Case Assignment Research Articles

Spanish causatives

Spanish, contrary to Catalan, French and Italian, allows causees to appear in pre-infinitival position. This paper takes as initial point of departure the asymmetries between the pre-infinitival position vs. the post-infinitival discussed in Ordóñez and Saab (2017). I provide a cartographic account in which more than one site for causees must be posited. This proposal follows the same reasoning that posits more than one subject position in the clausal spine (see for instance Cardinaletti 2004). I characterize the higher pre-infinitival position as a criterial position in the sense of Rizzi (2006, 2007). Following that proposal, I address the question of the interaction of case in this higher causee projection. I adopt Baker and Vinokurova’s (2010) proposal that UG must allow two ways for case resolution: case via agreement and dependent case. I will show that Spanish spoken in Catalonia is uniform in its case assignment solution of dative case for causees. I propose that the higher causee projection is an applicative head which assigns dative uniformly. However, for Catalan, Italian and French and many other dialects of Spanish, case assignment depends on the transitivity of the infinitival verb. In these varieties I invoke dependent case.

Development of natural science literacy of students through the use of case technology in chemistry classes

Relevance. Dynamic changes in society affect all areas of life, including education. In Kazakhstan, educational policy reform is based on a competence-based and personal approach, which determines the relevance of using modern innovative educational tools, including for studying natural sciences.Purpose. The purpose of the study was to examine the features of the formation of natural science literacy of students based on the use of case technologies in their study of chemistry.Methodology. For this purpose, the methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, generalisation, deduction, and abstraction were used.Results. As a result, it is established that case technologies are characterised by high efficiency in the modern educational process. It is proved that their use positively impacts various types of students� skills, namely subject and personal. Thus, educational subjects acquire the necessary skills to use the acquired knowledge of chemistry in everyday life and solve global problems. As a result, it was established that case technologies contribute to the improvement of the student�s personal qualities and their opportunities for self-development and reflection. The study has developed an algorithm that teachers can use when creating case assignments on their own.Conclusions. The study also identified the value of natural science literacy of schoolchildren, both for their educational activities and for everyday life. Accordingly, based on the given examples of case tasks, the possibility of their use by teachers when presenting specific subjects in chemistry was demonstrated. It is advisable to use individual results in the process of developing educational and methodological recommendations for chemistry teachers in schools in Kazakhstan and in the process of improving their qualifications.

Propensity score matching: a tool for consumer risk modeling and portfolio underwriting

Researchers and practitioners in financial services utilize a wide range of empirical techniques to assess risk and value. In cases where known performance is used to predict future performance of a new asset, the risk of bias is present when samples are uncontrolled by the analyst. Propensity score matching is a statistical methodology commonly used in medical and social science research to address issues related to experimental design when random assignment of cases is not possible. This common method has been almost absent from financial risk modeling and portfolio underwriting, primarily due to the different objectives for this sector relative to medicine and social sciences. In this application note, we demonstrate how propensity score matching can be considered as a practical tool to inform portfolio underwriting outside of experimental design. Using a portfolio of distressed consumer credit accounts, we demonstrate that propensity score matching can be used to predict both account-level and portfolio-level risk and argue that propensity score matching should be included in the methodological toolbox of researchers and practitioners engaged in risk modeling and valuation activities of portfolios of consumer assets, particularly in contexts with limited observations, a large number of potential modeling features, or highly imbalanced covariates.

Dependent-case assignment could be AGREE

Preminger (to appear) claims that an AGREE-based theory of case assignment undergenerates because it cannot handle attested dependent-case patterns. This paper argues that dependent-case assignment can in fact be modelled using the operation AGREE, building on independently motivated assumptions. Therefore, an AGREE-based theory of case assignment does not undergenerate.

The Mainstreaming of Egalitarian Pedagogy in Sociology Learning Process

The purpose of this study was to determine the practice of teaching sociology using an egalitarian pedagogy approach in the Practice of Field Experience (PPL) II of Teacher Professional Education Program (PPG) Pre-service at SMAN 1 Masbagik, East Lombok. The method of this research was qualitative research with a phenomenological approach. The subjects of this study were students of the PPL II of PPG Pre-service at SMAN 1 Masbagik, East Lombok. Data collection techniques were observation, interviews, and documentation, while the data analysis technique used was interpretative phenomenological analysis. In the practice of learning sociology at PPL II PPG Pre-service, students as professional teacher candidates applied innovative learning models such as discovery and inquiry learning, Project Based Learning (PjBL), Problem Based Learning (PBL), and Cooperative Learning. These learning models emphasize student-centered learning where students are encouraged to be active, independent, critical, creative, interactive, and collaborative. At this point, the practice of learning sociology prioritizes group discussions, problem solving through case studies and assignments (field studies). Besides applying innovative learning models, students from the Field Experience Practice (PPL) II PPG Pre-service also used an egalitarian pedagogical approach, namely sociology learning which was designed to be more fun and meaningful so as to create learning that is more humane, dialogical, and participatory. Learning here is interpreted as learning together so as to create an egalitarian relationship between the teacher and students in the classroom where the teacher acts more as a facilitator, motivator, and inspirer.
 Keywords: pedagogy, egalitarianism, sociology, Teacher Professional Education (PPG)

