Case Study In Taiwan Research Articles

Optimal Unit Commitment by Considering High Penetration of Renewable Energy and Ramp Rate of Thermal Units-A case study in Taiwan

When large amounts of wind power and solar photovoltaic (PV) power are integrated into an independent power grid, the intermittent renewable energy destabilizes power output. Therefore, this study explored the unit commitment (UC) optimization problem; the ramp rate was applied to solve problems with 30 and 10 min of power shortage. The data of actual unit parameters were provided by the Taiwan Power Company. The advanced priority list method was used together with a combination of a generalized Lagrangian relaxation algorithm and a random feasible directions algorithm to solve a large-scale nonlinear mixed-integer programming UC problem to avoid local and infeasible solutions. The results showed that the proposed algorithm was superior to improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) and simulated annealing (SA) in terms of the minimization of computation time and power generation cost. The proposed method and UC results can be effective information for unit dispatch by power companies to reduce the investment costs of power grids and the possibility of renewable energy being disconnected from the power system. Thus, the proposed method can increase the flexibility of unit dispatch and the proportion of renewable energy in power generation.

Current practice and policy for transforming e-waste into urban mining: case study in Taiwan

In Taiwan, the amount of e-waste, mainly generated from the information technology (IT) products, home electrical appliances and lightings, is increasing most rapidly because this country is one of the most important suppliers for electrical and electronic products in the world. The objective of this overview paper was to study the regulatory promotion of e-waste recycling under the 4-in-1 Program and also update its current status during the period of 2001-2015. Furthermore, this paper also presented a successful case of the waste fluorescent tube processing, which gave a demonstration through its innovative design technology for mercury recovery. Although the annual quantity of e-waste recycling through the implementing agencies seemed to significantly increase from 7,321 tons in 2001 to 74,421 tons in 2015, the recycling market in Taiwan indicated a mature trend in recent years due to the aging population and slow economic growth.

Diffusion of E-commerce on Micro-enterprise Cluster Innovation Acceptance Rate: A case Study in Taiwan

Diffusion of E-commerce on Micro-enterprise Cluster Innovation Acceptance Rate: A case Study in Taiwan

Current practice and policy for transforming e-waste into urban mining: case study in Taiwan

Current practice and policy for transforming e-waste into urban mining: case study in Taiwan

Structure-conduct-performance analysis of the rice noodle industry: a case study of Taiwan's SMEs

This study examined how food technology has changed the rice noodle industry in Taiwan. A rice noodle food safety scandal in 2013 led to new government regulations regarding rice noodle labelling in 2014. We investigated the structural traits of Taiwan's rice noodle industry and the conducts of rice noodle manufacturers regarding the food safety incident and the new regulations by employing the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. The study found that most firms involved in the rice noodle industry in Taiwan are small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Retaining the status quo and registering a regional brand are the two main conducts found by this study. Herein, questions of regional branding in terms of industry and local government conduct are examined alongside the lessons learnt after the scandal and regulation changes.

Between Choice and Tradition: Rethinking Remedial Grace Periods and Unconstitutionality Management in a Comparative Light

Recent experiences of constitutional review in the common law world have received increasing attention in comparative constitutional law scholarship. Looking beyond the common law jurisdictions, this Article investigates the influence of variations on unconstitutionality management and changing constitutional politics on the functional mutation of remedial grace periods. Through a case study of Taiwan in light of the comparison of the civilian-continental vs. common law models of constitutional review, it argues that legal tradition and the court’s role vis-à-vis the political branch in the dynamics of constitutional politics jointly contribute to the multifunctional role of remedial grace periods in unconstitutionality management. As part of unconstitutionality management across constitutional jurisdictions, the granting of remedial grace periods is not simply the manifestation of judicial strategy. The argument unfolds in three main Parts. Part I first compares the use of remedial grace periods in constitutional review under the civilian-continental and the common law models. After drawing out the different paths toward unconstitutionality management in comparative constitutional review, Part II conducts a functional analysis of remedial grace periods in the case law of the Taiwan Constitutional Court (TCC). It is observed that the three forms of remedial grace periods—bridging, nudging, and hedging—as indicated in the TCC case law are informed by the conceptual framework of graduated unconstitutionality borrowed from the civilian-continental model. Part III further analyzes how remedial grace periods have been instrumental to the TCC’s realization of its institutional potential. In conclusion, the TCC’s continuing and frequent prescription for remedial grace periods indicates its default position in constitutional remedies, which is both informed by the civilian-continental model and shaped by its formative experience at the dawn of democratization.

