein. Methods Two hundred patients with atopic manifestations attending the Pediatric Allergy and Immunology Clinic at the Pediatric Department of Ain shams University, were recruited between January 2017 till January 2018. They were subjected to SPT to soy protein, measurement of total serum IgE and eosinophilic count in the peripheral blood. Results Of the 200 patients, 108 (54%) were males and 92 (46%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.17:1. Their ages ranged between 2 years and 15 years (mean±SD; 6.0±33.3 years). Seven patients (3.5%) had positive skin prick test to soy protein. The mean value for the absolute eosinophilic count was 0.4x109/L. The median for the total serum IgE level was 50 IU/L. According to age, the highest percentage of soy protein sensitivity was elicited among patients less than 3 years (57.14%), followed by those between 3 to 6 years (28.5%) and those between 6 and 15 years (14.28%). A positive family history of atopy was recorded in 122 (61%) of all cases. In terms of gender, incidence of soya sensitivity was higher among males than females but with no statistical difference. Although the most common allergic manifestations of all studied patients were respiratory (83%), and atopic dermatitis (22.5%), yet positive SPT to soy proteins was elicited in 43% in allergic rhinitis cases, in 29% of asthma patients, in 14% of patients with combined asthma and allergic rhinitis, and 14.3% of patients having eczema. Conclusion Soy protein sensitization is not uncommon in children especially in those with atopic manifestations. Large scale studies are needed to evaluate the actual incidence of soy protein hypersensitivity in children.

COVID-19 versus Allergic Rhinitis

COVID-19 is a new contagious, deadly viral/immunological systemic disorder with predominantly respiratory features caused by human infection with SARS-CoV-2, which is rapidly spreading from person-to-person all around the world as a pandemic, whereas, Allergic Rhinitis is an old non-contagious, non-deadly, and non-viral disorder with nasal inflammation which occurs when the immune system overreacts to allergens. Mild to moderate COVID-19 can be mistaken with Allergic Rhinitis. Fever, dry cough, dyspnea, fatigue, body ache, anosmia, and lack of taste are the cardinal feature of COVID-19, whereas runny nose, stuffy nose, sneezing, postnasal discharge, itchy eyes, and itchy skin are the cardinal feature of Allergic Rhinitis. Some of the cardinal feature of COVID-19 can be accessory feature of Allergic Rhinitis and vice versa. These two diseases are usually distinguishable by an expert physician. At the same time, an inexperienced physician will easily confuse them. The known cases of Allergic Rhinitis have allergies in this spring or year similar to previous years, not COVID-19, unless this time the symptoms are sudden, new, or more severe, and with previous conventional allergy treatment; don’t give up and get even worse. In fact, the mission of this article is to provide the easiest way to differentiate these two diseases. In the SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in the Red zones, when we cannot differentiate these two diseases; Allergic Rhinitis should be discarded in favor of COVID-19.

Minimal-Access Endoscopic Endonasal Management of Dysthyroid Optic Neuropathy: The Dysthone Study

Dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) is a devastating complication of thyroid eye disease. Corticosteroids are the primary medical treatment for DON, but some refractory patients may require surgical management. To evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic endonasal decompression of the orbital apex in refractory DON. This study included patients with refractory DON who underwent endoscopic endonasal decompression of the orbital apex from February 2015 to October 2016. A total of 23 orbital apices were decompressed across 17 patients. Visual acuity, ophthalmometry, tonometry, and visual field were evaluated at the preoperative, early and delayed postoperative stages. Statistical analyses were performed using RStudio software. A Wilcoxon test for matched data was performed to determine if there was a statistically significant difference between pre- and postsurgical treatment for the following items: visual acuity, proptosis, visual field, and intraocular pressure. Visual acuity improved in 69.5% of the cases with a mean gain of 2.5 points±1.6 (P<.05). Additionally, there was an 18.3% reduction in mean proptosis across all cases (P<.05) and a 13.7% decrease in intraocular pressure (P<.05) for all patients. Finally, visual field improved in 82.6% (P<.05) of the cases. The mean time for follow-up was of 6.28±3.7 mo. There were 3 cases of transient postoperative rhinitis and 2 cases of transient diplopia. Two patients experienced recurrence at 4 and 8 mo, respectively. Endoscopic endonasal decompression of the orbital apex significantly improves visual parameters. As a result, multidisciplinary screening for patients is crucial to ensure prompt surgical decompression.

