Cases Of Hemorrhagic Fever Research Articles

A clinical case of severe Crimean hemorrhagic fever with prolonged persistence of the pathogen in combination with tick-borne borreliosis

A clinical case of severe Crimean hemorrhagic fever with prolonged persistence of the pathogen in combination with tick-borne borreliosis

Determinants of manifestations of the epidemic process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai

BACKGROUND: The contribution of random and regular factors in the process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever is unknown, which necessitates the search for the reasons for the formation of severe and fatal cases.
 AIM: Based on the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai over a long period, we aimed to establish the role of the main determinants of the epidemic process and to demonstrate the causality of local manifestations in epidemic foci in patients with epidemic hemorrhagic fever.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this comprehensive descriptive epidemiological and clinical study, we undertook the epidemiological analysis of the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever and data from examinations of the foci of infection. We performed a clinical observation (case study) of a case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever with a fatal outcome at the Regional Clinical Infectious Diseases Hospital in March 2022. The object of the study is statistical data on officially registered cases of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai from 1995 to 2021.
 RESULTS: The proportion of random factors in the epidemic process of epidemic hemorrhagic fever in the period under review was 28.7% of the incidence, which formed deviations from the typical curve, but did not participate in the formation of cyclicity in the long-term dynamics. Variable factors that formed cyclicity and random deviations together determined 53.4% of the incidence. They were fully related to seasonal morbidity (67.8%). Moreover, the remaining 14.4% of seasonality was formed by constant factors for each month. Factors constant for all months of the year form a year-round form, that is, 32.2% of the incidence.
 In the clinical and epidemiological observation of a lethal case of epidemic hemorrhagic fever, infection was noted under conditions of dust formation, such as when restoring order in a closed room at a negative temperature (sweeping) and high titers of specific antibodies resulting from repeated encounters with the pathogen in residential and occupational types of morbidity and the accompanying illnesses.
 CONCLUSIONS: The study of the incidence of epidemic hemorrhagic fever demonstrated a high resolution of epidemiological analysis by using a binary method in zoonoses. The patterns and features of human morbidity were controlled by natural and social factors more strictly than by biological ones. The determinants of the socio-ecological system in epidemic hemorrhagic fever in Primorsky Krai make it possible to specify the tactics and strategy for the implementation of epidemiological surveillance.

Thực trạng sốt xuất huyết dengue tại tỉnh Tiền Giang giai đoạn 2012 – 2019

Objective: Descriptive statistics on the number of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases by location and month of the year in Tien Giang province, thereby providing clearer evidence for dengue prevention in the province. Methods: In this study, we carried out in Tien Giang province from December 2020 to July 2021, using cross-sectional studies. The subjects of this study are people with dengue, recorded in the infectious disease surveillance system of the preventive health system of Tien Giang province. Main findings: The total number of dengue cases during the study period was 23,750 cases, the highest number of years was 2019, the lowest number of years was 2014. The number of cases tends to increase in the rainy season from May, with an average of 4 cases. /day, until the end of October with an average of 11 cases/day. The disease is distributed throughout the province, in which the most in My Tho City with an average of 511 cases/year, besides, the subjects with dengue are mainly in the group of children <15 years old. Conclusions: The distribution of dengue cases in Tien Giang over the past 8 years shows that there were 2 major epidemics in 2012 and 2019. Dengue disease occurs all year round, tends to increase in the rainy season from May to the end of October. The disease is distributed throughout the province, in which the most in My Tho City with an average of 511 cases/year, in At that time in 2019 with 815 cases/100,000 people. Recommendations: The study recommends measures to strengthen dengue prevention early, implemented from March to April – the time before the start of the rainy season (the rainy season starts from May), especially in areas areas with high population density such as in My Tho City. Keywords: Dengue hemorrhagic fever

PEMBERDAYAAN IBU PKK DESA GUWANG DALAM PENGGUNAAN OVITRAP BERBAHAN ALAMI UNTUK MEMBERANTAS VEKTOR PENYAKIT DEMAM BERDARAH DENGUE

Sourced from data obtained at the Sukawati 1 Health Center, the highest dengue hemorrhagic fever case in the working area of the Sukawati 1 Health Center is Guwang Village. In 2020, 64 cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever were found in Guwang Village. This service aims to empower the community to increase motivation to live clean and healthy to play an important role in controlling dengue hemorrhagic fever cases. The method used in this service is counseling and training for PKK mothers in Guwang village with a minimum number of participants of 30 people. The location of this activity is at Banjar Sakih, Guwang Village, which will be held in September 2022. The results of this activity are expected to increase the knowledge and skills of PKK women in using and making ovitrap made from natural ingredients as measured through pretest and posttest. The result of this service is an increase in the knowledge and attitude of PKK mothers in eradicating mosquito nests, using ovitrap made from natural ingredients.

