Case Material Research Articles

SIGNIFICANT ELEMENTS OF THE CRIMINALISTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FRAUD ON THE INTERNET

This article examines such significant elements of the criminalistic characteristics of fraud on the Internet as traces; the place of fraud; the persons who committed the crime; individual technical characteristics of the crime instrument; the focus of the actions performed; difficulties in identifying the location of the completion of the crime; lack of direct contact between the victim and the perpetrator; features of the transfer of the stolen. The author notes computer and traditional traces as typical traces of modern Internet fraud, defines the place (location) of fraudulent actions on the Internet, provides possible locations, characterizes the personality of the criminal, including, based on the analysis of criminal case materials, typical characteristics of the attacker’s personality when he implements fraudulent actions are noted. The author touches upon the issues of increasing the effectiveness of the investigation of the investigated category of criminal acts, and gives recommendations on the rational organization of the investigator’s actions.

Interpreting with a Modern Kleinian view: Clinical examples of talk therapy and what is said

Case material, disguised for confidentiality, is used to show the way interpretations are made from the Modern Kleinian therapy approach and how these interpretations evolve during the course of a session and throughout treatment. Issues of focus on defense and/or internal phantasy conflict are discussed and the centrality of projective identification and phantasy are then illustrated. In detailed clinical reports, the patient’s internal object relational struggles are highlighted, explored, and challenged with supportive interpretation. This includes a focus on transference, countertransference, and containment.

When the body speaks: A case discussion of bodily manifestations of introjection and identification with the aggressor

This paper provides an analysis of the patient’s somatic experiences and fantasies during the psychoanalytic psychotherapy of childhood relational trauma. Somatizations and enactments pertaining to childhood traumas are discussed as they expressed aspects of early stigmatizations, social bullying, and parental boundary violations. A central persecutory theme of impending death during the Covid pandemic is discussed as it revealed previously unspeakable persecutory fears. Obsessional somatic preoccupations and fantasies expressed the patient’s sense of inescapable condemnation and annihilation, which in turn portrayed the patient’s fear of parental homicidal wishes toward the patient. Key aspects of this treatment also concerned an analysis of self-endangerment and suicidality as a defensive process of identification with the aggressor. Somatic aspects of transference and countertransference phenomena are explored as an integral part of the analysis. A discussion of the case material with two psychoanalyst colleagues is included.

Effect of Secondary Phase on Passivation Layer of Super Duplex Stainless Steel UNS S 32750: Advanced Safety of Li-Ion Battery Case Materials.

Aluminum, traditionally the primary material for battery casings, is increasingly being replaced by UNS S 30400 for enhanced safety. UNS S 30400 offers superior strength and corrosion resistance compared to aluminum; however, it undergoes a phase transformation owing to stress during processing and a lower high-temperature strength. Duplex stainless steel UNS S 32750, consisting of both austenite and ferrite phases, exhibits excellent strength and corrosion resistance. However, it also precipitates secondary phases at high temperatures, which are known to form through the segregation of Cr and Mo. Various studies have investigated the corrosion resistance of UNS S 32750; however, discrepancies exist regarding the formation and thickness of the passivation layer. This study analyzed the oxygen layer on the surface of UNS S 32750 after secondary-phase precipitation. The microstructure, volume fraction, chemical composition, and depth of O after the precipitation of the secondary phases in UNS S 32750 was examined using FE-SEM, EDS, EPMA and XRD, and the surface chemical composition and passivation layer thickness were analyzed using electron probe microanalysis and glow-discharge spectroscopy. This study demonstrated the segregation of alloy elements and a reduction in the passivation-layer thickness after precipitation from 25 μm to 20 μm. The findings of the analysis aid in elucidating the impact of secondary-phase precipitation on the passivation layer.