The Clinical Significance of Nasal Nitric Oxide Concentrations in Preschool Children with Nasal Inflammatory Disease

Background: Allergic rhinitis is an allergic inflammation of the nasal airways, and chronic rhinosinusitis is an inflammation of the paranasal sinuses. It can be induced by infection, allergy, or autoimmune problems. Diagnosis of these two diseases is made primarily based on clinical symptoms, allergen test, and imaging. The allergen test is invasive and expensive. The imaging test is harmful to children. Measurement of nasal nitric oxide (NNO) was noninvasive, without radiation, and inexpensive. This study was to evaluate the clinical significance of NNO in preschool children with nasal inflammatory diseases. Methods: A total of 55 cases of allergic rhinitis, including 35 mild cases and 20 moderate to severe cases, and 33 cases of chronic rhinosinusitis, including 18 mild cases and 15 moderate to severe cases were selected as the experimental group. Fifty healthy preschool children were chosen as the control group. The levels of NNO in all children were measured. The differences in the levels of NNO among allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, and the control group were compared. The levels of NNO in the control group were also analyzed. Results: The levels of NNO were significantly higher in preschool children with allergic rhinitis than in the control group, and the differences were significant. However, the levels of NNO in preschool children with chronic rhinosinusitis were lower than in the control group. In the control group, the levels of NNO were not significantly different between genders, and no significant correlation between NNO levels and the children’s height was found. Conclusion: As a noninvasive method for detecting nasal inflammatory diseases, measuring the levels of NNO had a high clinical significance in preschool children.

Chronic bronchitis without airflow obstruction, asthma and rhinitis are differently associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases.

Cardiovascular and respiratory diseases can frequently coexist. Understanding their link may improve disease management. We aimed at assessing the associations of chronic bronchitis (CB), asthma and rhinitis with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors in the general population. We used data collected in the Gene Environment Interactions in Respiratory Diseases study, an Italian multicentre, multicase-control study. Among 2463 participants (age 21-86, female 50%) who underwent standardized interviews, skin prick and lung function tests, we identified 254 cases of CB without airflow obstruction, 418 cases of asthma without CB, 959 cases of rhinitis alone, and 832 controls. The associations of respiratory diseases with reported cardiovascular risk factors (lifestyles, hypertension, dyslipidaemia), heart disorders (myocardial infarction, coronary thrombosis, angina, aorta or heart surgery) and intermittent claudication were estimated through relative risk ratios (RRR) by multinomial logistic regression models. Compared to controls, CB cases were more likely to be heavy smokers, alcohol consumers, physically inactive, and to suffer from hypertension or dyslipidaemia; rhinitis cases were less obese but more likely to have hypertension. Asthma was significantly associated with current smoking. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, heart disorders were associated with CB (RRR[95%CI]: 1.58[1.12-2.22]) and rhinitis (1.35[0.98-1.85]) and intermittent claudication was associated with CB (3.43[2.52-4.67]), asthma (1.51[1.04-2.21]) and rhinitis (2.03[1.34-3.07]). CB, asthma and rhinitis were associated with cardiovascular risk factors and diseases. In particular, CB shared with cardiovascular diseases almost all risk factors and was strongly associated with a higher risk of heart disorders and intermittent claudication.

