Cases Of Malnutrition Research Articles

Description of Parents Knowledge About Nutritional Status of Ages 1 - 3 Years in Sidomulyo Puskesmas area Samarinda city.

Background: Parental education is very important because it can influence the development of children's nutrition because by knowing nutrition, parents can find out the weight gain/nutrition of children under five every month. Knowledge about nutrition becomes a very important part of maintaining children's growth and development. Nutritional status in toddlers must be very guarded and taken seriously from parents because malnutrition occurs at this time can cause irreversible damage. It is very possible that short body size is one indicator or indication of prolonged malnutrition in infants. More fatal malnutrition will have an impact on brain development. The nutritional status of children under five can be influenced by several factors, including the lack of insight and knowledge of mothers about nutrition, the low level of maternal education also contributes greatly to the cases of malnutrition that are often found in the community. Objective: This study aims to determine the level of parental knowledge about the nutritional status of children aged 1-3 years in the area of Sidomulyo Samarinda Puskesmas. Method: This type of research conducted in this research is descriptive design with a quantitative approach. The sample used in this study were 40 children. The tool used in collecting data is the questionnaire method. Results: This study illustrates the level of parental knowledge about the nutritional status of children, with respondents mothers who have children aged 1-3 years in which mothers with a good level of knowledge as many as 28 people (70%), who have enough knowledge of 8 people (20%), and less than 4 people (10%).Keywords: Knowledge, Nutritional status, children aged 1-3 years

Os cuidados em parceria com a pessoa idosa/familiar cuidador para prevenção da desnutrição após gastrectomia

Introduction: In the process of nursing care for the elderly undergoing gastrectomy, the intervention in partnership, based on a personalized plan is crucial to avoid complications, namely in preventing malnutrition in the elderly and the preparation of their return home to prevent readmissions. Objetives:Prevent malnutrition in the elderly undergoing gastrectomy and prepare for their return home. Methods: Intervention project using the project methodology, carried out in a Central Hospital in Lisbon. It involved 8 elderly people who underwent gastrectomy, family caregivers and 39 nurses. Data were collected through document analysis, observation of practices and interviews, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and content analysis. Results: New practices were introduced in the nursing team, ensured to all clients: detailed and individualized record of the information collected in the initial assessment, assessment of the malnutrition status, initial and final weighing and articulation with other professionals of the multiprofessional team. The nutritional assessment (with MNA scale) of the elderly revealed that five were at risk of malnutrition and one was already in a state of malnutrition. The weight assessment started to be carried out on the 1st day of hospitalization and at the end of hospitalization, revealing a negative variation of 1.81 kg. Conclusions: The partnership intervention allowed care centered on the elderly. There was a restructuring of care that allowed nurses to get to know the elderly better and to detect cases of malnutrition and prepare the transition process for home.

Penerapan Metode Klasifikasi Decision Tree Pada Status Gizi Balita Di Kabupaten Simalungun

One of the health problems in Indonesia is the problem of nutritional status of children under five years. Cases of malnutrition are not only a family problem, but also a state problem. The nutritional status of children under five years can be assessed by measuring the human body known as "Anthropometry". To be able to carry out anthropometric examinations and measurements in order to find out the nutritional status of children under five, they can go to public health service places such as the Posyandu. We went to the KENANGA Posyandu located in Wonorejo, Kerasaan sub-district, Simalungun district. The purpose of this study will be to test the model for the classification of nutritional status of children under the WHO-2005 reference standard by utilizing data mining techniques using the Decision Tree method C4.5 Algorithm.

The Effectiveness of Red Beans Modisco Ice Cream and Moringa Oleifera Modisco Ice Cream to Increase Body Weight of Toddlers Under The Red Line in Karanganyar Public Health Center Pekalongan Regency

