Case Of Istanbul Research Articles

A Framework for Sustainable Urban Water Management through Demand and Supply Forecasting: The Case of Istanbul

The metropolitan city of Istanbul is becoming overcrowded and the demand for clean water is steeply rising in the city. The use of analytical approaches has become more and more critical for forecasting the water supply and demand balance in the long run. In this research, Istanbul’s water supply and demand data is collected for the period during 2006 and 2014. Then, using an autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model, the time series water supply and demand forecasting model is constructed for the period between 2015 and 2018. Three important sustainability metrics such as water loss to supply ratio, water loss to demand ratio, and water loss to residential demand ratio are also presented. The findings show that residential water demand is responsible for nearly 80% of total water use and the consumption categories including commercial, industrial, agriculture, outdoor, and others have a lower share in total water demand. The results also show that there is a considerable water loss in the water distribution system which requires significant investments on the water supply networks. Furthermore, the forecasting results indicated that pipeline projects will be critical in the near future due to expected increases in the total water demand of Istanbul. The authors suggest that sustainable management of water can be achieved by reducing the residential water use through the use of water efficient technologies in households and reduction in water supply loss through investments on distribution infrastructure.

Ecosystem services based spatial planning decision making for adaptation to climate changes

Climate change adaptation is a rising global issue and has become the primary issue for transnational organisations and EU institutions. Particularly in developing and dynamic cities like Istanbul, the pressure of rapid urbanisation, institutional and legislative uncertainties are expected to create new vulnerabilities in ecosystems and their services. Climate change can cause new vulnerabilities in ecosystem services (ESs) through events such as floods, heat-waves, and droughts brought on by rises in temperatures and changes in precipitation. These vulnerabilities may affect the well-being of inhabitants and interfere with the reaching of sustainable development goals in the future.Istanbul has a unique geographical location for biological diversity when compared with other settlements in the region, and the urban development dynamics of the region play a significant role in the well-being of ecological units and biological diversity of the Istanbul Metropolitan Area (Özhatay, Byfield, & Atay, 2003; Tezer, 2005; Tezer et al., 2008). This paper aims to define which ESs are vulnerable due to both LCLU change caused by urbanisation and potential impacts of climate change. Particular importance is given to the result of the survey done with related stakeholders as it is used to define and to verify the existing and future vulnerabilities of ESs in Istanbul. Regarding the close relationship between ESs and LCLU, the impact of changes in LCLU on key ESs are evaluated by developing LCLU scenarios. Climate change scenarios are used in this paper to understand the possible future climatic conditions of Istanbul and their impact on LCLU and ESs. These two sub-results are prepared according to scenario analyses and are evaluated together to address the future vulnerabilities of ESs. Integration of ESs and climate change adaptation strategies into spatial planning (EEA, 2010) seems to be both necessary and urgent. Therefore, a spatial planning framework that is climate change adapted and ESs oriented is proposed as a key tool to achieve a climate resilient, sustainable development in Istanbul. The framework used in this paper can be used to develop relevant strategies and planning tools by considering climate change adaptive policies for other rapidly developing settlements.In brief, this paper aims to integrate ecosystems and their services into spatial planning by using relevant mapping of ESs, which will be utilised for the climate adaptive spatial policy development process for the Istanbul case. This paper has been prepared under the auspices of The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK) Project No. 110K350.

Pre-Positioning Disaster Response Facilities and Relief Items

ABSTRACTLarge-scale disasters cause enormous damage to people living in the affected areas. Providing relief quickly to the affected is a critical issue in recovering the effects of a disaster. Pre-disaster planning has an important role on reducing the arrival time of relief items to the affected areas and efficiently allocating them. In this study, a mixed integer programming model is proposed in order to pre-position warehouses throughout a potential affected area and determine the amount of relief items to be held in those warehouses. Time between the strike of the disaster and arrival of relief items at the affected areas is aimed to be minimized. In addition, using probabilistic constraints, the model ensures that relief items arrive at affected areas within a certain time window with certain reliability. Considering instable fault lines on which Istanbul is located, the proposed model is applied to the Istanbul case for pre-positioning warehouses a priori to the possible expected large-scale earthquake.