Evaluation of Tick and Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Cases Admitted to a State Hospital

Kırım-Kongo Kanamalı Ateşi (KKKA) yüksek mortalitesi nedeniyle önemli bir sağlık sorunudur. Çoğunlukla kene ile bulaşan bu hastalığın sıklığı bölgemizde artış halindedir. Araştırmanın amacı hastanemize kene ısırığı ile gelen olguların epidemiyolojik özelliklerini araştırmak, KKKA açısından değerlendirmek ve hastaneye yatış ilişkili risk faktörlerini belirlemektir.Retrospektif tipteki bu araştırmada 2018-2020 tarihleri arasında hastanemize ‘zehirsiz böcek tarafından sokulma’ ile başvuran ve kene tarafından sokulduğu tespit edilen 1606 olgunun 3744 başvurusu incelendi. Yıllar arasındaki farklar değerlendirildi. KKKA tanısı alan ve almayan hastalar karşılaştırıldı. Lojistik regresyon analiziyle hastane yatışını etkileyen risk faktörleri belirlendi.KKKA RT-PCR testi, sevk edilen toplam 47 kişinin 42’sinde pozitif geldi. Bu hastaların tedavilerinin hastanede yatarak gerçekleştirildiği görüldü. Tek değişkenli lojistik regresyon analizi yapıldığında, KKKA nedeniyle hastane yatışı ile keneyi sağlık çalışanı dışında birinin çıkarması (‘odds ratio’ (OR):48,0; güven aralığı (GA): 6,56-360,0), ilk başvuru sırasında ek şikayet olması (OR:10,0; GA:41,0-253,0), Alanin Aminotransferaz, Aspartat Aminotransferaz, Laktat Dehidrogenaz, C-Reaktif Protein, Aktive Parsiyel Tromboplastin Zamanı ve Uluslararası Düzeltme Oranı (INR), Trombosit/ Lenfosit ve Nötrofil/Lenfosit oranı yüksekliği; Lökosit ve Trombosit düşüklüğü arasında istatistiksel anlamlı ilişki bulundu. 
 Bölgemizde KKKA vakaları son 3 yılda giderek artan bir seyir izlemiştir. KKKA hastalarında, kenenin sağlık çalışanı dışında biri tarafından çıkarılma oranı belirgin şekilde yüksekti. Bu nedenle endemik bölgelerde kene konusunda ek önlemler alınmasını ve hayvancılıkla uğraşan kişilere eğitim verilmesini öneriyoruz. Ayrıca gelişinde ek şikayeti bulunan veya belirtilen laboratuvar parametrelerinde anormallik tespit edilen olgular yakından takip edilmelidir.

Implementasi Kebijakan Penanggulangan Demam Berdarah Dengue di Kota Sampang Jawa Timur

Aides aegypti or Aides albopictus is a type of mosquito that carries and transmits dengue virus to humans. Dengue hemorrhagic fever appears as an Extraordinary Event (KLB), causing panic in the community because it has the risk of causing death and spreads very quickly. Based on records from the Directorate for Prevention and Control of Infectious Diseases (P2PM) until Week 36, the cumulative number of confirmed cases of DHF from January 2022 was reported as 87,501 cases (IR 31.38/100,000 population) and 816 deaths (CFR 0.93%). Sampang Regency, East Java, is currently starting to anticipate the possibility of an outbreak of dengue fever. After the local regency government released three districts that were considered prone to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), namely Sampang District, Omben District and Torjun District. The Health and Family Planning Service (Dinkes-KB) of Sampang Regency, East Java, noted that cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in the area have decreased in 2021 compared to the number of cases that occurred in previous years. This study aims to determine the implementation of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) prevention policies in Sampang District and what are the inhibiting factors. In this study, researchers used a qualitative descriptive method that used data collection such as interviews, observation and documentation studies. Based on the research results in assessing the Implementation of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) Management Policies in Sampang Regency, it has not been maximized when viewed from several indicators of evaluating the implementation of public policies, namely (1) Policy resources such as a lack of health workers, sufficient health facilities and funds, (2) ) the disposition or attitude of the executors is not firm and the lack of community participation in PSN activities, (3) economic, social and political conditions that are not conducive.