Every year more than one-third of child deaths in the world are related to malnutrition. Children with malnutrition tend to have slow physical and mental growth. Pekalongan is one of the regencies in Central Java which is included in the top 10 categories of malnutrition cases (ranked 5) with 49 cases. Karanganyar Public Health Center is one of the health centers which has toddlers under the red line and the highest malnutrition cases in Pekalongan Regency.The purpose of this research was to know the difference of the effectiveness of red beans modisco ice cream and Moringa Oleifera modisco ice cream in regard of increasing body weight of toddlers under the red line in Karanganyar Public Health Center, Pekalongan.This research used pre experimental design with one group pretest posttest design. The writer used purposive sampling technique that resulted in 28 toddlers under the red line; 14 toddlers were given red bean modisco ice cream and 14 others were given Moringa Oleifera modisco ice cream. Red beans modisco ice cream and Moringa Oleifera modisco ice cream were given for 14 days as much as 100 gr. A daily monitoring checklist of modisco ice cream given to toddlers was used as the instrument of this research.The results of this research showed that the difference body weight pre- post given red bean modisco ice cream (0,21%), while in moringa oleifera modisco ice cream (0,56%). Based on Mann Whitney test showed that moringa oleifera modisco ice cream more effective to increased the body weight of toddlers with p value 0,000 (p value 0.05). According to the results, parents and community were able to modify additional foods which made from modisco and moringa oleifera to increased the body weight of toddlers.

Assessment of calcium and phosphate levels among Sudanese children with malnutrition: A pilot study in Khartoum state Primary tabs

Malnutrition is a public health problem of significant importance in developing countries, it generally affects everyone in a community, but infants and children are the most vulnerable because of their high nutritional needs for growth and development. This study aimed to assess the levels of calcium and phosphate among Sudanese children with malnutrition. This case control study was conducted in Omdurman hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, during the period from April 2019 to May 2019. Fifty children with malnutrition (case) and 50 healthy children (control) were enrolled in this study; both groups were matched in age and sex. Blood samples were analyzed for calcium and phosphate levels using Mindray BS-200 automated analyzer. There was a significant decrease in phosphate level in malnourished children when compared with healthy children (P-value = 0.00). According to the type of malnutrition, there were significant differences in mean of calcium level; marasmic children had lower mean level (7.1 mg/dL) compared with kwashiorkor and under-nutrition children (9.4 mg/dL). In addition, there was no correlation between serum calcium and phosphate levels with the duration of malnutrition. (r =-0.071. P-value = 0,624) (r = 00.077. P-value = 0.593) respectively. In conclusion: Hypophosphatemia is a common finding among Sudanese malnourished children and marasmic children had decreased level of calcium when compared to other types of malnutrition. Accordingly, it is better to monitor serum phosphate level and other nutritional status within the recovery period.

Do we need to reconsider the CMAM admission and discharge criteria?; an analysis of CMAM data in South Sudan

BackgroundWeight-for-height Z-score (WHZ) and Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) are both commonly used as acute malnutrition screening criteria. However, there exists disparity between the groups identified as malnourished by them. Thus, here we aim to investigate the clinical features and linkage with chronicity of the acute malnutrition cases identified by either WHZ or MUAC. Besides, there exists evidence indicating that fat restoration is disproportionately rapid compared to that of muscle gain in hospitalized malnourished children but related research at community level is lacking. In this study we suggest proxy measure to inspect body composition restoration responding to malnutrition management among the malnourished children.MethodsThe data of this study is from World Vision South Sudan’s emergency nutrition program from 2006 to 2012 (4443 children) and the nutrition survey conducted in 2014 (3367 children). The study investigated clinical presentations of each type of severe acute malnutrition (SAM) by WHZ (SAM-WHZ) or MUAC (SAM-MUAC), and analysed correlation between each malnutrition and chronic malnutrition. Furthermore, we explored the pattern of body composition restoration during the recovery phase by comparing the relative velocity of MUAC3 with that of weight gain.ResultsAs acutely malnourished children identified by MUAC more often share clinical features related to chronic malnutrition and minimal overlapping with malnourished children by WHZ, Therefore, MUAC only screening in the nutrition program would result in delayed identification of the malnourished children.ConclusionsThe relative velocity of MUAC3 gain was suggested as a proxy measure for volume increase, and it was more prominent than that of weight gain among the children with SAM by WHZ and MUAC over all the restoring period. Based on this we made a conjecture about dominant fat mass gain over the period of CMAM program. Also, considering initial weight gain could be ascribed to fat mass increase, the current discharge criteria would leave the malnourished children at risk of mortality even after treatment due to limited restoration of muscle mass. Given this, further research should be followed including assessment of body composition for evidence to recapitulate and reconsider the current admission and discharge criteria for CMAM program.