Governing the transition to natural gas in Mediteranean Metropolis: The case of Cairo, Istanbul and Sfax (Tunisia)

Recent scholarship on urban energy governance has focused on low carbon energy strategies seen as a response to climate change and energy pressure threats. But such approaches tend to overlook the situations of cities from the Global South and emerging countries concerned with strong energy demand growth. The development of urban natural gas networks is an understudied response to such a challenge. Focusing on three cities, Istanbul, Cairo and Sfax (Tunisia), the article analyses the factors and the governance of these energy transitions. It uses a geographical approach to such processes that highlight the mutual influence of the territory in its material and political dimensions and of the policy goals and tools in the implementation. The development of urban gas networks rests upon the proximity of gas deposits. It is determined by metropolitan strategies for economic development as well as by programs aiming to cut energy subsidies. Though urban gas networks have a strong potential for restructuring the physical and social landscapes in cities, the dominant commercial approach taken by energy utilities and morphological constraints in the urban fabric limit their universalization. Natural gas is part of a mix of energies at the urban level and often competes with other energy forms, specifically renewables (like solar water heaters). Lastly, the development of urban natural gas networks sparks heated politics in relation to unfulfilled energy demand and affordability.

Turkey's potential on becoming a cruise hub for the East Mediterranean Region: The case of Istanbul

Cruise lines seek for new markets in order to accommodate the growing demand for cruise tourism. In this context, East Mediterranean and Black Sea ports would be alternatives to the current cruise destinations in the West-Med region. However, the Black Sea and East Mediterranean regions currently do not have a hub port (or homeport) functioning as a gateway for cruise passengers. Based on existing cultural and social attractions, Turkey and Istanbul would be a potential candidate on serving as a homeport for the region. This paper first explores the general determinants and conditions to serve as a cruise homeport from micro, meso and macro perspectives. It assesses the potential of cruise development in Istanbul based upon the findings of in-depth interviews with cruise industry experts and local stakeholders. Furthermore, a port portfolio analysis of a range of selected regional ports in the period 2006–2011 is executed, and coupled to insights from the expert and stakeholder interview panel. As a result, the paper offers first insights into the potential application of port portfolio analysis for cruise ports, as well as policy and managerial recommendations for cruise industry stakeholders within the Eastern Mediterranean Region, with regard to the development of a homeport.

Emergency facility location under random network damage: Insights from the Istanbul case

Damage to infrastructure, especially to highways and roads, adversely affects accessibility to disaster areas. Predicting accessibility to demand points from the supply points by a systematic model would lead to more effective emergency facility location decisions. To this effect, we model the spatial impact of the disaster on network links by random failures with dependency such that failure of a link induces failure of nearby links that are structurally more vulnerable. For each demand point, a set of alternative paths is generated from each potential supply point so that the shortest surviving path will be used for relief transportation after the disaster. The objective is to maximize the expected demand coverage within a specified distance over all possible network realizations. To overcome the computational difficulty caused by extremely large number of possible outcomes, we propose a tabu search heuristic that evaluates candidate solutions over a sample of network scenarios. The scenario generation algorithm that represents the proposed distance and vulnerability based failure model is the main contribution of our study. The tabu search algorithm is applied to Istanbul earthquake preparedness case with a detailed analysis comparing solutions found in no link failure, independent link failure, and dependent link failure cases. The results show that incorporating dependent link failures to the model improves the covered demand percentages significantly.