Dynamics of the occupational respiratory diseases in Bulgaria in the period 2009-2016

Abstract Background The number of occupational respiratory diseases has declined in recent years in Bulgaria. This is the result of technological advance, mechanization and automation of the processes generating high levels of dust in the work environment; adequate ventilation; personal protective equipment and, last but not least, the training of workers on preventive approaches. Methods The aim of the study is to find out the trends of registered occupational respiratory diseases in Bulgaria in 2009-2016, according to official statistics. Analytical and statistical methods were used. Results In 2016, the number of occupational diseases (n = 33), registered in Bulgaria decreased by 71.55% compared to 2009 (n = 116). In 2009, the relative share of silicosis from respiratory occupational diseases was 47.54% (n = 29), while in 2016 it grew to 64.29% (n = 9). Its share is also increasing as part of all occupational diseases in Bulgaria from 25% in 2009 to 27,27% in 2016. The registered cases of chronic rhinitis, nasopharyngitis and pharyngitis for the whole period are only 2, of professional asthma - 3; of chronic bronchitis - 5, less than cases of asbestosis - 9. In 2009, there were five reported cases of talcosis and the total number of cases of siderosis was 23 for the period of eight years. There are 4 cases of other pneumoconiosis and 2 of pneumoconiosis associated with tuberculosis, as well as 10 cases of toxic pulmonary fibrosis during the whole period. Conclusions It is worth noting the small number of occupational respiratory diseases that could be caused by other factors not necessarily related to the work environment, such as chronic bronchitis and asthma, although they are significantly more frequent than those mandatory caused by occupational hazards such as silicosis, asbestosis and toxic pulmonary fibrosis. This means that a significant proportion of these cases are counted as common chronic non-communicable diseases with significant negative social consequences. Key messages The registered occupational respiratory diseases decrease, but the relative share of those with strictly professional etiology, such as silicosis, is growing. A significant proportion of occupational respiratory diseases are reported as chronic non-communicable diseases.

Effects of budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule on symptom improvement and serum T cell subsets and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) levels in patients with allergic rhinitis

Objective To investigate the effect of budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule on symptom improvement and serum T cell subsets and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) levels in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods From February 2015 to April 2017, 107 cases of allergic rhinitis in Yuncheng Central Hospital were divided into two groups according to the different ways of treatment.Fifty-three cases in the control group were treated with budesonide nasal spray and ebastine, 54 cases in the study group were treated with Xinqin granule based on the control group.The improvement of nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, nasal itching symptom score and serum VCAM-1, T cell subsets (CD3＋, CD4＋, CD19＋) levels of the two groups were analyzed and compared before treatment and after half a month of the treatment.The clinical effect and incidence of adverse reactions were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment for half a month, the nasal congestion, sneezing, runny nose, nasal itching symptom scores of the study group were lower than those of the control group(all P<0.05). The clinical effect of the study group[87.04%(47/54)] was higher than that of the control group[67.92%(31/53), χ2=2.970, P<0.05]. After treatment for half a month, the serum VCAM-1, CD3＋, CD4＋ and CD19＋ levels in the study group were better than those in the control group[(572.26±120.67)ng/L vs.(864.87±238.56)ng/L, (68.69±3.31)% vs.(72.08±4.29)%, (39.79±3.28)% vs.(44.61±4.78)%, (10.79±1.64)% vs.(13.61±2.18)%](all P<0.05). The incidence rate of adverse reactions in the study group was 11.11%(6/54). which in the control group was 5.66%(3/53), the difference was not statistically significant (χ2=0.445, P=0.504). Conclusion Budesonide nasal spray and ebastine combined with Xinqin granule in the treatment of patients with allergic rhinitis has significant effect.It can significantly improve the levels of serum VCAM-1 and T cell subsets with high security. Key words: Rhinitis, allergic, perennial; Budesonide; Ebastine; Xinqin granule; Treatment outcome

Depression is associated with poor control of symptoms in asthma and rhinitis: A population-based study.

Although many studies have highlighted the link between asthma/rhinitis and depression, it is still unclear which characteristics of these diseases are associated with the risk of depression. We aimed to explore the relationship between depression and asthma or rhinitis in a representative sample of the Italian general population. The data were collected in GEIRD, an Italian multicenter, population-based, multicase-control study. 2227 participants (age 21-86 years, female 50%) underwent standardized interviews, skin prick and lung function tests, and were divided into cases of current asthma (n = 528), rhinitis without asthma (n = 972), and controls (n = 727). Two specific questions from the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-2) were asked to identify symptoms of depressed mood and anhedonia, which were used as a proxy of major depression disorder. The prevalence of depression was 16.7%, 11.9%, and 5.1% in subjects with asthma, rhinitis and controls, respectively. Both in asthma and rhinitis, subjects with depression had worse respiratory-health related quality of life and more frequent disease-related symptoms than their non-depressed counterparts. In asthma, depression was associated with poorer disease control. In rhinitis, depression was significantly associated with a disease-related limitations in daily activities and greater risk of symptom exacerbations and prescriptions of medicines for breathing. Cases of rhinitis with depression were less likely to be atopic. Our results suggest that rhinitis exacerbations, particularly in non-atopic subjects, and low asthma control are strongly related to the presence of depressed mood in adults from the general population.