Risk Factors of Protein Calorie Malnutrition Under Five Years; Tertiary Care Hospitals, Peshawar


 
 
 
 ABSTRACT:
 OBJECTIVES:
 The purpose of this study was to know about the risk factors of malnutrition and the incidence of risk factors among known cases of malnutrition admitted in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar.
 METHODOLOGY:
 A descriptive cross-sectional study was done. Study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals of Peshawar from March 2019 to July 2019. Study included 100 patients of protein calorie malnutrition less than five years of age. Internationally recognized Gomez classification was used to label patient as malnourished. Risk factors of primary malnutrition including socioeconomic status, ignorance of weaning, poverty, lack of immunization and primary care, maternal illiteracy and risk factors of secondary malnutrition including infections, congenital diseases, malabsorptive disorders and metabolic disorders were assessed. Data was collected through a questionnaire. Tables and graphs were used to determine the frequency of risk factors for protein calorie malnutrition.
 RESULTS: 
 Among 100 patients of PCM 59 were male and 41 were females. After assessment of both genders, risk factors that show close association with protein calorie malnutrition were low socioeconomic status, maternal illiteracy, lack of family planning, poor weaning and repeated infections. Among these risk factors the most frequently observed risk factors for protein calorie malnutrition were low socioeconomic status and repeated infections.
 CONCLUSION:
 Low socioeconomic condition and repeated infections are the leading cause of protein calorie malnutrition.
 KEYWORDS: Malnutrition, Gomez Classification, Frequency, Risk Factors
 
 
 

Potential consequences of expanded MUAC-only programs on targeting of acutely malnourished children and ready-to-use-therapeutic-food allocation: lessons from cross-sectional surveys

BackgroundSome of the recently piloted innovative approaches for the management of acute malnutrition in children use the “expanded MUAC-only” approach, with Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) < 125 mm as the sole anthropometric criterion for screening and admission, classification of cases as severe using the 115 mm cut-off, and use Ready-to-Use-Therapeutic-Food (RUTF) for the management of both moderate (MAM) and severe (SAM) cases of acute malnutrition. Our study aimed at exploring the potential consequences of this “expanded MUAC-only” program scenario on the eligibility for treatment and RUTF allocation, as compared with the existing WHO normative guidance.MethodsWe analyzed data from 550 population representative cross-sectional cluster surveys conducted since 2007. We retrieved all children classified as SAM and MAM according to currently used case definitions, and calculated the proportions of SAM children who would be excluded from treatment, misclassified as MAM, or whose specific risks (because of having both MUAC and weight-for height deficits) would be ignored. We also analyzed the expected changes in the number and demographics (sex, age) of children meant to receive RUTF according to the new approach.ResultsWe found that approximately one quarter of SAM children would not be detected and eligible for treatment under the “expanded MUAC-only” scenario, and another 20% would be classified as MAM. A further 17% of the total SAM children would be admitted and followed only according to their MUAC or oedema status, while they also present with a severe weight-for height deficit on admission. Considering MAM targeting, about half of the MAM children would be left undetected. This scenario also shows a 2.5 time increase in the number of children targeted with RUTF, with approximately 70% of MAM and 30% of SAM cases among this new RUTF target.ConclusionsThis empirical evidence suggests that adoption of “expanded MUAC-only” programs would likely lead to a priori exclusion from treatment or misclassifying as MAM a large proportion of SAM cases, while redirecting programmatic costs in favor of those less in need. It underscores the need to explore other options for improving the impact of programs addressing the needs of acutely malnourished children.