The Impacts of Economic Variables on Higher Education Tuition Fees: Case of Istanbul

In this study, the econometric model1has been utilized to evaluate the impact of economic status and costs of living for public university students in city of Istanbul, Turkey on their ability to pay tuition fees. From parameters in the model, the geographical residence of student families, student incomes and their difficulties in meeting costs of living (accommodation, food, transportation, stationery) have been set as independent variables and student 's difficulties in meeting tuition fees has been set as a dependent variable. All the independent variables have portrayed a profound and increasingly layered interconnection with the student's inabilities in meeting tuition fees.

Management Plan Optimization and Application of Public Spots for Increasing Widespread Usage of Public Transportation: Istanbul Case

Increasing the widespread usage of the public transportation has a vital importance for reducing environmental pollution originated from the transport sector which is one of the biggest causes of the global warming. In this study, first of all the factors affecting a management plan on increasing the public interest in public transport were investigated, then Istanbul case was explained for each of these factors, the success of the applications were discussed and suggestions were provided for improvement through the application of the short informative audiovisual advertisements. Finally, a management plan was optimized for the usage of public transportation dissemination, which can be adapted by decision-makers in accordance with the internal dynamics of their own countries and recommendations were included to increase demand by usage of public spots.

Factors Influencing Location Selection of Warehouses at the Intra-Urban Level: Istanbul Case

ABSTRACTDepending on the worldwide developments in the industry and services sectors, the increased significance of the logistic sector is continuing. In parallel to this tendency, the need for warehousing as one of the basic activities of logistics has increased and the warehouses have returned to the important function areas for urban sites. In recent years, warehouses are demanded in the real estate market just like houses and offices. In the literature, although there are many supply chain studies focused on location selection of warehouses, there is a lack of studies discussing the behaviour of warehouse location at the intra-urban level. The article investigates the factors affecting the location selection of warehouses and their degree of importance in Istanbul as a case area by using a logistic regression model. It was found that location-specific factors are effective on the location selection of warehouses in the Istanbul metropolitan area, and warehouse location follows a certain economic rationality at the intra-urban level.

The Shopping Centers as Global Public Space: The Case of Istanbul

The Shopping Centers as Global Public Space: The Case of Istanbul

As an Educational Tool the Importance of Informal Studies/Studios in Architectural Design Education; Case of Walking Istanbul 1&2

Design education is the most important part of architectural education. Formal architectural education (training), followed by an architect in the candidate's training period, is a whole consisting of theoretical and practical courses. In spite of this programme package, in design education, student acquires to experience the design by his/her own and this is the only way to learn how to design. In this context, aside from formal architectural education informal studies such as workshops, seminars, conferences, exhibitions, competitions, excavation, etc. have an undeniable importance. In design education, “Informal Studies” have some outstanding results on developing design thinking skills, learning by doing, creating motivation, intuitive knowledge and selfconfidence and at the same time these studies are a suitable tool for the LLP- lifelong learning programme. In this paper, as an informal study example two workshops will be discussed to evaluate the contributions of such informal studies on student's individual and collective learning styles, design thinking techniques and practices.

The Potential Effects of Spatial Strategies on Urban Sprawl in Istanbul

Urban sprawl is one of the major issues regarding sustainable urban development. In response to concerns about sprawl, compact development strategies have been proposed to promote sustainable development. However, a compact development approach needs to pay attention to the crucial question of commercial profitability. The aim of this article is to inquire into the commercial profitability of compact development strategies by developing different scenarios and to put forward ways to control urban sprawl through certain spatial strategies in the Istanbul case. The results indicate that the current planning approach is not effective in reducing sprawl without setting certain spatial strategies by which development activity is restricted, or imposing additional requirements for new development in certain areas. It is found that urban sprawl can be reduced by up to 62 per cent through setting certain spatial strategies and that uncontrolled urban sprawl might feasibly be shifted from peripheral to central areas.