Food processing and occupational respiratory allergy- An EAACI position paper.

Occupational exposure to foods is responsible for up to 25% of cases of occupational asthma and rhinitis. Animal and vegetable high-molecular-weight proteins present in aerosolized foods during food processing, additives, preservatives, antioxidants, and food contaminants are the main inhalant allergen sources. Most agents typically cause IgE-mediated allergic reactions, causing a distinct form of food allergy (Class 3 food allergy). The allergenicity of a food protein, allergen exposure levels, and atopy are important risk factors. Diagnosis relies on a thorough medical and occupational history, functional assessment, assessment of sensitization, including component-resolved diagnostics where appropriate, and in selected cases specific inhalation tests. Exposure assessment, including allergen determination, is a cornerstone for establishing preventive measures. Management includes allergen exposure avoidance or reduction (second best option), pharmacological treatment, assessment of impairment, and worker's compensation. Further studies are needed to identify and characterize major food allergens and define occupational exposure limits, evaluate the relative contribution of respiratory versus cutaneous sensitization to food antigens, evaluate the role of raw versus cooked food in influencing risk, and define the absolute or relative contraindication of patients with ingestion-related food allergy, pollinosis, or oral allergy syndrome continuing to work with exposure to aerosolized food allergens.

Non-Traumatic Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak from a Sphenoid Sinus Midline Roof Defect Previously Managed as Allergic Rhinitis

Objective: To present a case of a non-traumatic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea from a midline sphenoid sinus roof that presented as a persistent postnasal drip and was previously managed as allergic rhinitis for 43 years.&#x0D; &#x0D; Methods:&#x0D; Design: Case Report&#x0D; Setting: Tertiary Private University Hospital&#x0D; Participants: One&#x0D; &#x0D; Results: A 58-year-old obese and hypertensive man presented with persistent post nasal drip and intermittent clear watery rhinorrhea. He had been managed as a case of allergic rhinitis for 43 years and was maintained on nasal steroid sprays without relief. Nasal endoscopy revealed pulsating clear watery discharge from the sphenoid ostium. On trans-sphenoidal surgery, a midline sphenoid sinus roof defect was sealed using a Hadad-Bassagasteguy flap.&#x0D; &#x0D; Conclusion: CSF rhinorrhea is uncommon and may mimic more common diseases such as allergic rhinitis. Because misdiagnosis can then lead to life threatening complications, physicians should be vigilant when seeing patients with clear watery rhinorrhea to be able to arrive at a proper diagnosis and provide prompt treatment.&#x0D; &#x0D; Keywords: cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea; cerebrospinal fluid leak; sphenoid sinus midline roof defect

Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de casos de asma e rinite alérgica atendidos no Hospital Estadual da Criança, Feira de Santana – BA

INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças respiratórias ocorrem em todo o mundo e acredita-se que existam milhões de portadores de Asma, Rinite Alérgica e Bronquite Crônica, nos mais diversos grupos etários. OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico dos casos de asma e rinite alérgica atendidos em um ambulatório de Pneumologia Pediátrica. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de um estudo transversal, de dados secundários, de natureza descritiva, realizado em ambulatório de pneumologia pediátrica na cidade de Feira de Santana (BA), no período de janeiro a março de 2018, com 52 prontuários. Coleta de dados efetuada por formulário dos Módulos de Asma e Rinite do Questionário ISAAC e uma ficha para identificar o perfil socioeconômico desses casos. RESULTADOS: a idade média dos pacientes foi de 6 anos, houve predomínio do sexo masculino em 29 (56,86%) prontuários. A ocorrência de sinais e sintomas respiratórios associados à asma e/ou rinite alérgica foi de (96,29%). Foi verificado também que (32,69%) das crianças de 0 a 5 anos já apresentaram sibilos alguma vez na vida, (30,77%) tiveram crise de asma, (26,92%) apresentou coriza ou espirros sem estar resfriado, e (21,15%) já tiveram crise de rinite alérgica. CONCLUSÃO: Alta prevalência de asma e rinite alérgica ocorre em crianças atendidas em ambulatório. Entre os sinais e sintomas mais frequentes detectados pelo ISAAC, destacam-se sibilos, crises de asma, coriza, resfriado e rinite alérgica.

Study of eosinophil count in nasal smear and peripheral blood smear in children with allergic rhinitis

Background: Allergic respiratory disorders are the common cases seen in Pediatrics OPD. With an appropriate history and detailed examination, the diagnosis usually may not be problematic and routine investigations may not contribute much for the final diagnosis but may help in ruling other possibilities. The objectives of this study were done to know the eosinophil counts in nasal and blood smear and to assess the feasibility of nasal cytogram which is simple, economical and reliable investigation in patients of allergic respiratory disorders.Methods: A prospective clinical correlation study conducted in outpatient visiting Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Cheluvamba hospital Department of Pediatrics and ENT Department KR hospital. 60 children of age group between 2 to 18 years were selected to estimate the eosinophil count in nasal and peripheral smear in allergic rhinitis. All allergic rhinitis cases based on clinical signs and symptoms were selected and investigated for nasal and blood eosinophilia. The nasal and blood eosinophilia were compared with each other and the clinical findings of allergic rhinitis were studied.Results: In this study peak age incidence is between 6-10 years and there is equal gender distribution. Seasonal variation and pollen allergens were the most common risk factors for allergic rhinitis. Running nose and the nasal obstruction were the most common symptoms in children with allergic rhinitis followed by sneezing and itching. One tenth of the children with allergic rhinitis had bronchial asthma. Nasal eosinophilia contributes to the diagnosis of allergic rhinitis as compared blood eosinophilia. Mild intermittent variety of allergic rhinitis was the most common form of allergic rhinitis.Conclusions: Among various risk factors for allergic rhinitis, seasonal variation and pollen allergens have significant association with the severity of allergic rhinitis. Among various symptomology, only itching had a significant relation to the severity of allergic rhinitis.

Allergic rhinitis increases the risk of incident panic disorder among young individuals: A nationwide population-based cohort study in Taiwan

BackgroundStudies have reported an association between allergy and panic disorder. However, few studies have explored the relationship between allergic rhinitis and panic disorder. Previous studies were limited by cross-sectional study designs, self-reported symptoms, absence of matched controls, and lack of consideration of the influence of steroid and comorbidities. This study aimed to explore the longitudinal association between allergic rhinitis and panic disorder in a large population-based cohort of young people. MethodsIn this study, 79,917 new cases of allergic rhinitis between 1998 and 2012 in individuals younger than 20 years were identified from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database. One control (nonallergic rhinitis) per case (allergic rhinitis) was randomly selected from the remaining sample, matching for age, sex, residence, and insurance premium. Both groups were followed until the end of 2013 for incidence of panic disorder. Cox regression analysis was performed, adjusting for sex, age, residence, insurance premium, systemic steroids, asthma, atopic dermatitis, allergic conjunctivitis, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, and Charlson index. ResultsAllergic rhinitis was associated with a 2-fold increase in risk for panic disorder after adjustment for other variables. Additional independent risk factor of panic disorders were female sex, older age group, and depression. LimitationsLifestyle, substance use, smoking by the patient or family members, and psychosocial stressors were not evaluated. ConclusionsAllergic rhinitis was associated with increased risk of panic disorder. Assessment and intervention of allergy rhinitis among young people with panic disorder are critical.

At-a-glance - Pollens, climate and allergies: Quebec initiatives.