ROLE OF PLATELET INDICES IN DENGUE FEVER CASES IN CORRELATION WITH SEROLOGICAL MARKERS – A STUDY OF 100 CASES

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the utility of various platelet indices, i.e., platelet count, mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW), and plateletcrit (PCT) in dengue fever and to study different serological markers (NS1 Ag, IgM, and IgG) and compare them with platelet counts. Methods: This was a retrospective, observational, and cross-sectional study done over 6 months. A total of 100 cases with symptoms of dengue and seropositive for any of the rapid tests (NS1 Ag, Ig M, and Ig G antibodies) were included. Platelet count, MPV, (PDW), and (PCT) were determined using six-part Hematology analyzer. Based on the platelet count, all dengue seropositive cases were divided into 5 groups, and platelet indices were analyzed and tested for statistical significance using Chi-square test and Anova test. Results: Thrombocytopenia was more common in the NS1 Ag-only reactive cases. Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) cases (12) had significantly low MPV, high PDW, and low PCT. Statistical analysis between mean MPV, mean PDW, mean PCT, and platelet count among various groups was significant. Low MPV, high PDW, and low PCT were more evident when platelet count was < 1lakh. Conclusion: Our study showed that thrombocytopenia was more common in the NS1 Ag-only reactive cases than other serological markers.A Low MPV with a spike in PDW, and a plummeted PCT in cases with thrombocytopenia indicate severity of dengue infection. These platelet indices act as surrogate markers in predicting the risk of bleeding.

Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics of 30 Fatal Cases of Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever in Kabul, Afghanistan: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a zoonotic disease associated with a high fatality rate. CCHF is endemic in Afghanistan, and its morbidity and mortality have increased recently but there is limited data about the characteristics of fatal cases. We aimed to report the clinical and epidemiological features of fatal CCHF cases who were admitted to Kabul Referral Infectious Diseases (Antani) Hospital. This is a retrospective cross-sectional study. The demographic and presenting clinical and laboratory features of 30 fatal CCHF cases diagnosed by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests were collected from the patients' records between March 2021 and March 2023. During the study period, a total of 118 laboratory-confirmed CCHF patients were admitted to Kabul Antani Hospital of whom 30 patients (25 males, 5 females) consequently died, indicating a 25.4% case fatality rate (CFR). The age of the fatal cases ranged from 15 to 62 years and their mean age was 36.6 ± 11.7 years. Concerning occupation, the patients were butchers (23.3%), animal dealers (20%), shepherds (16.6%), housewives (16.6%), farmers (10%), student (3.3%), and others (10%). The clinical symptoms of the patients on admission were fever (100%), generalized body pain (100%), fatigue (90%), bleeding (any type) (86.6%), headache (80%), nausea/vomiting (73.3%), and diarrhea (70%). The initial abnormal laboratory findings were leukopenia (80%), leukocytosis (6.6%), anemia (73.3%), and thrombocytopenia (100%), raised hepatic enzymes (ALT & AST) (96.6%) and prolonged prothrombin time/international normalized ratio (PT/INR) (100%). The hemorrhagic manifestations associated with low platelet and raised PT/INR levels are linked with fatal outcomes. A high index of clinical suspicion is required to recognize the disease at an early stage and to begin the treatment promptly for reducing mortality.

HYBRID K MEANS-MULTIVARIATE ADAPTIVE REGRESSION SPLINES FOR DISTRIBUTION OF DENGUE FEVER RISK MAPPING IN BOJONEGORO DISTRICT

Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a dangerous disease transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes’ bites. WHO data shows that almost half of the world's humans are exposed to Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. The number of mortality caused by dengue disease is around 20,000 every year. In East Java, Bojonegoro District has the highest number of dengue hemorrhagic fever cases (416). To reduce this number, the causative factors need to be known. Additionally, it's important to pinpoint the region or cluster where the variables driving the spread are located so that prevention and treatment efforts are effective. Based on the elements contributing to the transmission of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, this study seeks to identify and categorize locations at risk for the spread of the illness. This study uses Hybrid K Means-Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS) which is a combination of K-Means and MARS methods in the hope of providing better analytical results. This is because the data was divided into simpler parts by considering the Oakley distance. The results obtained from the K Means-MARS hybrid shows the relationship between response variables and predictor variables for each cluster. There are three clusters of risk for the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever in Bojonegoro district with categories: high risk cluster, medium risk cluster and low risk cluster. The high risk cluster consists of 7 sub-districts (Baureno, Kepohbaru, Balen, Sumberrejo, Kedungadem, Bojonegoro and Dander). The variables affecting the DHF Sufferer in the high risk cluster were population density (X2), Altitude (X3) and Health Worker (X6). Meanwhile, the medium risk cluster consists of 10 sub-districts (Kalitidu, Kanor, Kapas, Ngasem, Ngraho, Padangan, Sugihwaras, Sukosewu, Tambakrejo, and Trucuk). The variables that affect the DHF Sufferer in the medium cluster are Number of Dead (X1), Population Density (X2) and Health Facility (X5). The low risk cluster consisted of 11 sub-districts (Bubulan, Gayam, Gondang, Kasiman, Kedewan, Malo, Margomulyo, Ngambon, Purwosari, Sekar, and Temayang). The variables affecting the DHF Sufferer rate in the low risk cluster were number of dead (X1) and population density (X2).

The Influence of Thrombocytopenia in Covid-19 Patients on Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Cases

The increasing cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in all regions of Indonesia are a disease transmitted through a vector amid the ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic, which can seriously threaten public health. This study aims to analyze the relationship between thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 and cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever. This research was conducted from February to March 2022. The tools used in this study were the Abbot Cell-Dyn Ruby Hematology Autoanalyzer and questionnaires as well as PCR secondary data. Anas used Pearson's Correlation Test statistic and used a cross-sectional study design with 389 respondents who came to check blood at the laboratory. Based on the data obtained, 128 respondents had thrombocytopenia (32.9%) diagnosed with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, and as many as 70 out of 128 respondents had been exposed to COVID-19 (54.7%). The analysis results show a relationship between the influence of thrombocytopenia in patients with COVID-19 and cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever. It is necessary to improve anamnesis in patients suspected of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever, it is hoped that they will carry out investigations related to previous exposure to COVID-19, so that they can provide, fast, precise and accurate treatment and treatment.

Penerapan Metode K-Medoids Clustering Pada Penanganan Kasus Demam Berdarah

The number of cases of the spread of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) in Beringin Country Village every year has increased for this reason, it is necessary to handle dengue hemorrhagic fever so that the spread does not increase dengue hemorrhagic fever cases every year. The vast natural conditions of Banyan Country Village make it difficult to monitor the spread of diseases based on the most cases. This causes slow prevention and control of the disease. For this reason, it is necessary to group or cluster diseases based on the number of cases that occur each year. This study aims to apply the K-Medoids algorithm to group dengue hemorrhagic fever data based on the number of cases each year. The process of solving problems can be done by processing data. Data mining is a data processing process for extracting information stored in the data set, in data mining the process of grouping data for the process of handling dengue hemorrhagic fever is included in clustering techniques. The K-medoids algorithm is a limiting clustering method for grouping a collection of objects into clusters. The data used is in the form of data on dengue sufferers, from 2017-2022. Test results were obtained for high cluster dengue disease of 72 members and low 28 members. The K-medoids algorithm can help facilitate the process of forming dengue hemorrhagic fever treatment clusters. Testing using manual calculations and the Rapidminer application gets the same results as the system. This shows that the system has worked well.

Fatal case of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Fatal case of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome

Hantavirus Infection in Children-A Pilot Study of Single Regional Center.

Hantaviruses are infectious etiological agents of a group of rodent-borne hemorrhagic fevers, with two types of clinical manifestations in humans: hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS). According to available statistics, the disease occurs mainly in adults, but the lower incidence in the pediatric population might also be related to a lack of diagnosis possibilities or even unsatisfactory knowledge about the disease. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the cases of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome diagnosed and treated in the Department of Nephrology at St. Mary's Emergency Hospital for Children in Iasi, Romania, representative of the North-East of Romania. We also reviewed the specialized literature on the topic. Between January 2017 and January 2022, eight cases of HFRS, all men, and seven from rural areas, aged 11-18 years old, were referred to our clinic because of an acute kidney injury (AKI). Seven cases were identified as Dobrava serotype while one case was determined by Haantan serotype. HFRS should always be considered as a differential diagnosis when faced with a patient with AKI and thrombocytopenia. Dobrava serotype is the most common hantavirus subtype in the Balkans. For the specific prevention of human infections, mainly in high-risk groups, vaccines are needed. As far as we know, this is the first study on HFRS in Romanian children.