Annotated insights into legal reasoning: A dataset of Article 6 ECHR cases

We present a novel annotated dataset of legal cases pertaining to Article 6 – the right to a fair trial – of the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). This dataset will serve as a useful resource to the research community, to assist in the training and evaluation of AI systems designed to embody the legal reasoning involved in determining the appropriate legal outcome from a description of the case material. The annotations were applied to provide finer-grain classifications of legal cases at the document level. Each classification label was sourced from a domain knowledge model, derived with legal expert guidance and known as an Angelic Domain Model (ADM), such that the classifications correspond to the actual legal rationales used by the Court when determining the outcome of a given case. We discuss our annotation pipeline, including annotator training, inter-annotator reliability evaluation, and the dissemination of the annotation outputs and associated metadata.

Corium interface flow dynamics investigation during severe accident in pressurized water reactors using compressive advection interface capturing method

Past nuclear accident occurrences raised strong concerns which led to research on nuclear safety. One of the major causes of nuclear accidents is the impeded circulation of core coolant, leading to decay heat removal cessation and rapid temperature rise. If uncontrolled, this results in critical heat flux, loss of coolant accidents, and core dryout. Detailed melted core relocation (i.e., nuclear fuel, graphite, and zircaloy) needs to be investigated through interface capture and multimaterial flow model coupling, which have not been done in previous studies. This work aims to investigate the impacts of temperature and core material composition on the flow dynamics during core relocation. In this study, mass fraction is discretized using a streamlined upwind Petrov–Galerkin method spatially and a modified Crank–Nicolson method temporally to accurately capture fluid interfaces using a high-order accurate flux-limiter. Two core material composition cases (individual material properties case and bulk material properties case) were considered to assess the impact of temperature and core materials composition on both flow dynamics and computational time. Temperature has a significant impact on core material transport and corium flow dynamics during core relocation. Bulk materials properties case has greater impact of temperature on its corium resulting in faster materials transport, but with higher computation time.

Effect of preparation process on purity of tricalcium aluminate

In the realm of cement production, traditional fuels are steadily giving way to alternative sources. While this shift yields economic and ecological advantages, it introduces notable technological challenges. Specifically, there is an escalation in certain chemical elements, leading to variability in the mineralogical composition. This variability is subsequently manifested in the characteristics of Portland clinker. It becomes imperative, therefore, to synthesize pure clinker minerals. This synthesis is essential for both understanding their behavior in industrially manufactured cement and creating analytical standards for mineral identification through XRD. The primary focus of the research is on the production of pure tricalcium aluminate, a key clinker mineral, within laboratory conditions. A direct laboratory methodology involving solid-phase synthesis is used. The investigation meticulously tracks the impact of homogenizing the raw material mixture on the resultant mineral’s purity. To achieve this, a high-speed Pulverisette 6 planetary mill is utilized along with two types of grinding bodies. A corundum grinding capsule with corundum grinding bodies is employed to prevent contamination by foreign ions. Simultaneously, a highly efficient steel grinding capsule with steel grinding bodies is utilized. The raw material mixture is then subjected to sintering at six different temperatures ranging from 1 200 to 1 450 °C, and the purity of the produced mineral is quantified using Rietveld analysis. Laser granulometry results indicate a strikingly similar comminution of the raw material in both grinding cases. Iron contamination, as revealed by XRF analysis, is minimal, accounting for only 0.21 %. The purity of 97.6% C3A, is achieved at 1 450 °C using a steel grinding capsule, with 2.4% unreacted lime Conversely, when using a corundum capsule, a purity of 93.6 % is achieved, accompanied by residues of 2.2 % mayenite and 3.8 % lime. This discrepancy may be attributed to an insufficient degree of raw material comminution in the corundum capsule. Intriguingly, a slight iron contamination during the grinding of the raw material mixture exerts a positive influence on purity. In this case, iron acts as a flux, fostering a more favorable reaction of the mineral mayenite. This multifaceted exploration enhances our understanding of clinker mineral synthesis, offering insights into optimizing purity based on grinding methods, sintering temperatures, and the impact of minor contaminants.

Bleeding and thrombotic events and intensity of heparin therapy in the two first waves of COVID-19.