Pollen allergies are a major source of seasonal allergic rhinitis in North America. This type of rhinitis affects 17% of adults in Quebec, a marked increase in the last 30 years. Ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) pollens are responsible for 50% to 90% of rhinitis cases. Climate change has played a significant role in the increased prevalence of seasonal allergic rhinitis over the last few decades. In 2015, the Quebec government put in place a strategy to tackle this problem, the Stratégie québécoise de réduction de l'herbe à poux et des autres pollens allergènes [Quebec strategy to reduce ragweed and other allergenic pollens]. Based on solid evidence, the Strategy advocates for co-operation between stakeholders and the integration of control measures into the maintenance practices of municipalities and other large public and private landowners. This article presents the scientific data underpinning the Strategy and initial successes of the action taken under the Strategy.

Characterization and comparison of strains of Pasteurella multocida associated with cases of progressive atrophic rhinitis and porcine pneumonia in Argentina.

Background:Pasteurella multocida (Pm) is the causative agent of progressive atrophic rhinitis (PAR) and pneumonic pasteurellosis (PN) in pigs. Pm is a member of the porcine respiratory complex responsible for important economic loss in the pig industry.Aim:This study aimed to characterize the Pm strains recovered from clinical cases of PN and PAR and to elucidate the antibiotic susceptibility profiles of the strains.Materials and Methods:Sixty strains were characterized molecularly by polymerase chain reaction to determine species-specific gene, capsular type (A or D), and toxin A production. The agar diffusion method was employed to evaluate antibiotic resistance profiles.Results:We found that 65% of strains belonged to capsular type A or D, and 15% of those were positive to toxA gene. The antibiotic susceptibility profiles found were sensitive in decreasing order to: Enrofloxacin, ceftiofur (CTF), ampicillin, tilmicosin (TIL), florfenicol (FFN), spectinomycin (SPC), gentamicin, oxytetracycline (OTC), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMS). Strains were resistant in decreasing order to: Lincomycin (LIN), tylosin (TYL), erythromycin (ERY), TMS, SPC, OTC, FFN, TIL, and CTF.Conclusion:The toxA gene was detected in many Pm isolates from pneumonic lungs. Capsule type A or D was the most frequently found among the collected isolates. LIN, TYL, and ERY are the drugs which showed higher percentages of resistant isolates.

ALLERGIC RHINITICAL THERAPY WITH ACUPUNCTURE, LEGUNDI AND TEMULAWAK HERBS

Background: Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease of the nasal mucosa mediated by IgE (immunoglobulin E) with the main mediator histamine. Rhinitis in the science of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) is called Bi Yuan (influenza) and Bi Zhi (nasal congestion). Cases of allergic rhinitis experienced by patients are complaints of repeated sneezing up to 10 times in the morning with rhinorrhea (runny nose). Patients classified as allergic rhinitis with differentiation of hot moist syndrome with splenic deficiency. Purpose: To prove the effect of acupuncture combination therapy on Yintang point (EXHN 3), Yinxiang (LI 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Taibai (SP 3) with herbal legundi (Vitex trifolia) and temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) in patients with allergic rhinitis. Methods: Handling allergic rhinitis with acupuncture and herbal therapy methods. Acupuncture therapy was carried out at Yintang point (EXHN 3), Yinxiang (LI 20), Zusanli (ST 36), Taibai (SP 3) with the principle of eliminating hot humidification and toning of the spleen. In herbal therapy, patients are given herbal legundi (Vitex trifolia) and ginger (Curcuma xanthorrhiza). Results: The active compounds viteosin-A, viteksikarpin, and vitetrifolin-E which can inhibit releasing histamine and curcumin as anti-inflammatory have an effect on sneezing in allergic rhinitis. In handling allergic rhinitis, acupuncture therapy given 12 times, once every two days. Herbal therapy given for 14 times, taken every 2 days interval, 3 times a day with a dose of 5.2 grams of legundi and 4.2 grams of ginger. This therapy overcome the symptoms of sneezing and rhinorrhea in allergic rhinitis. Conclusion: Acupuncture and herbal therapy can be used to overcome sneezing and rhinorrhea in allergic rhinitis.