An evaluation of the laboratory and clinical data of the Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever patients during the Covid-19 pandemic

In this study, the purpose was to investigate the demographic, laboratory, and clinical characteristics of the Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) cases that were treated in our hospital during the Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. It was also investigated whether the patients hospitalized with a provisional diagnosis of CCHF who tested negative for CCHF PCR were infected with COVID-19. In our study, data (epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, prognosis) from 38 patients diagnosed with CCHF through reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and viral-RNA and/or Immunoglobulin M antibodies using ELISA between May 2020 and November 2022 were investigated retrospectively. Of all the patients, 23 were CCHF PCR (+) and 15 were CCHF PCR (-).15 (65.2%) of PCR (+) patients and 9 (60%) of PCR (-) patients were engaged in farming. 65.2% of PCR (+) and 26.7% of PCR (-) patients presented with a history of tick bites. 21 (91.3%) of PCR (+) and 12 (80%) of PCR (-) patients had a history of rural living. Among the PCR (+) patients, 65.2%, 17.4%, and 17.4% received treatment for CCHF in 2022, 2021, and 2020 respectively. 87% of PCR (+) and 60% of PCR (-) patients were discharged after full recovery. The most common symptoms were fever, diffuse body ache, weakness, and headache. Significant differences were found between PCR (+) and PCR (-) patients in terms of leukocytes, LDH, INR, NEU, PLT, fibrinogen, and NLR values. 3 patients hospitalized with a provisional diagnosis of CCHF tested negative for CCHF PCR and positive for COVID-19 PCR. Thoracic CT, clinical, and laboratory findings of these patients showed no differences from the other patients. The possibility of misdiagnosis should be considered in CCHF and COVID-19 infections due to their similar symptoms and indications. Extensive multicentric studies need to be conducted to investigate the causes of the increased number of CCHF cases during the pandemic.

Epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, prevention, treatment, and future prospects of the Lassa fever outbreak: a potential study.

Epidemiology, symptoms, transmission, prevention, treatment, and future prospects of the Lassa fever outbreak: a potential study.

Potency of Carica papaya Leaf Extract as Thrombocytopenia Therapy for Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever: A Systematic Review of Randomized Control Trials

Background: Dengue fever is a common disease in tropical countries. According to the data from the Indonesia Ministry of Health, there were 71.633 Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) cases reported in Indonesia, with approximately 459 people dying from the disease. Thrombocytopenia is the most common clinical feature of DHF and often causes serious complications if not treatedproperly. Several studies have analyzed the potency of Carica papaya leaf which has been proven asan effective therapy for thrombocytopenia. Objectives: This systematic review aims to discover the potency of Carica papaya leaf extract as a therapy for thrombocytopenia. Method: Literature was searched by using keywords in accordance with the topic, then filtered according to the inclusion criteria that had been determined according to the PRISMA rules. Publication bias in this reviewwas conducted subjectively using the Revman 5.4 software. Results: From 138 studies, it wasfound that screening was carried out based on inclusion criteria, including a randomized controlled trial study in humans with a population of dengue fever patients and received the intervention of papaya leaf extract so that 6 studies were included in the inclusion study, which was then carried out by qualitative synthesis from the study. Based on the results of the qualitative analysis, it wasfound that there was a faster and more significant improvement in the platelet count between the intervention group compared to the control group in the 6 studies. Conclusion: Carica papaya leaf extract has potential as a thrombocytopenia therapy in dengue fever patients.

Strategy to control and eradicate dengue hemorrhagic fever vectors in Bali

Dengue hemorrhagic fever cases in Bali have increased in the past decade. Control and eradication efforts must be optimized. In order to create dengue-free zones, accurate information and a comprehensive strategy for accelerating dengue vector management are required. This paper is based on empirical, field, and epidemiological studies and program evaluations guided by the health belief model approach. In this regard, Bali's lesson on dengue cases fluctuated from 2018 to 2020. The incidence and death rates are increasing, especially during the COVID-19. Many factors affect the disease agent, the host, and the environment. The SIGAP strategy is a policy brief that is studied and implemented to accelerate dengue vector control in Bali, which includes: awareness of the importance of 4M-Plus (draining, closing, reusing used goods, and monitoring) and mosquito nest control; integration of dengue information services; using natural insecticides and larvicides; observing and reporting the presence of vectors to the larva monitoring officer; and regular monitoring weekly. Implementing the SIGAP strategy can reduce dengue vectors and speed up the process of getting rid of dengue disease in Bali.