A systemic inflammatory response occurs during SARS-CoV2 infection and is associated with hypercoagulability and thrombotic events. From March 2020 in our hospital different dosages of low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) were introduced according to the level of patient care intensity. Because bleeding episodes occurred in hospitalized COVID-19 patients on heparin, the dosage of LMWH at the end of first wave was tailored on the severity of COVID-19. The aim of this study is to describe bleeding and thrombotic events in patients hospitalized with SARS-CoV2 infection on LMWH therapy in the two waves of COVID-19 and analyze the factors associated with these events. Among 1143 patients enrolled in the COVID-19 Network registry, 912 were included in the analysis, 537 of them admitted during the first wave and 375 during the second. Bleeding events were 30 (3.3%): 22 (2.4%) major and 8 (0.9%) non-major. Arterial and venous thrombotic events were 6 (0.7%) and 24 (2.6%). The incidence of venous thrombotic events was higher in the first than in the second wave (0.29% [95% CI 0.20-0.45] events/day vs. 0.05% [95% CI 0.02-0.16]), with a 71% risk reduction (95% CI 22%-94%). The incidence of bleeding was 0.33% (95% CI 0.22-0.50) vs 0.14% events/day (95% CI 0.07-0.28), with no statistical between-wave difference (HR 0.41 95% CI 0.16-1.08). After adjusting for the competing risks of death and comorbidities, patients in the second wave had lower odds to have thrombotic events than in the first wave (0.24 HR [95% C.I. 0.07-0.89]). In this retrospective study on COVID-19 we found a low rate of hemorrhagic and thrombotic events, that may be explained by the absence in the case material of patients admitted to intensive care unit.

Процессуальные и организационные особенности взаимодействия эксперта и суда по медицинским спорам

The article discusses the issues of appointment and payment of forensic examination in medical disputes, taking into account the latest trends in changes in current legislation. The procedural nuances of preparing civil case materials and collecting evidence for conducting a full-fledged expert study with a high degree of stability as evidence in the court of appeal are analyzed.

Epidemiology and prevalence of dementia and Alzheimer's disease in American Indians: Data from the Strong Heart Study.

Accurate epidemiologic estimates for dementia are lacking for American Indians, despite substantive social and health disparities. The Strong Heart Study, a population-based cohort of 11 American Indian tribes, conducted detailed cognitive testing and examinations over two visits approximately 7 years apart. An expert panel reviewed case materials for consensus adjudication of cognitive status (intact; mild cognitive impairment [MCI]; dementia; other impaired/not MCI) and probable etiology (Alzheimer's disease [AD], vascular bain injury [VBI], traumatic brain injury [TBI], other). American Indians aged 70-95 years had 54% cognitive impairment including 10% dementia. VBI and AD were primary etiology approximately equal proportions (>40%). Apolipoprotein (APO) Eε4 carriers were more common among those with dementia (p=0.040). Plasma pTau, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), and neurofilament light chain (NfL) were higher among those with cognitive impairment, but not amyloid beta (Aβ). Cognitive intact had mean 3MSE 92.2 (SD 6.4) and mean Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score of 21.3 (SD 3.2). This is the first population-based study to estimate the prevalence of vascular and Alzheimer's dementias in a population-based study of American Indians. The Strong Heart Study is a population-based cohort of American Indian tribes, conducted over 30+ years and three US geographic regions (Northern Plains, Southern Plains, Southwest). Our teams conducted detailed cognitive testing, neurological examination, and brain imaging over two visits approximately 7 years apart. An expert panel reviewed collected materials for consensus-based adjudication of cognitive status (intact; MCI; dementia; other impaired/not MCI) and probable underlying etiology (AD; VBI; TBI; other). In this cohort of American Indians aged 70-95, 54% were adjudicated with cognitive impairment, including approximately 35% MCI and 10% dementia. These data expand on prior reports from studies using electronic health records, which had suggested prevalence, and incidence of dementia in American Indians to be more comparable to the majority population or non-Hispanic White individuals, perhaps due to latent case undercounts in clinical settings. Vascular and neurodegenerative injuries were approximately equally responsible for cognitive impairment, suggesting that reduction of cardiovascular disease is needed for primary prevention. Traumatic injury was more prevalent than in other populations, and common among those in the "other/not MCI" cognitive impairment category. Mean scores for common dementia screening instruments-even among those adjudicated as unimpaired-were relatively low compared to other populations (mean unimpaired 3MSE 92.2, SD 6.4; mean unimpaired MoCA 21.3, SD 3.2), suggesting the need for cultural and environmental adaptation of common screening and evaluation instruments.