Language Contact Phenomena in Maya under Spanish Influence – A Case Study on the Use of Pronominals in Yucatec Maya

This contribution aims to analyse the language contact phenomena between Yucatec Maya and Spanish, focusing specifically on the case of pronominals. This empirical study takes place in the village of Xocén in Yucatán, Mexico where most locals speak Maya while Spanish is the official language also spoken by many (bilingual) locals. The use of pronominals in Maya differs from Spanish in terms of morphology, functions, case assignment, syntactic conditions, and discourse conditions. I apply the interface hypothesis developed by Sorace (2011) which expects bilinguals to show optionality in the use of pronominals that require specific syntactic and discourse conditions (interface), and the contact-induced language change hypothesis developed by Heine and Kuteva (2003) which expects the formation of the pronominals in Maya to be influenced by Spanish. In a case study with three monolingual Mayan speakers and six bilingual Mayan-Spanish speakers, I collected freely produced speech data in Maya focusing on the use of pronominals and analysed the different functions these pronominals fulfil. The results show that bilinguals do display optionality regarding certain pronominals that exist at interfaces and that no influence of Spanish can be found in the Mayan pronominal system. Therefore, Maya-Spanish bilingualism can be better characterised by Sorace’s interface hypothesis (2011) than by contact-induced grammaticalisation (Heine and Kuteva 2003).

Revisiting agent pseudo-incorporation in Turkish: a dependent case theoretic perspective

Abstract Dependent Case Theory takes accusative to be a dependent case, assigned to an NP only if it is c-commanded by another NP. Agent pseudo-incorporation structures in Turkish, where an accusative object is required to c-command the pseudo-incorporated agent, presents a challenge to the logic of dependent case calculus. We propose a reconciliation that calls for refining the conditions for dependent case assignment. Furthermore, we argue that agent pseudo-incorporation is made possible by a head that bundles the verbalization and agent introduction functions which are assumed by distinct heads in non-incorporation structures.

Superjudges and the Separation of Powers: A Case Study of Judicial Informality in Czechia

AbstractExamining the practices of i) the selection of judges, ii) panel composition and case assignment, and iii) judicial off-bench activities, the article argues that some Czech judges, most often court presidents and apex court judges, use informal judicial institutions as tools to increase their influence on judicial administration and the decision-making of courts. As a result, these judges have far greater influence than the formal account of their roles might suggest. The article explores the context which facilitated the informal rise of these “Superjudges”, asserting that the key factors were institutionally independent judiciaries with individually dependent judges, the absence of a shared understanding of fundamental constitutional concepts, and the underperformance of Czech legal academia. The article then contends that while Superjudges may contribute to an informed, effective, and politically independent functioning of the judiciary, they also risk eroding important divisions of power which, in turn, might compromise the integrity of the judicial process, undermine the authority of courts, and disconnect the content of the law from the general interest.

Baca Beverage Distributors: surviving the great attrition

Theoretical basis This compact case provides a relatively large data set that students explore using visualization and a Tableau dynamic dashboard that they create. Students were asked to describe what the data set contained in relation to employee attrition experience of Baca Beverage Distributors (BBD). The application and managerial questions are set in human resources and a company that is facing high attrition during the pandemic. Research methodology BBD shared their data and problem scenario for this compact case. The protagonist, Morgan Matthews, was the authors’ contact and provided significant clarification and guidance about the data. Both the company and the protagonist have been disguised. Some of the job positions have been rephrased. All names of employees, supervisors and managers have been replaced with codes. Case overview/synopsis During the 2020–2022 pandemic years, BBD experienced, like many companies, a higher than usual employee turnover rate and Morgan Matthews, Director of People, was concerned. Not only was it time-consuming, expensive and disruptive but the company had prided itself on being a good place to work. Were they hiring the right people, people that fit the company culture and people that fit the positions for which they were hired? The company had been using the Predictive Index [1] when on-boarding employees. In addition, there were results from self-reviews and manager reviews that could be used. Morgan wondered if data visualization and visual analytics would be useful in describing their employees and whether it would reveal any opportunities to improve the turnover rate. Before seeking a solution for the high turnover, it was important to step back and learn what the data said about who was leaving and the reasons they gave for leaving. Complexity academic level This compact case can be used in courses that include visualization using Tableau and dashboards. As it is a compact case, it requires less preparation time from the students and less class time for discussion. The case is for students who have been recently introduced to business analytics, specifically visualization and data storytelling with Tableau. For this reason, significant guidance has been provided in the case assignment. The level of the case can be adjusted by the amount of guidance provided in the case assignment. Courses include introduction to business analytics, descriptive analytics and visualization, communication through data storytelling. The case can be used for all modalities – in person, hybrid, online. The authors use it here for visualization and dynamic dashboards but using the same data set and compact case description, exploratory data analysis could be assigned. Supplementary material Supplementary material for this article can be found online.