An evaluation of recreational benefits and tribal tourism development for aboriginal villages after post-disaster reconstruction - a case study of Taiwan

ABSTRACTThis study investigates two sites suffering severe damage from typhoon Morakot. It utilizes the travel cost method to measure the average recreational benefits of compensation variation and equivalent variation per person, and it evaluates whether there are causal relationships among tourists’ recreational experiences, perceived values, and revisit intentions. The outcomes demonstrate that most tourists assign high recreational values to natural and socio-cultural resources. However, a further analysis of the tangible benefits indicates that the amount of income received remains low. Tourists have difficulties nurturing an immediate revisit intention here, even when they are satisfied with their experiences.

Law, Courts and Power Dynamics in the Context of HIV/AIDS - A Case Study of Taiwan

Law, Courts and Power Dynamics in the Context of HIV/AIDS - A Case Study of Taiwan

Reproducibility of hydraulic tomography estimates and their predictions: A two-year case study in Taiwan

Over the past decades, a new aquifer test technology (sequential pumping tests or hydraulic tomography, HT) has been developed and successfully applied to many field sites to delineate the spatial distributions of hydraulic properties (e.g., transmissivity (T) and storage coefficient (S)). Yet, the reproducibility of its estimated T and S fields and the predictive capabilities of the estimates for different flow scenarios at different time periods remain unexplored. That is to say, if the estimated fields based on sequential pumping tests conducted during different years are the same since the geologic formation and processes may have undergone changes. In order to answer this important question, this study first compares the drawdown-time behaviors from the sequential pumping tests (SPTs) conducted in 2010 with those conducted in 2012 at a field site and then finds they are similar but different in detail. It then uses these data to estimate the T and S fields and checks the reproducibility of the estimates. The estimated heterogeneity patterns are found to be generally reproducible in spite of uncertainties. In addition, the estimates from each year are capable of predicting the observed drawdowns, induced by independent pumping tests during the corresponding year (i.e., self-validation). Moreover, the estimated fields are cross-validated. That is, this study uses the estimates obtained from the 2010 pumping tests to predict the observed drawdowns of the independent pumping tests conducted in 2012. Likewise, it uses the estimates from 2012 pumping tests to forecast the drawdowns of the independent pumping tests of 2010. The results of both self-validation and cross-validation indicate that the estimated T and S fields based on the test in one year can be used to predict bulk flow behavior in the other year. Differences in detailed behaviors may be attributed to changes in the processes, omitted in the depth-averaged flow model.

Critical Factors Affecting Medical Treatment Loyalty Based on Taiwan’s Framework of Age-Friendly Hospitals: A Regional Hospital Case Study of Taiwan

This study uses eight dimensions based on Taiwan’s Framework of Age-Friendly Hospitals along with two questions regarding medical treatment loyalty to develop the final questionnaire and to survey the elderly people aged 65 years old and above and/or their companions in a hospital of Taiwan. The results show that physical environment is the most critical variable to influence medical treatment loyalty. Relentlessly creating a good and friendly physical environment helps the case hospital continue to gain loyalty of elderly patients. Hospital image is the second important variable to influence the willingness to continue the medical treatment in this hospital. Physician-patient relationship is the second important variable to affect the willingness to recommend relatives and friends to this hospital. Finally, companions tend to have negative impacts on medical treatment loyalty than patients. Hospital management needs to seek medical supports and increase satisfaction from patients’ companions to strengthen medical treatment loyalty.

Development of water and sediment quality management strategies for an urban river basin: a case study in Taiwan

Development of water and sediment quality management strategies for an urban river basin: a case study in Taiwan

Developing low temperature recovery technology of waste heat in automobile factory

AbstractThe painting operation is an important process in automobile manufacturing process, which not only consumes considerable amount of energy but also affects the environment through the flue gases emitted during the process. A case study in Taiwan was conducted on developing an innovative low‐temperature recovery technology of waste heat automobile industry. The high frequency welding segment technology was built on the site to extract heat close to an acid dew point. When the ambient temperature is changed substantially, the fins and heat pipes are solidly connected to maintain the performance of the heat exchanger. Moreover, the hot water obtained from the waste heat recovery is delivered to pretreatment heating tank the painting shop directly. By improving the energy efficiency on heat transfer, the proposed recovery technology of waste heat in automobile factory has been justified with having the performance 69% higher than conventional design. In order to reduce the effect of CO2 emission on the environmental impact, the temperature at the end of the flue gases is further decreased from 160°C to 110°C. The cost benefit analysis reveals that the payback year is 2.8 years. The innovative heat recovery technology contributes to energy conservation and environmental sustainability.