Changing Istanbul City Region Dynamics: Re-regulations to Challenge the Consequences of Uneven Development and Inequality

In this paper, it is claimed that the dynamics that enabled the emergence of city regions as new places of globalization brought about significant changes and restructuring in these areas in the early years of neo-liberal policies. Subsequently, from the 1990s onwards a new neo-liberalist agenda, in reply to the problems of the early period of globalization, defined new relations and new dynamics for city regions. The aim of this paper, with the help of earlier Istanbul case studies, is to discuss the changes taking place in city regions, including the outcomes of the neo-liberal policies induced by the competitiveness of the 1980s, especially those related to the distribution of welfare and social cohesion, which forced the nation state to reconfigure its neo-liberal project.

Minaret behavior under earthquake loading: The case of historical Istanbul

AbstractMinarets are very slender structures with an old existence. The historical ones are made of cut‐stone‐block masonry assembled in peripheral cylindrical wall with an interior helicoidal stair supported on a central core and on the wall. They are spread throughout the Islamic world and constitute an important heritage not only of religious value, but also of great cultural interest. Throughout the times, these structures as part of a mosque, have suffered significant damage during the earthquakes. Istanbul presents interesting characteristics to evaluate their dynamic behavior, as they are in great number, in an area where a large event in the next 30 years has been predicted.In this paper, we performed a series of in situ ambient vibration tests to old minarets of various sizes and compared results of frequencies with numerical modeling of the same structures. For the low‐amplitude motion, the frequency values of the first modes can be obtained from an empirical formulae function of the inertia of the cross‐section and of the height of the main ‘body.’ Damping ratios for these amplitudes are of the order of 0.5–1.0%.Dynamic linear analyses of these structures indicate that for most cases very high stresses develop for PGA above 0.5 g, an input with a reasonable chance of occurring in the next 30 years. These high stresses are expected to cause the toppling of the minarets in the form that has been observed in the recent past events. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A multi-period double coverage approach for locating the emergency medical service stations in Istanbul

We consider the multi-period location planning problem of emergency medical service (EMS) stations. Our objective is to maximize the total population serviced by two distinct stations within two different response time limits over a multi-period planning horizon. Our aim is to provide a backup station in case no ambulance is available in the closer station and to develop a strategic plan that spans multiple periods. In order to solve this problem, we propose a Tabu Search approach. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach on randomly generated data. We also implement our approach to the case of Istanbul to determine the locations of EMS stations in the metropolitan area.

Developing Child Well-Being Indicators for Turkey: The Case of Istanbul

This paper discusses the development of child well-being indicators for Turkey based on the comparative research done on the previous indicator sets. It discusses the proposed list of indicators in the eight domains of child well-being along with the findings of a quantitative and a qualitative research conducted in Istanbul, Turkey. It also offers social policy implications relevant for Turkey based on the results of the study.

What Accounts for the Resilience and Vulnerability of Clusters? The Case of Istanbul's Film Industry

In this paper, the film cluster in Turkey's cultural capital, Istanbul, is examined with the ultimate purpose of contributing towards a better understanding of the dynamics shaping the resilience and vulnerability of clusters. The paper seeks to shed light on the issue of how and why, in the face of a similar set of threats, Hollywood has proved so resilient but Istanbul's film cluster so vulnerable. Scrutinizing the emergence and the subsequent lock-in of the particular path followed by the Istanbul cluster and investigating the attributes of the proximate business environment that have been shaped along the way reveal that sustainability of a cluster seems to depend on three interrelated factors: how the cluster participants strategically respond to the upcoming threats, the structural capacity of the cluster to overcome such threats, and finally, the macro-socio-economic conditions (both at the national and global levels) against which the challenges occur and which mitigate or exacerbate them.

