Case Study In Norway Research Articles

Changes in material flows, treatment efficiencies and shifting of environmental loads in the wastewater treatment sector. Part II: Case study of Norway

In Part I, the wastewater treatment sector in the Netherlands was analyzed to determine how the degree of separation of COD (BOD), nitrogen, phosphorus and heavy metals from the wastewater increased over time, and how the proportions of these substances, separated out from the wastewater into the lithosphere and atmosphere, changed over time. This paper applies the same methodology, adopted in the first part, to Norway. Needless to say, the hydrosphere has benefited from a decline in eutrophication and marine/fresh water toxicity, owing to the favourable combination of higher degrees of separation over time and source control, especially in the industrial sector. However, this has been at the expense of damage to the atmosphere (global warming). Technologies have, of course, enabled some mitigation of the problems that have shifted to the atmosphere and lithosphere, though these are beyond the scope of this paper, which assumes a hypothetical worst‐case scenario in this regard. Whereas, in Part I, the time period 1993–2005 was considered, this paper is handicapped by the lack of availability of data and is restricted to a much narrower time period: 2002–2006.

International Development Aid and Its Impact on a Donor Country: A Case Study of Norway

This article argues that it is important to reconstruct and analyse how the international aid system that was established after the Second World War has impacted on the national histories of donor countries. The focus is on what has happened in Norway, using it as an example of how the relationship between national traditions and the international aid system can be studied. The article emphasises the need to develop concepts that can establish analytical distance to the normative and conceptual influence of the powerful rhetoric of the aid system. Based on very extensive empirical research of the Norwegian aid system over many years, the author presents a historical summary of his findings and a set of concepts developed in order to better grasp what has been happening; concepts like ‘the southern political system’, a national ‘do-gooder's regime’, a ‘strategic communication regime’, ‘inside aiding’, and ‘elite circulation’. Cet article soutient qu'il est important d'etablir et d'analyser la facon dont le...

‘Old’ and ‘new’ politics of time to care: three Norwegian reforms

The social revolutions connected to postindustrialism are altering the landscape of social politics, affecting both the content and normative justification of policy reform. The changing ideational foundation of care policy is addressed in this case-study of Norway. The study examines the policy rationales of three major reforms in the 1990s concerning parents’ rights to time to care, by drawing on policy documents and parliamentary debates. A conceptual ‘trichotomy’ of key policy rationales - equality, recognition and choice - informs the empirical analysis. Analysed in context, the three reforms illustrate the multifaceted blend of ‘old’ and ‘new’ policy justifications, expanding the ‘political grammar’ of care policies.

Communication of Medical Images, Text, and Messages in Inter-Enterprise Systems: A Case Study in Norway

There is an increasing demand to discuss diagnostic images and reports of difficult cases with experienced staff. A possible solution besides physically transporting patients and material is to use high-speed communication networks to transfer images and reports electronically. With the web application PACSflow we have developed a solution to transfer images, reports, and messages as a single package in a one-step procedure. The PACSflow is an interoperable and standard compliant web-based application, which gives clinicians a user-friendly interface for their work on a daily basis. The solution assumes that the diagnostic images are compatible with the digital imaging and communications in medicine (DICOM) format. The Department of Cardiology at the Rikshospitalet University Hospital in Oslo, Norway, and the Department of Internal Medicine at the Sørlandet Sykehus in Arendal, Norway, are making clinical use of the system. Initial tests indicate that use of PACSflow has reduced the time required to prepare and transfer data by a factor of 3.

What's worth talking about? Meaning‐making in toddler‐initiated co‐narratives in preschool

To elaborate narratives, toddlers are dependent on adult co‐construction. Both children and teachers make meaning and learn together. This article examines what themes toddlers introduce in mealtime conversations in preschool. The object of analysis is 39 toddler‐initiated co‐narratives constructed by toddlers and teachers in 15 videotaped meals during a case study in Norway in 2003/2004. (In Norway children from one to six years old attend preschool.) The results unfold variations of co‐narratives about important life themes. Emotions not only influenced what was said and how it was said, they also constituted issues in children's lives. The stories were about anger, fear, loss and desire. The utterances and voices in the co‐narrations bear a polyphony of cultural meaning.

Communicable disease control in a migrant seasonal workers population: A case study in Norway.

Reliable data on the health status of migrant seasonal workers in Europe is scarce. Access to public health care for this population depends on national regulations, and their legal status in host countries. In this manuscript we describe a case study of a salmonellosis outbreak that occurred in Norway, and highlight the difficulties encountered in applying control measures in a population of seasonal migrant farm workers. Surveillance and control of infectious diseases need to be supported by legislation which makes implementation of control measures possible. Efforts have been made to improve the rights for migrants in Europe with regard to healthcare, but seasonal migrant workers still remain largely outsiders where these measures are concerned. Special attention should be given to this disadvantaged group in terms of social rights and healthcare. Preparedness plans should be improved to deal with contagious pathogens involving the seasonal migrant population.