Economic Assessment of Meteorological Information Services for Livestock Farmers: A Case Study in Taiwan

This research uses the contingent valuation method to evaluate the economic benefits of the meteorological information services provided by the Central Weather Bureau for livestock farming in Taiwan. The results show that the subjective rating of the accuracy of information services dominates the willingness to pay. After correcting the possible bias, the annual total economic value of meteorological information services of livestock farmers in Taiwan is about 120.75 million NTD~135.97 million NTD.

Sediment Management in Taiwan’s Reservoirs and Barriers to Implementation

Reservoirs play a critically important role in supplying water for human uses. However, sedimentation limits storage capabilities and increases risk for aging infrastructure. The objectives of this paper are to synthesize both general sediment management strategies and past sediment management efforts in Taiwan in order to identify the barriers to more effective sediment management in reservoirs globally. A review of the broader literature and six Taiwan case studies was conducted to examine the characteristics, limitations, costs, and effectiveness of different sediment management strategies. Results highlight how social barriers play an important role in limiting reservoir sustainability, particularly the crisis-response approach to addressing sedimentation and the low priority for sediment management relative to competing objectives, such as tourism. Technical barriers are driven primarily by the engineering and costs of retrofitting existing dams and site conditions that may inhibit particular practices at any given site. Results also highlight tradeoffs in the effectiveness, costs, and time efficiency of various sediment management strategies in restoring storage capacity. The high sediment loads and rapid filling of reservoirs in Taiwan provide early insight into the management issues that are emerging worldwide, and these results emphasize the need for proactive engineering and management of sediment in reservoirs globally.

Wind power potential for energy sustainability and climate change mitigation: A case study in Taiwan

According to the latest Taiwan’s energy plan, nuclear power that provides approximately 16% of total electricity will be replaced by renewable energy sources by 2025. Wind power is of particular interest because Taiwan’s maritime climate and constant monsoons make it a feasible alternative that potentially generate a considerable amount of electricity. To better understand how wind power can provide stable electricity output and sequester CO2 emissions, this study employs the Weibull distribution with a threshold regression model to estimate the electricity potential for 370 scheduled wind farm sites and refine electricity estimation according to observed data from all existing wind farms. The results show that, compared to the theoretical estimation models, our proposed refinement method can, in average, reduce estimating error by 87%. The results indicate that construction of all scheduled sites are not a cost-effective approach, and the government may focus on construction of stations that can generate electricity of more than 12 million kWh per year, if capital rationing do exist. Our insightful results thus convey constructive suggestions regarding sites selection, stability of wind speed, and electricity potential of each site, all of which can be helpful in decision making. It is also noteworthy to point out that unless future climate is far deviated from the observed data, wind power can be an effective substitute of nuclear power.

Coupling detrended fluctuation analysis of the relationship between O3 and its precursors –a case study in Taiwan

The relationship between ozone and its main precursors exhibits complex non-linear feature in the atmospheric photochemical system. Therefore, sophisticated mathematical and nonlinear methods are very important for studying the O3 sensitivity to its precursors and improving the O3 prediction model. In this study, the coupling detrended fluctuation analysis (CDFA) method has been used to investigate the multi-temporal scaling pattern of coupling correlations between O3 and its precursors. Hourly concentrations of ozone (O3), nitrogen oxide (NOx) and non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHCs) from 1 March 2016 to 28 February 2017 of two traffic monitoring sites in Taiwan are analyzed. Coupling multifractality features are confirmed in the temporal distribution of coupling correlations between O3 and its precursors. And the sources of coupling multifractal features are investigated by the phase randomized surrogates and the shuffling procedures. Moreover, in order to confirm the ozone sensitivity to its precursors at different time scales, a novel dynamical index, namely the coupling sensitivity degree (CSD), is introduced based on CDFA method. High temporal scale resolution of the O3-NMHCs-NOx sensitivity is presented based on the concept of sliding window. And the O3-NMHCs-NOx sensitivity regime can be shown visually by the temporal evolutions of the CSD on the whole year. Furthermore, statistics of seasonal CSD values are obtained by averaging the hourly sliding values. Result shows that the CSD values for both NMHCs and NOx are greatest in summer due to the more active photochemical reaction, compared to the other seasons. Meanwhile, the photochemical system is more sensitive to NMHCs for the two sites, which is consistent with the characteristics of pollutant emissions in the urban traffic area. At last, the diurnal pattern of the CSD for NMHCs and NOx are investigated. It is found that the greatest CSD for both NMHCs and NOx series are synchronized to the maximum O3 generation. This study provides a feasible and effective dynamical index to describe O3-NOx-NMHCs sensitivity, and suggests a new approach to improve the ozone prediction models in the photochemical system.