FAKTOR YANG MEMENGARUHI STATUS GIZI BALITA DI WILAYAH KERJA PUSKESMAS SIDOMULYO KOTA PEKANBARU

Toddlerhood is a golden period to optimize growth and brain development, but it becomes a critical period if it does not get the appropriate nutritional intake. Lack of mother’s knowledge about toddlers nutrition, feeding problems, and diet can affect the nutritional status of toddlers. The results of Nutrition Status Monitoring (PSG) in Riau at 2017 based on BB/U index, show that poor nutritional status is 4.3%, malnutrition is 10.4%, and 1.1% over nutrition. Based on data obtained from the Pekanbaru Health Office in 2018 still found cases of malnutrition and Lower Red Line (BGM) in children under five in the working area of Sidomulyo Health Center.The objective of this study was to determine the factors that influence the nutritional status of children under five in the working area of Sidomulyo Health center. The type of research is quantitative with correlation study and cross sectional approach. The study population was all mothers of toddlers totaling 7,341 poeple with 99 poeple sample taken by purposive sampling at Posyandu in the working are of the Sidomulyo Health Center Pekanbaru. The research instrument was questionnaire. Univariate and bivariate data analysis using Chi-Square (X2) correlation test approach. The results showed a significant relationship between maternal knowledge about toddler nutrition p value = 0.000 (p&lt;0.05), OR (Odds Ratio) 9,360 and toddler’s diet p value = 0.001(p&lt;0.05), OR (Odds Ratio) 6,838 with nutritional status of toddlers. The conclusion of this study that there is a significant relationship between mother’s knowledge about toddler nutriton and diet with nutritional status of toddlers. It is recommended that health workers at Sidomulyo Health center conduct a good assessment of toddler’s diet, to give appropriate advice and management to improve the nutritional status of toddlers.

The clinical profile and outcome of children with acute malnutrition in a tertiary health center in North-West Nigeria: A 1-year retrospective review

Background: Acute malnutrition is broadly classified as severe acute malnutrition (SAM) or moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). It affects almost 20 million children worldwide, with majority of the cases in developing countries. In Africa, it was estimated that about 5%–15% of deaths in children age ranging from 0 to 59 months are due to SAM. Therefore, this study sought to determine common clinical features and outcome in children with acute malnutrition. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Federal Medical Centre Birnin Kudu, Jigawa State. Case files of patients admitted into the Emergency Pediatric unit and Ppediatric Medical Ward over the period of 1 year (January–December 2017) with a diagnosis of acute malnutrition were reviewed. Results: There were 123 cases of acute malnutrition during the study period: 53 (43.1%) males and 70 (56.9%) females. There were 103 (83.7%) cases of SAM and 20 (16.3%) cases of MAM. Among the SAM cases, there were 70 (56.9%) cases of marasmus, 10 (8.1%) cases of kwashiorkor, and 23 (18.7%) cases of marasmic kwashiorkor. Infection was the most common morbidity associated with SAM. Relatively death was mostly witnessed in the marasmic kwashiorkor subgroup (17.4%). However, majority of the subjects who spent 1–2 weeks on admission were discharged without complications, while death occurred mostly in those who spent <7 days on admission and this observation was statistically significant (Fisher's exact = 32.351, P = 0.001). Conclusion: Marasmus remains the most common form of SAM, and infection is a common comorbidity; however, majority of our cases were discharged without any noticeable complication.

Nutritional Status Evaluation of Children Under Two Years of Age in 03 Provinces of Mozambique

According to 'Countdown to 2015', more than 114,000 children die each year in Mozambique before reaching their fifth birthday. And is estimated 45% of these deaths is linked to malnutrition. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of chronic malnutrition, acute malnutrition and underweight in children under 2 years of age. A cross-sectional study was made at Cabo Delgado, Niassa and Nampula’s province in Mozambique. Anthropometric measurements (height for age, weight for height and weight for age) were made to 689 children under 2 years age. A team formed by 6 pollsters, 3 controllers and 6 nurses conducted the anthropometric measurements from April to June 2015. The anthropometric indicators used to access the nutritional status were: height-for-age (HA), weight-for-height (WH) and weight-for-age (WA). Measures were expressed in the form of a Z-score, which include: HAZ &lt; −2 (stunting/chronic malnutrition), WHZ &lt; −2 (wasting) and WAZ &lt; −2 (underweight). The total rate of positive cases of malnutrition was: 51.6% stunting (320/619), 9% of wasting (56/613) and 17.9% (119/662) of underweight. Stunting prevalence was especially high among children with 6-11 months old. Stunting prevalence was higher in Niassa (55.7%) compared to Cabo Delgado (50.5%) and Nampula (39.2%).The rate of acute malnutrition was three times higher in rural communities (10%) compared to urban communities (7%). Underweight prevalence was higher in Cabo Delgado (23.8%) compared to Nampula (20.4%) and Niassa (14.4%). Our findings allowed us to draw recommendations to improve the implementation of health programs against malnutrition in these provinces.