Management of haematogenous bone and joint infection in developing countries

Haematogenous pyogenic bone and joint infection is rarely seen in developed countries, but in the developing world it is still a major and common problem. New forms of acute fulminating osteomyelitis are likely to appear due to immunosuppression in the wake of the worldwide spread of HIV infection, AIDS, and the increased use of steroids, antibiotics, and immune activators. Osteomyelitis due to candida and cryptococcus infection in certain regions, are occasionally observed, whilst osteomyelitis that is resistant to treatment is associated with diabetes mellitus. Bone and joint infections are difficult to cure. This difficulty is related to the presence of bacteria adherent to dead bone and foreign material in many cases, and also to the drug resistance and limited penetration of antibiotics into infected bone. This presentation summarizes present knowledge of bone and joint infection and its management.

The effect of the stress equilibrium factor on the composite case of the solid rocket motor

In this paper, based on the composite structure design and analysis software ANSYS ACP, the layup design for the composite cases of the equal pole hole solid rocket motor with different stress equilibrium factors is carried out. The finite element software ANSYS Workbench is used to study in detail the effects of stress equilibrium factor on the stress level, failure degree, and burst pressure prediction of the case under a certain internal pressure. The results show that reducing the value of the stress equilibrium factor can reduce the stress level of each winding layer along the main direction of the material in the motor case and gradually transfer the maximum stress of the case along the fiber direction from the weak stress zone to the cylinder section. This is beneficial for improving the burst pressure of the case and making the burst point located in the cylinder section. However, whether the case failure is related to the selected failure theory and strength criterion, the failure results and burst pressure obtained using different failure theories and strength criteria may be different, which indicates that each failure criterion has its scope of application and limitations. Under the Tsai-Wu criterion, using the stress equilibrium equation to calculate the stress equilibrium factor can just ensure that each winding layer of the motor case does not fail under the working pressure. In summary, when designing a composite case and predicting its failure, in addition to considering whether the stress equilibrium factor taken is conducive to meeting the design requirements for the strength of the case, it is also necessary to consider the use of multiple failure criteria to study the failure of the case. Obviously, arbitrarily selecting the stress equilibrium factor is not appropriate in the above process. By analyzing the influence of the stress equilibrium factor on the strength and failure condition of the motor case, it can provide an effective reference for the design of a composite case for SRM.

Histologic evaluation of edentulous alveolar ridge horizontal bone augmentations using a xenogeneic bone substitute and autologous platelet concentrates: a case series.

This case series aimed to assess the efficacy of a novel horizontal ridge augmentation modality using histology. Combinations of "sticky bone" and tenting screws without autologous bone were used as augmentative materials. Five individuals presenting healed, atrophic, partially edentulous sites that required horizontal bone augmentation before implant placement were enrolled. Patients underwent the same augmentation type and 5 months of postoperative reentry procedures. The first surgery served as implant site development, whereas the biopsy and corresponding implant placement were performed during reentry. The bone was qualitatively analyzed using histology and histomorphometry and quantitatively evaluated using CBCT. Four individuals healed uneventfully. Early wound dehiscence occurred in one case. Histology showed favorable bone substitute incorporation into the newly formed bone and intimate contact between de novo bone and graft material in most cases. Histomorphometry revealed an average of 48 ± 28% newly formed bone, 19 ± 13% graft material, and 33 ± 26% soft tissue components. The CBCT-based mean alveolar ridge horizontal increase was 3.9 ± 0.6 mm at 5 months postoperatively. The described augmentation method appears suitable for implant site development resulting in favorable bone quality according to histology. However, clinicians must accommodate 1 to 2 mm of resorption in augmentative material width at the buccal aspect.