Development of a novel diagnostic kit candidate to detect dengue antibody, using IgY and protein a positive Staphylococcus aureus

Early diagnosis of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is very important in determining further management. Diagnostic kits are intended as relatively faster, easier, and cheaper diagnostic tools. The objectives of this experimental laboratory study was to prepare a diagnostic kit candidate to detect dengue antibody in human serum using co -agglutination methods by utilizing protein A positive Staphylococcus aureus as a carrier to bind Fc immunoglobulin fractions without altering its ability to bind antigen. To enhance the sensitivity and specificity of the diagnostic kit, chicken IgY was used as one of the components. Rabbit immunoglobulin chicken anti-IgY was used as an intermediary connection between protein A positive and Staphylococcus aureus with chicken IgY. Solution A contains Staphylococcus aureus Cowan I and rabbit immunoglobulin chicken anti-IgY serum while Solution B contains anti-dengue chicken serum and dengue antigen. The laboratory experiments produced a formula of A: B = 1~3: 1~3 (v/v), which was then tested to human serum and compared with IgM and IgG ELISA tests as the gold standard. Data on the results of the test were statistically analyzed using chi - square test. Of the 65 qualified samples used, 47.69% resulted in true positive and 41.54% resulted in true negative. Meanwhile, the remaining samples demonstrated false negative (6.15%), positive predictive value (91.2%) and negative predictive value (87.1%). The sensitivity and specificity were 89% and 90%, respectively, with no significant diffe rences (p>0.05). Therefore, co-agglutination method using S. aureus with protein A positive as a carrier can be proposed as a diagnostic kit candidate to detect human serum dengue antibody to screen dengue hemorrhagic fever cases.

PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF THE IMBALANCED DATA METHOD ON INCREASING THE CLASSIFICATION ACCURACY OF THE MACHINE LEARNING HYBRID METHOD

This study analyzes the performance of hybrid methods in improving accuracy on imbalanced data using Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever Case Data from 2017 to 2021 in Bandung City. The attributes used in this study consist of Total Population, Total Male, Elementary School Graduation, Junior High School Graduation, High School Graduation, College Graduation, Rainfall, Average Temperature, Humidity, Male Cases, Number of Cases, and Class. This research combines five Machine Learning methods, such as Decision Tree, Support Vector Machine, Artificial Neural Network, K-Nearest Neighbor, and Naïve Bayes. Hybrid Methods used in this research are Voting and Stacking methods. The oversampling methods used to handle imbalanced data in this study are Random Oversampling and Adasyn. The results show that Voting and Stacking without Random Oversampling and Adasyn get the same accuracy of 88,88%. While using Random Oversampling, voting gets an accuracy of 95,37% and stacking gets an accuracy of 96,29%. While using Adasyn, voting gets an accuracy of 94,44% and stacking gets an accuracy of 97,22%. Based on the results obtained, it can be concluded that the Random Oversampling and Adasyn Method can improve the performance of the Machine Learning hybrid method on imbalanced data. The contribution of this research is to provide information on the study and analysis of the implementation of the Random Oversampling and Adasyn methods in improving the performance of the Voting and Stacking methods in hybrid classification.

Pet Rats as the Likely Reservoir for Human Seoul Orthohantavirus Infection.

Seoul orthohantavirus (SEOV) is a rat-associated zoonotic pathogen with an almost worldwide distribution. In 2019, the first autochthonous human case of SEOV-induced hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome was reported in Germany, and a pet rat was identified as the source of the zoonotic infection. To further investigate the SEOV reservoir, additional rats from the patient and another owner, all of which were purchased from the same vendor, were tested. SEOV RNA and anti-SEOV antibodies were found in both of the patient's rats and in two of the three rats belonging to the other owner. The complete coding sequences of the small (S), medium (M), and large (L) segments obtained from one rat per owner exhibited a high sequence similarity to SEOV strains of breeder rat or human origin from the Netherlands, France, the USA, and Great Britain. Serological screening of 490 rats from breeding facilities and 563 wild rats from Germany (2007-2020) as well as 594 wild rats from the Netherlands (2013-2021) revealed 1 and 6 seropositive individuals, respectively. However, SEOV RNA was not detected in any of these animals. Increased surveillance of pet, breeder, and wild rats is needed to identify the origin of the SEOV strain in Europe and to develop measures to prevent transmission to the human population.