Pemetaan Daerah Status Gizi Bermasalah Di Kabupaten Batang Berbasis Analisis Spasial

Continuous and comprehensive efforts need to resolve malnutrition problem in Indonesia. Riskesdas 2018, toddler nutrition problems were 17.7%, Severely underweight (3.9%) malnutrition (13.8%). Although it has significantly decreased, specific locus require more specific interventions such as resolve malnutrition,BGM, BBLR. In Batang (BGM) increased 806 cases in 2018. Malnutrition increased to 129 cases BBLR infants were still dominant at 601 case in 2018. Purpose of research was to conduct mapping based on spatial analysis to determine areas that were prone to nutrition in Batang Regency. The method is secondary data processing from Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Batang in 2018 and then overlay with Quantum GIS software version 2.14.8. The result is an area with high malnutrition cases in Batang District at 36.08% including (Puskesmas Batang I, II, III and IV). Areas with high BGM toddlers cases in 2 districts namely Blado District by 12.16% (including Puskesmas Blado I, II) and Batang District by 16.50%. (including the areas of Batang I, II, III and IV). Areas that have a high BBLR predominance in Batang (Puskesmas Batang 1, Puskesmas Batang II and Puskesmas Batang IV) have BBLR cases of 20.13%. The highest problem-prone areas of nutrition are in Batang District which includes 4 working areas of Puskesmas, namely Batang 1, II and IV and some Puskesmas Batang III. Interventions carried out by: Optimizing Posyandu, Periodic Home Visit to families with nutritional problems. Synergy of the 4 pillars (health, agriculture, economy and education) hopes that they can complexly overcome nutritional problems as a whole

MINIMALISASI STUNTING DAN DETEKSI DINI MASALAH PERKEMBANGAN BALITA DI POSYANDU 2 DESA ARANGMANGU KECAMATAN PURWOJATI BANYUMAS

Banyumas Regency is ranked in the top 100 districts with the highest stunting rates in Indonesia. The stunting rate in Banyumas is known to be 24% of the 300 under-five samples, the number has exceeded the WHO standard, which is a maximum of 20%. In Karangmangu Village based on the results of a preliminary survey in Posyandu 2 Karangmangu of 30 toddlers who carried out weighing in Posyandu 2 found that 5 children were stunted and 2 were malnourished. Based on preliminary data at Posyandu 2, it is necessary to make a comprehensive approach especially for babies under the age of 2 years (Baduta). Early detection of malnutrition status and stunting is expected to be handled properly so as to minimize problems that can arise from malnutrition and stunting problems. The activities that will be carried out include a thorough assessment, examination of growth and development, examination of motor development, training in appetite massage for infants / toddlers, provision of vitamin A and supplementation of milk for toddlers with malnutrition and stunting. The results of this activity were the detection of cases of malnutrition and stunting of infants under 2 years of age (Baduta) in Karangmangu Village, assisting Baduta with counseling about stunting and malnutrition, training in cold cough massage and appetite massage, vitamin A supplementation and supplementary food at each meeting, as well as providing additional milk for infants of poor nutritional status and stunting of 15 under two toddlers.

Are There Ideal Small Bowel Limb Lengths for One-Anastomosis Gastric Bypass (OAGB) to Obtain Optimal Weight Loss and Remission of Comorbidities with Minimal Nutritional Deficiencies?

Ideal jejunal and ileal lengths in bariatric/metabolic procedures to be left in alimentary continuity still remain unclear. We aimed to evaluate different lengths of biliopancreatic limb (BPL) and common limb (CL) performed in a series of patients submitted to OAGB, and correlate them with weight loss and nutritional deficits. A prospective observational study of 350 consecutive morbidly obese patients undergoing OAGB was performed. BPL and CL lengths were determined intraoperatively; BPL/TBL and CL/TBL ratios were then calculated. Anthropometric variables, remission of comorbidities and specific supplementation needs were recorded at 1, 2 and 5years after surgery. Three hundred patients were included for final analysis. BPL length and BPL/TBL ratio directly correlated with Units of BMI lost (UBMIL). Conversely, CL length and CL/TBL ratio showed an inverse correlation with UBMIL. Establishing a BMI ≤ 25kg/m2 as ideal, the most accurate AUC, to predict achieving an ideal BMI at 1, 2 and 5years after surgery, was obtained for the CL/TBL ratio, followed by the CL length at 1, 2 and 5years. An ideal range was established between 0.40 and 0.43 for the CL/TBL ratio, and 200 to 220cm for the CL length. Among these ranges, there were no cases of protein or calorie malnutrition. TBL measurement is essential to obtain optimal outcomes after OAGB, both in terms of excellent weight loss and remission/improvement of comorbidities, as well as with a low risk of nutritional deficiencies. The CL/TBL ratio, followed by CL length, arethe most accurate parameters to predict a 5-year postoperative BMI ≤ 25kg/m2.