Технология оценивания уровня достижения образовательных результатов будущих педагогов на основе кейс-задания

The article is devoted to the problem of assessing the educational results of future teachers. The technology for assessing the level of achievement of educational results based on a case assignment is revealed. As a methodological basis for constructing an assessment tool, the provisions of the systemic, activity-based, competency-based and criterion-based approaches are used, which make it possible to determine the observable and measurable actions of students that are part of the future professional activity of the teacher. The main stages of the technology for assessing educational results in the field of methodological training of future teachers are considered using the example of a case assignment. The content and organizational and methodological foundations of the identified stages are revealed. The results of testing case tasks to assess educational results and the level of their achievement in the field of methodological training of future teachers are presented.

‘To be’ or not ‘to be’: an analysis of copula production and omission in people with non-fluent aphasia

ABSTRACT Background Agrammatic aphasia has been widely associated with impairments with functional words and complex sentences. Speech errors of people with aphasia (PWA) have been reported to be selective, with patterns of omissions in functional words, most notably in the domain of tense inflection on verbs compared to agreement in morphologically rich languages. Aims In languages like English, where tense and agreement are hard to disentangle in their inflectional paradigms, investigations of the inflectional domain in PWA are rare. In this study, we introduce a novel approach that allows the disentangling of inflectional errors in English through the patterns of copula omission of the verb to be. The inflectional system of the functional verb to be is richer, and its distribution in the sentence is based on the semantics of its predicate (stage-level vs. individual-level). Methods and procedures Spontaneous productions of 16 PWA collated from AphasiaBank transcripts were analysed for violations of tense alongside other patterns of error that could suggest an impairment in the inflectional domain. Outcomes and results Copula deletion was found to be modulated by the semantics of the predicate, showing a selective pattern of omission in stage-level predicates. Incorrect case assignment (accusative in place of nominative) was also observed as an indicator of impaired tense. Conclusions The results confirm the effectiveness of copula to be to investigate the English inflectional system and substantiate previous studies on selective errors in the verbal domain in PWA in English.

The labor effects of judicial bias in bankruptcy

We study the effect of judicial bias favoring firm continuation in bankruptcy on the labor market outcomes of employees by exploiting the random assignment of cases across courts in the State of São Paulo in Brazil. Employees of firms assigned to courts that favor firm continuation are more likely to stay with their employer, but they earn, on average, lower wages three to five years after bankruptcy. We discuss several potential mechanisms that can rationalize this result, and provide evidence that imperfect information about outside options in the local labor market and adjustment costs associated with job change play an important role.

Occupational Factors Associated With Time to Breastfeeding Discontinuation After Return to Work Among Female Anesthesiologists in China: A Nationwide Survey.