The impacts of government policies on green utilization diffusion and social benefits – A case study of electric motorcycles in Taiwan

Diffusion of green utilization is a big challenge. A growing body of literature has suggested that governments play a core role in promotion of green utilization. The extant research of green utilization behavior is focused primarily on consumer preferences. So far, in-depth quantitative research of the government’s role in the connection between green utilization and production is absent. Unlike previous research of green utilization behavior, this study established a dynamic adjustment mechanism for the government's subsidy policy for electric vehicles through the case study of Taiwan's electric motorcycle, so that the government's finite budget can be effectively allocated. Results indicate that emerging energy technologies reach the market competition conditions of economies of scale through government subsidy, subsidy policies should gradually phase out the market and transfer finite budgets to other emerging energy technologies that need to break through economies of scale. Therefore, the incentives phase-out mechanism of the electric motorcycle in this study will be helpful in the decision-making thinking of government and quantitative evaluation for the promotion of emerging energy technologies in the future.

Application of an extension method on optimal site selection for PV power systems: A case study in Taiwan

Photovoltaic (PV) power investors mainly consider the investment cost and payback period when settling on a new PV power site. This study applies the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) to decompose complex decision‐making problems into several subproblems, which are then organized into a tree‐like structure. The relative importance of each subproblem is weighted to prevent subjective cognitive differences when setting the weight for each factor. Subsequently, this study adopts the extension theory to solve the contradictory problems generated during quality assessments, to analyze the principal factors influencing the installation sites for PV power systems, and to evaluate optimal installation sites. This study further integrates AHP with a quality assessment method based on the extension theory to select the optimal site for installing PV power systems. Factors affecting installation sites comprise sunshine, temperature, PV cell conversion efficiency, feed‐in tariffs, investment payback period, interest rate on bank loans, land rental, and installation costs. Sites located in Northern, Central, and Southern Taiwan and the outlying islands of Taiwan were analyzed. Finally, results from the analysis verify that the method proposed herein generates results quickly and is easy to use. Therefore, the proposed method can help select the optimal installation site for PV power systems. © 2018 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Avoiding the Gap of College Students’ Internship Expectations and Perceptions—A Case Study in Taiwan

Internship is believed to be vital in bridging the gap of theory and practice because of its providing students many realities they couldn’t find on campus. In fact, successful internships can play the role of “win-win-win” triangular partnership among schools, students, and industries, especially to benefit students to well equip themselves for good opportunities in the future career development. However, internship experiences that fail to meet students’ expectation may also discourage them or turn them away from entering the industry. Hence, to be aware of and to avoid the potential gap of students’ expectation cannot be underestimated. The study aimed to explore students’ expectation of internships from an aspect of gender and multiple intelligences expecting to avoid the potential gap beforehand. Subjects were eighty college Hospitality students who were ready to conduct their internships out of campus. They helped to fill out the questionnaires dealing with their personal demographic information, multiple intelligences, and expectations of internship. Findings revealed that genders and multiple intelligences did make a difference in students’ expectations of internship which may bring about frustration or disappointment in their real internship world. Suggestions and implications for the triangular partnership of schools, students, and industries were provided with a better understanding of factors relevant to students’ expectations for a more appropriate internship program to avoid the potential gap in advance.

Flood mitigation through riparian detention in response to climate variability - a case study in Taiwan

Considering that urban areas may suffer more substantial losses than riparian farmlands during floods, diverting floodwater into riparian areas for temporal detention is expected to mitigate flood damage in downstream urban areas. In this study, an assessment has been conducted to evaluate the effect of flood mitigation through riparian detention in response to climate variability in the Tou-Chien Basin of Taiwan. A couple 1D-2D model was used to simulate the flood wave transporting in the main stream and the overbank flow inundating into the urban areas. Based on the numerical simulation results, flooding extent and inundated water depth corresponding to different return periods with current flood prevention infrastructures were detailed investigated. Various riparian detention strategies were proposed to alleviate severe losses in the downstream urban areas of the Tou-Chien Basin.