Study on impact of protein energy malnutrition on development in children

Background: Majority of the children in India who live below the poverty line in an environment of deprivation and starvation have physical and developmental retardation. The Objective of this study to study the impact and comparison of protein energy malnutrition on the development with normal children.Methods: This was a hospital based cross sectional study in which total 128 cases of protein energy malnutrition and 30 normal children were enrolled from nutritional rehabilitation center and in patients wards. The study population comprised of children less than 5 years of age, having weight for height/length ≤3 SD, with visible wasting, or bipedal oedema, with mid arm circumference &lt;11.5 cm were assessed for their development in all four domains using Denver II developmental Screening Test (DDST-II).Results: The gross motor milestones are affected in 62.5% with grade4 PEM &amp; 42.85% with grade 3, the fine motor component is affected more in grade 4 with other domains less affected, no significant relation of language delay with PEM was observed in this study, 40% of children with grade 4 PEM shows delay in social domain while 18.18% of the patients with grade 3 PEM show delay in social domain. No patients with grade 1 or grade 2 PEM showed delay in social domain. All four domains are affected in PEM with a maximum effect in gross motor, but the difference does not seem to be significant as the p value is 0.3 i.e. &gt;0.05 which is insignificant.Conclusions: My study on the effect of protein energy malnutrition on development proves that there in increasing delay in all the domains of development with increasing grade of malnutrition. Early detection of malnutrition in community can cause early intervention and increase the productivity of nation.

Fenomena Gizi Buruk di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Peusangan

The phenomenon of cases of malnourished toddler is similar to an iceberg, with fewer cases appearing. But in fact there are still many cases of malnourished toddlers who have not been maximally revealed. Not to mention the old cases that have been recorded but experiencing drop outs from monitoring, handling and further recording of officers. This figure is estimated to be the same as the number of cases that have not been recorded at all. This study aims to determine the phenomenon of cases of malnutrition in the working area of Puskesmas Peusangan. The design of this study is qualitative with a phenomenological approach. The study was conducted in the Puskesmas Peusangan in 2018. There were 12 research subjects, including mothers of toddlers, cadres, PKK members, village heads, nutritionists, head of Puskesmas, health promotion officers, village midwives, nurses and doctors. The results showed that the phenomenon of malnutrition cases in Puskesma Peusangan was influenced by parental knowledge, parental education, parenting parents and family income. As conclusion, the phenomenon of malnutrition in the Puskesma Peusangan work area is caused by knowledge, education, parenting and family income. It is recommended that health workers motivate mothers of toddlers to bring their toddlers to the posyandu every month on a regular basis

Assessing effectiveness of a novel mid-upper arm circumference Z-score tape in a community setting in Guatemala

BackgroundMid-Upper Arm Circumference (MUAC) is an independent anthropometric measurement used to identify malnutrition in children. While much research has been dedicated to applying fixed estimates of MUAC to identify cases of malnutrition in children under 5 years of age, far less has been done with age-specific MUAC Z-score values across the continuum of age from birth through adolescence.MethodsThe present study examined the effectiveness of a novel MUAC Z-score tape, in the hands of community health volunteers, to identify children over the age of 5 who would benefit from nutritional rehabilitation. In January of 2019, 112 community health volunteers working within Children International in Guatemala were trained to use the MUAC Z-score tape and asked to collect measurements on children or youth in their communities.ResultsOf the 818 MUAC Z-score tape measurements obtained by volunteers, 88.26% (722/818) were concordant with nutritional risk status as predicted by BMI Z-score, and 90.95% (744/818) were concordant with MUAC Z-score tape measurements made by field medical staff. MUAC Z-scores identified 87.10% (27/31) of the severely or moderately undernourished children as determined by the BMI Z-score who would be candidates for the nutrition rehabilitation program (Z-score ≤ − 2) along with an additional six children that would not have been classified as such with BMI Z-score. A qualitative survey distributed to the volunteers showed moderate rates of understanding of nutritional risk using the tape, and 62.50% reported the tape was easy to use.ConclusionsThese quantitative and qualitative findings suggest that with more in-depth training and education the MUAC Z-score tape is a viable, low-cost, low-burden alternative for community-level nutritional status assessment among the population served by Children International in Guatemala.