Dynamic spatial analysis of urban sprawl through fractal geometry: the case of Istanbul

During the last decade, there has been a rapid increase in the research literature dealing with the measurement of urban sprawl. Density gradients, sprawl indexes, and certain simulation techniques are some of the quantitative measures that have been used in previous studies. Fractal analysis has also been applied in describing urban areas and a fractal theory of cities has been proposed. This study attempts to measure urban sprawl using an index relating density and proximity and relating this to the fractal analysis of urban sprawl using the example of Istanbul, a large city that hitherto has not been measured or characterized using such techniques. Measures of sprawl were calculated at each neighbourhood level and then integrated within an index using ‘density’ and ‘proximity’ factors. This identifies the pattern of urban sprawl during six time slices defining five periods from 1975 to 2005. The urban form of Istanbul is then quantified through fractal analysis in the given years in the context of the ...

БАКІ: ПРОГУЛКИ ВО ВРЕМЕНИ ПО ОДНОМУ “ЮЖНОМУ ГОРОДУ”

SUMMARY: In the Russian-speaking post-Soviet space the myth of the Southern City still exists. Baku was hailed as a positive example of internationalism by stars of Soviet music, such as Müslüm Maqomayev and Polad Bülbüloğlu. The multinational character of Baku was stressed by the Azeri émigrés in Paris, Ankara, and Warsaw in the 1920s–1930s, although different aspects of it were highlighted. What explains the fascination and disillusionment with Baku of these different people and how did intellectuals who resided in Baku conceive of the city’s multiculturalism? In his article, Zaur Gasimov provides the answers to these questions. The article traces multiple historical legacies that shaped Baku as the multicultural and multilingual periphery of the Persian, Russian, and Soviet empires. In the twentieth century Baku was mapped as the city of the Baku commune and the twenty-six Baku commissars, the capital of the Azerbaijani Democratic Republic (1918–20), the Azerbaijani Soviet Socialistic Republic, and the Republic of Azerbaijan since 1990. The author analyzes the role of the Russian language and Russian culture in Baku and the phenomenon of identification with Baku among the educated layer of Azeri, Russians, and Armenians. At the same time, the author traces the emergence of Baku as the center of the Azeri national movement that distanced itself from the Soviet-Azeri intelligentsia and oriented itself toward Pan-Turanian ideas and the modular case of Istanbul. The discursive reality of the nation-building project was connected to the changing demographic balance in the city in which the Azeri started to dominate the urban landscape numerically and culturally. The resilient multicultural character of the city, even though it has declined since the late Soviet period, became a point of contention in the perception of the Russian-speaking intelligentsia and professed Azeri national activists: for the latter it signifies the failure of Azeri nation-building and the postcolonial condition of post-Soviet Azerbaijan.

Urban Dynamics and Transformations and Their Impact on Urban Housing: The Case of Istanbul

Cities throughout the world have experienced fundamental social, cultural and economic transformation in recent decades. Socio-cultural and urban identities have been transforming radically; globalization, internationalization and the rapid flow of information, as the case in the rest of the world, have played a significant role in changing cities and their people. These changing dynamics have affected continuity and development trends in urban-housing environments and housing preferences. The multidimensional outcomes of this transformation are manifest in peculiarities of activity patterns, behavioral relationships, and socio-cultural norms, as well as in architectural and urban configurations. These rapid economic and social changes demand continual redefinition of urbanization and housing concerns. Therefore, the main aim of the article that based on ongoing research is to examine implications of urban and architectural transformations in Istanbul with the subjects of economical, cultural and political conditions. Based on these above arguments, article aims to analyze and discuss the relationship between urban dynamics and new housing developments in Istanbul in the context of transformation process. The article, which consists of five sections, has three sections besides the introduction and conclusion. In the first two part a theoretical framework is established, explaining and discussing culture, continuity and change in the process of urbanization. The second part includes the latest housing trends in Istanbul with the subjects of economical, cultural and political conditions that Turkey is already in and related. The third part examines the emerging patterns of social and cultural differentiation in Istanbul through the examples of the exclusive suburbs At the end, we argue that recent housing projects and trends represent new forms of organizing social and cultural differences, and could be read as urban forms, which create segregation and reproduce inequalities while transforming the character of public life.