Breast milk is of great benefit to both infants and mothers. Due to occupational barriers, female physicians are at high risk of unintentionally discontinuing breastfeeding. However, evidence among anesthesiologists was limited. The purpose of this study was to investigate occupational factors associated with time to breastfeeding discontinuation among female anesthesiologists following maternity leave in China. We conducted a nationwide survey of female anesthesiologists who had given birth since January 1, 2015. A 60-item anonymous questionnaire was developed to collect information regarding breastfeeding practices and related factors. The questionnaire was revised based on the recommendations of 15 experts and feedback from the pilot survey. The survey was distributed by the Chinese Society of Anesthesiology. The completion rate was 57.9%. In total, 1364 responders were analyzed from all 31 provinces of Mainland China. In total, 1311 (96.1%) responders reported a reduction in breast milk supply on returning to work. Among the 1161 responders who discontinued breastfeeding, 836 (72.0%) did not achieve desired goals due to occupational factors. The median [interquartile range] of maternity leave length and breastfeeding duration were 5 [4-6] months and 10 [7-12] months, respectively. The following occupational factors were associated with longer time to breastfeeding discontinuation after adjusting for confounding effects of personal factors: length of maternity leave (hazard ratio [HR] per month 0.44; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.36-0.54; P < .001), pumping breast milk during work time (HR, 0.04; 95% CI, 0.02-0.08; P < .001), support from colleagues (HR, 0.92; 95% CI, 0.86-0.99; P = .032), and additional nonclinical activities (HR, 0.87; 95% CI, 0.77-0.98; P = .022). Trainees under supervision (HR, 1.20; 95% CI, 1.06-1.43; P = .005) and the need to remain in the operating room during cases (HR, 2.59; 95% CI, 1.09-6.12; P = .031) were associated with shorter time to breastfeeding discontinuation. Approximately 899 (65.9%) responders pumped breast milk during work time. Among them, reduction in pumping frequency (HR, 1.17; 95% CI, 1.00-1.36; P = .049) and difficulty in finding opportunities for pumping (HR, 2.34; 95% CI, 1.36-4.03; P = .002) were associated with shorter time to breastfeeding discontinuation. We identified modifiable occupational factors associated with time to breastfeeding discontinuation. These findings underscored the necessity of facilitating breastfeeding in the workplace, including encouraging longer maternity leave and breastfeeding breaks, considering the feasibility of pumping in daily case assignments, establishing supportive culture, providing lactation rooms, and offering nonclinical activities.

A Qualitative Analysis of Stakeholder Attitudes Regarding Personalized Provider Selection and Patient-Therapist Matching.

This study explored mental health care patients and therapists' perspectives on using therapists' measurement-based and problem-specific effectiveness data to inform case assignments - a type of treatment personalization that has been shown to outperform non-measurement-based case assignment as usual (Constantino et al., 2021). We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews with 8 patients (75% women; M age = 33.75 years) and 8 therapists (75% women; M age = 47.50 years). The interview protocols were unique to stakeholder group. Recorded responses were transcribed and qualitatively analyzed by four judges using a blend of consensual qualitative research and grounded theory methods. Derived patient domains included preferred characteristics of a provider, and experiences and suggestions regarding provider selection. Within the domains, most patients expressed an interest in accessing more specific provider information online. Additionally, most patients indicated that both provider outcome track records and personal preference information (e.g., therapist characteristics) should be considered in the therapist selection process. All patients endorsed being comfortable with having the ability to select a provider based on a list of empirically well-matched recommendations. Derived therapist domains included using routine outcomes monitoring for patient-provider matching, referral source and direct patient use of preferred provider lists, and improvements to the provider selection process. Within the domains, all therapists remarked that outcome data would be useful for matching patients to providers; however, most also indicated that outcome data should not be the only factor used in provider selection. All therapists expressed a willingness to be included in preferred provider lists that incorporate track record data. Overall, both patients and therapists held generally positive views toward using therapist effectiveness data to help personalize mental health care. Yet, both stakeholder groups acknowledged that other personalization factors should be considered alongside these data. Based on these results, our team is in the process of implementing patient-therapist match strategies in larger and more diverse mental health care contexts.

Surgical cases assignment problem using a multi-objective squirrel search algorithm

Surgical cases assignment problem (SCAP) is among the most investigated interests in operating room planning. The studies related to the SCAP are mainly focused on the single objective optimization. To concern multiple criteria in the management, this paper reformulates a multi-objective SCAP with minimizing total operating cost and maximizing scheduled surgeries number, simultaneously. Although dozens of multi-objective methods have been introduced in recent years, these cannot be applied into the multi-objective SCAP directly considering the characteristics of the problem. To tackle the multi-objective SCAP, a problem-specified multi-objective squirrel search algorithm (MOSSA) is presented. First, a targeted single-list scheme is devised to encode individuals and an efficient decoding scheme integrating a repair strategy is proposed to construct feasible scheduling plan. Second, two simple heuristics are incorporated into the algorithm to imitate the behaviors of squirrels and improve the search ability. Third, an addition archive is employed to store the non-dominated solutions. Moreover, a DOE method is performed to investigate the influence of parameter settings. The performance of the MOSSA is assessed by a representative benchmark dataset with three different evaluating indicators. Extensive experiments and analysis results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and the superiority over compared approaches in addressing the multi-objective SCAP.

Is there hybridization between 2 species of the same genus in sympatry?-The genetic relationships between Anoplophora glabripennis, Anoplophora chinensis, and putative hybrids.