Addressing Contradictions in Evidence: the Duty of the Court

This article examines the complexities surrounding the court’s assessment of evidence, particularly concerning contradictions encountered during the adjudication of criminal cases. It emphasizes that the resolution of such contractions is an essential aspect of a judge’s procedural duties. Mere logical coherence in the court’s conclusions is insufficient to validate a verdict; instead, all significant contradictions within the case materials must be meticulously identified and rectified through objective scrutiny and evaluation of the evidence. Additionally, the author highlights the court’s obligation to justify, in cases where irreducible doubts persist regarding the defendant’s guilt, the inability to eliminate such doubts in the verdict.

Non-destructive evaluation of artillery combustible cartridge case using terahertz radiation

In this study, terahertz radiation was employed to determine the radius, diameter, and thickness of the nitrocellulose combustible cartridge case used for tank ammunition. The construction of the sample was outlined, and the refractive index of the case material was measured. A terahertz rotary scanner with a time-domain spectroscopy setup in reflection configuration was developed, and its performance and parameters were determined. A wire polariser was introduced as a reference to determine the stable time difference. The radius and diameter measurements of the case were based on a reference terahertz pulse reflected from its metal base. The thickness of the case was calculated based on the time difference between pulses reflected from its inner and outer surfaces. These measurements were in agreement with the reference measurements. The results prove that the developed setup and measurement methods are suitable for the non-destructive evaluation of cases and provided satisfactory performance.

Enhancing flexibility in BaTiO3:Sm3+ freestanding nanofiber membranes through Poisson's ratio design

In recent years, flexible functional materials have attracted increasing interest, but there is a lack of designing mechanisms of flexibility design with superstructures. In traditional engineering mechanics, the maximum bending strain (MBS) was considered universal for describing the bendable properties of a given material, leading to the universal designing method of lowering the dimension such as thin membranes designed flexible functional materials. In this work, the MBS was found only applicable for materials with uniformly distributed Poisson's ratio, while the MBS increases with the thickness of the given material in case there is a variation Poisson's ratio in different areas. This means the MBS can be enhanced by certain Poisson's ratio design in the future to achieve better flexibility of thick materials. Here, the macroscopic freestanding inorganic functional BaTiO3:Sm3+ (BTO:S) nanofiber membranes, which have a nonconstant Poisson's ratio response on stress/strain for creating nonuniformly distributed Poisson's ratio, were proven applicable for designing larger MBS and lower Young's modulus for flexible functional materials.

Конструктивно-технологические особенности высокотемпературных интегральных микросхем

The problems of design and technological solutions for high-temperature analog microcircuits have been studied. Based on a review of publications devoted to the problems of designing high-temperature electronics products, it is shown that the most studied and used in mass production materials for the manufacture of crystals operating in the temperature range up to 300-350 ºС and in some cases up to 500 ºС are silicon carbide of the 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC. The use of gallium nitride GaN as a material for crystals makes it possible to expand the operating temperature range of semiconductor devices to 600 ºС. These materials have a large band gap, a high charge carrier saturation rate, and a low concentration of intrinsic charge carriers. One of the main factors limiting the growth rate of production of high-temperature electronics products is the complexity of packaging. It is shown that special attention of researchers is currently paid to the selection of case materials, materials for fastening crystals and materials of conductors connecting the contact pad of the crystals with the traverses of the case and coordinating the coefficient of thermal expansion of the crystal, the material for fastening the crystal and the housing seat on which the crystal is placed.