Neonatal mortality and child health in a remote rural area in Nepal: a mixed methods study

ObjectiveTo assess neonatal and under-five mortality and the health situation for children in Dolpa, a remote rural area of Nepal.Study designMixed methods: quantitative (retrospective cross sectional) and qualitative (semistructured interviews).RationaleProgress...

Antibioticoterapia em crianças indígenas e não indígenas desnutridas

Introdução: A prevalência da desnutrição infantil vem diminuindo em todo o mundo, mas ainda acomete milhões de crianças, especialmente indígenas. Devido ao elevado número de doenças infecciosas associadas à desnutrição, a antibioticoterapia faz parte da terapêutica recomendada. Objetivo: Observar os casos de desnutrição entre crianças indígenas e não indígenas hospitalizadas e a terapêutica empregada durante o tratamento. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectivo, farmacoepidemiológico, realizado com informações extraídas de prontuários arquivados do período de janeiro de 2012 a dezembro de 2014 de um hospital público. Resultados: Participaram 166 crianças, sendo o número de crianças indígenas aproximadamente seis vezes maior do que não indígenas. Houve maior prevalência entre lactentes e crianças com idade inferior a um ano apresentaram mais chances de serem internadas por desnutrição. Os diagnósticos de desnutrição mais vistos foram os inespecíficos, com uma proporção significativa de óbitos relacionados ao diagnóstico E43. As infecções mais comuns foram do sistema digestório e respiratório. Crianças indígenas tiveram quase cinco vezes mais chances de apresentarem infecção respiratória. A maior proporção recebeu até três antibióticos, havendo crianças que receberam mais que sete antibióticos diferentes durante o período de internação. Conclusão: A população infantil deve ser acompanhada por meio de inquéritos que possam subsidiar políticas de saúde que atendam suas necessidades. É necessária a capacitação dos profissionais envolvidos no cuidado da criança desnutrida, recursos materiais e financeiros, a fim diminuir o número de diagnósticos inespecíficos e evitar o uso indiscriminado de antibióticos, sendo imprescindível uma política de controle efetiva no uso da politerapia antimicrobiana.

CORRELATION BETWEEN SEVERE MALNUTRITION AND PNEUMONIA AMONG UNDER-FIVE CHILDREN IN EAST JAVA

Background: East Java Province is the second highest province with pneumonia cases among under-five children totalling 69.17% of all the discovery target of pneumonia cases in 2016. One factor causing pneumonia is severe malnutrition (nutritional status with body weight index according to age which is equal to Zscore &lt; -3 SD). Purpose: This study is aimed at analyzing the correlation between severe malnutrition number and pneumonia cases among under five-year old children per regency/city in East Java. Methods: This type of research was an analytical observational study using a population correlational design. This study used the total population of the number of pneumonia cases and severe malnutrition cases among under five-year old children from all regencies/cities in East Java in 2015-2017. The test used was the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test as a data normality test and Spearman's correlation test to determine whether there was a correlation. Results: This study showed a positive correlation between the number of severe malnutrition and the number of pneumonia cases among under five-year old children per regency/city in East Java (p = &lt; 0.01, p &lt; 0.05) with a moderate correlation (Spearman’s correlation = 0.41). Conclusion: The number of severe malnutrition cases has a positive correlation with the number of pneumonia cases among under five-year old children per regency/city in East Java in 2015-2017. Effective countermeasures of severe malnutrition are likely to help reduce the number of pneumonia cases among children under five years of age per regency/city in East Java.