Management and Leadership Development in Norway: Discrepancies Between Talk and Action

The problem and the solution. The majority of contemporary theories about management and leadership development suggest techniques and best practices for improving management and leadership to optimize organizational performance. Despite the abundance of advice and the manifestly instrumental intention, most organizations struggle to achieve this connection between management development (MD) and improved performance. This article switches attention from the actual MD methods employed to the stories that managers tell about their experience of development. Drawing on 10 case studies in Norway, the focus is on how managers talk about management and leadership development and the degree to which this matches how such development actually happens in their organizations. In doing so, the article presents a better understanding of why some MD activities achieve little, why some succeed, and why some change shape beyond recognition.

Employers and the Persistence of Centralized Wage Setting

Recent research indicates that centralized collective bargaining institutions are more resilient than predicted by the conventional wisdom, which viewed them as incompatible with new competitive conditions and newproduction strategies. Drawing on a case study of Norway, the author argues that one reason for this resilience is that centralized wage setting may be actively supported by employers because it serves important employer interests. It has helped moderate wage growth, reduced transaction costs, contributed to stable industrial relations, and provided political leverage for employer organizations. The author also argues that institutional change must be viewed in terms of its economic and institutional context. There has been some formal devolution of bargaining capacity to the level of the individual firm in Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. However, these changes have been accompanied by institutional changes, instigated by employers, that have increased the coordinating capacity of labor market actors. Labor markets in all three countries remain highly institutionalized.

SHORELINE CLEANUP IN NORWAY: LESSONS LEARNED AND RECOMMENDATIONS

ABSTRACT A summary of shoreline cleanup case studies in Norway is presented. Six spills, spanning more than two decades, are reviewed in terms of spill size, oil type, shoreline type, extent of oiling, cleanup techniques that were used, and lessons learned. This evaluation is based on situation reports, follow-up studies, and papers. The lessons learned and recommendations for improving the current response practices are discussed in terms of recent advances regarding current state of knowledge in oil spill behavior and cleanup techniques. These issues are addressed with reference to the Norwegian Pollution Control Authority's stated aim to strengthen shoreline cleanup response capabilities in Norway.

Agriculture as a provider of public goods: a case study for Norway

Abstract A valid argument for support is that subsidies are remedies for market failures. Agriculture contributes positively to public goods as food security, landscape preservation and maintenance of population in remote areas. Using a numerical model we simulate what Norwegian agriculture would look like if the only purpose of supporting agriculture was to provide such public goods. This is compated to the consequences of the Uruguay round in GATT and possible future EU membership for Norwegian agriculture. Although the GATT agreement will change agriculture in the desirable direction, the agreement puts no substantial pressure on the current agricultural policy. EU membership on the lines laid down by the accession treaty between EU and Norway prior to the referendum in 1994 would have given a stronger impetus towards the optimal solution.

Agriculture as a provider of public goods: a case study for Norway

AbstractA valid argument for support is that subsidies are remedies for market failures. Agriculture contributes positively to public goods as food security, landscape preservation and maintenance of population in remote areas. Using a numerical model we simulate what Norwegian agriculture would look like if the only purpose of supporting agriculture was to provide such public goods. This is compared to the consequences of the Uruguay round in GATT and possible future EU membership for Norwegian agriculture. Although the GATT agreement will change agriculture in the desirable direction, the agreement puts no substantial pressure on the current agricultural policy. EU membership on the lines laid down by the accession treaty between EU and Norway prior to the referendum in 1994 would have given a stronger impetus towards the optimal solution.

Conversion: Global, National and Local Effects. A Case Study of Norway

Gleditsch, N. P., Bjerkholt, O. & Cappelen, Å. Conversion: Global, National and Local Effects. A Case Study of Norway. Cooperation and Conflict, XVIII, 1983, 179-195. A number of UN studies have linked the two objectives of disarmament and devel opment. A major recent UN research program, directed by a UN Group of Govern mental Experts, examined how resources may be diverted from the arms race to increased development transfers to the Third World. This article is a product of one of the projects commissioned by the UN group. It is an analysis of aggregate national economic effects of conversion in Norway for three disarmament scenarios and five policy alternatives for increased transfers to developing countries. The adjustment problems are found to be relatively minor, and it is shown how a simple program of domestic countermeasures can compensate for any loss of employment or reduction in the national product. The consequences for Norway of global conversion are briefly examined, using the World Model of Leontief et al. Assuming that the global conversion process can be achieved without a loss in employment in the industrialized countries, the net effect for Norway of global conversion is found to be positive. Some preliminary data are given on local effects of conversion in Norway. These effects are potentially more serious, with military employment in some municipalities probably running as high as 20%. Such local effects might become obstacles to a smooth conversion, but this will also depend upon the overall employment situation.

Case Studies on Off-Flavours in Some Norwegian Lakes

During the last twenty years, studies on freshwater algae in Norway have documen recent alterations in the trophic nature of several inland waters. Blooms and changes in type of algae were observed. Mass development of algae, e.g., cyano-phytes, upset normal lake metabolism. Objectionable effects on taste and odour in water supplies were reported. The bloom of Oscillatoria bornetii f. tenuis in the Lake Mjøsa - River Glåma system caused several problems in the waterworks Limnological, biological and chemical data from case studies in Norway were summarized, and some practical implications discussed.