Development and exploration of the national first-class undergraduate course in "Enzyme Engineering"

The biotechnology industry is a strategic emerging industry in our country, holding a crucial position in the national economy. The training of innovative high-quality professionals carries immense significance. As the cornerstone course in biotechnology, "Enzyme Engineering" directly impacts the students' caliber and industry development. This course aims to address pertinent issues present in the current curriculum delivery, such as inadequately optimized content, excessive dependency on textbooks, and reliance on monotonous teaching methods. By adjusting the course outline, updating the case material repository, and engaging students' enthusiasm, we developed a three-dimensional approach to instruct. This approach included a blend of online and offline components, interactive teaching through the flipped classroom methodology, heuristic teaching using problem-based learning (PBL) mode, and topic teaching via case studies. We also improved the assessment mechanism to stimulate students' enthusiasm for learning nurture their innovation capabilities. Our objective was to foster high-quality professionals with a robust foundation and practical expertise. Through teaching exploration and practice, we have witnessed significant improvement in both teaching efficacy and students' engineering practice and innovation abilities.

Interactive Pathology Tutorial in Neoplastic Hematology Disorders for Medical Hematology-Oncology Fellows.

Hematology-oncology (HO) fellows receive limited instruction in the process of establishing a diagnosis for hematologic neoplasms, and learning neoplastic hematology often occurs in limited encounters. In the current study, we developed a web-based interactive pathology tutorial in neoplastic hematologic disorders for HO fellows to work up simulated cases and establish the diagnosis. An online system ("Pathology Playground") was utilized to load case materials including microscopic images and ancillary studies. Twelve high-yield simulated cases of common leukemias and lymphoma were included. At the beginning of each case, trainees review the clinical history and slide images, and then, they are given the option to request additional pathology work-up. Based on the results, they can enter their diagnostic impression. If the diagnosis is correct, the user is shown a short educational presentation. If the diagnosis is not correct, the user gets notified by the message "Incorrect." The tutorial was integrated in the educational curriculum of our HO fellowship program, and bimonthly teaching sessions were held to review two cases each time. During the sessions, trainees request ancillary studies to complete the diagnostic work-up using the software and interpret the findings. As the case is being worked up by the trainee, the hematopathologists and HO fellowship program director discuss the findings, the appropriate work-up tools, and the implications on management. All of our six HO fellows attended the sessions, and a survey from the trainees showed high ease of use of the system and they viewed it as a very useful educational tool. A pre-test and post-test were administered for one of the sessions, and the result showed improvement in the average from 62 to 73%. Expanding the use of this online interactive tutorial and incorporating additional cases would enhance its value as a learning resource.

Effect of Secondary Phase on Electroless Ni Plating Behaviour of Super Duplex Stainless Steel SAF2507 for Advanced Li-Ion Battery Case.

The development of Li-ion battery cases requires superior electrical conductivity, strength, and corrosion resistance for both cathode and anode to enhance safety and performance. Among the various battery case materials, super duplex stainless steel (SDSS), which is composed of austenite and ferrite as two-phase stainless steel, exhibits outstanding strength and corrosion resistance. However, stainless steel, which is an iron-based material, tends to have lower electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, nickel-plating SDSS can achieve excellent electrical conductivity, making it suitable for Li-ion battery cases. Therefore, this study analysed the plating behaviour of SDSS plates after nickel plating to leverage their exceptional strength and corrosion resistance. Electroless Ni plating was performed to analyse the plating behaviour, and the plating behaviour was studied with reference to different plating durations. Heat treatment was conducted at 1000 °C for one hour, followed by cooling at 50 °C/s. Post-heat treatment, the analysis of phases was executed using FE-SEM, EDS, and EPMA. Electroless Ni plating was performed at 60-300 s. The plating duration after the heat treatment was up to 300 s, and the behaviour of the materials was observed using FE-SEM. The phase analysis concerning different plating durations was conducted using XRD. Post-heat treatment, the precipitated secondary phases in SAF2507 were identified as Sigma, Chi, and CrN, approximating a 13% distribution. During the electroless Ni plating, the secondary phase exhibited a plating rate equivalent to that of ferrite, entirely plating at around 180 s. Further increments in plating time displayed growth of the plating layer from the austenite direction towards the ferrite, accompanied by a reduced influence from the substrate. Despite the differences in composition, both the secondary phase and austenite demonstrated comparable plating rates, showing that electroless Ni plating on SDSS was primarily influenced by the substrate, a finding which was primarily confirmed through phase analysis.