Anoplophora glabripennis (Asian longhorn beetle, ALB) and Anoplophora chinensis (Citrus longhorn beetle, CLB) are native forest pests in China; they have become important international quarantine pests. They are found using the same Salix aureo-pendula host tree of Cixi, Zhejiang province, China. On this host tree, we collected additional beetles that appeared to be morphologically intermediate between ALB and CLB. By using a stereoscope, we observed that there were several bumps on the base of the elytra, which was inconsistent with ALB, which typically has a smooth elytral base, but was more like CLB, which has numerous short tubercles on the elytral base. Given their sympatry and intermediate morphology, we hypothesized that these may represent ALB×CLB hybrids. We studied the genomic profiles for 46 samples (ALB, CLB, and putative hybrids) using genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) providing a reduced representation of the entire genome. Employing principal component analyses on the 163 GBS-derived single nucleotide polymorphism data, we found putative hybrids tightly clustered with ALB, but genetically distinct from the CLB individuals. Therefore, our initial hybrid hypothesis was not supported by genomic data. Further, while mating experiments between adult ALB and CLB were successful in 4 separate years (2017, 2018, 2020, and 2021), and oviposition behavior was observed, no progeny was produced. Having employed population genomic analysis and biological hybridization experiments, we conclude that the putative hybrids represent newly discovered morphological variants within ALB. Our approach further confirmed the advantage of genome-wide information for Anoplophora species assignment in certain ambiguous classification cases.

Differences Between High and Low Performing Police Agencies in Clearing Robberies, Aggravated Assaults, and Burglaries: Findings From an Eight-Agency Case Study

This eight-agency case study analyzes the characteristics of four high-and four low-performing police agencies, as measured by their long-term crime clearance rates. High and low performers were identified through a systematic assessment of 30 years of clearance rates of robberies, aggravated assaults, burglaries, and homicides for the largest 100 police departments in the United States. Researchers then conducted in-depth case studies of eight of these agencies—four of the highest and four of the lowest ranking in terms of their investigative practices. Comparisons of high-and low-performing agencies reveal differences in organizational structure; leadership and resources; selection, training, and performance review for investigators; case assignment and investigative processes; and community interactions. These findings provide direct guidance to agencies seeking to strengthen their investigative organization and practices.

High and Low Applicatives of Unaccusatives: Dependent Case and the Phase

The principal objective of this article is to establish a direct relationship between the structural height of the base position of the applied argument and the case and promotion-to-subject patterns observed in applicative constructions, with particular reference to applicatives of unaccusatives. The article achieves this through an approach exploiting dependent case, with the domains relevant for dependent case assignment being identified as phases, defined as (a) complete predicate-argument structures and (b) propositions. By making argument structure a defining ingredient of the delineation of phases, the article distills precise and accurate predictions about the interaction between the base-generation site of the applied object and the case patterns of unaccusative constructions featuring such an object, improving on the efficacy of previous accounts. In the process, the article reexamines the syntactic status of constituents located on the edge of a phase.

Automatic assessment of object oriented programming assignments with unit testing in Python and a real case assignment

AbstractIn this paper, we focus on developing automatic assessment (AA) for a topic that has some difficulties in its practical assessment: object oriented programming (OOP). For evaluating that the OOP principles have been correctly applied to a real application, we use unit testing. In this paper, we focus on prioritizing that the students understand and apply correctly complex OOP principles and that they design properly the classes (including their relationships). In addition, we focus on the Python programming language rather than the typical previous works' focus in this area. Thus, we present a real case study of a practical assignment, in which the students have to implement characters for a video game. This assignment has the particularities and advantages that it is incremental and that it applies all four OOP principles within a single assignment. We also present its solution with the UML class diagram description. Furthermore, we provide unit testing for this case study and give general advice for generalizing the unit tests to other real case scenarios. Finally, we corroborate the effectiveness of our approach with positive student evaluations.

Acquisition of Russian noun case by bilingual children: lexical cues to case assignment in real and novel words

ABSTRACT The present study examines the mechanisms of lexical case acquisition in Russian by two-to-five-year-old Russian monolingual (n = 54) and Russian-English bilingual children (n = 38). Participants performed a picture-based sentence completion task. Sentences were constructed to elicit production of real Russian words (n = 24) and nonce words (n = 24) in different non-nominative cases (e.g., ‘The boy is holding a … beetle-ACC/meetle-ACC’). We wanted to know if there are qualitative and/or quantitative differences in case assignment on complements of prepositions between monolingual and bilingual children, whether they can generalize case assignment rules to novel input, and whether monolingual and bilingual children show different developmental trajectories in terms of case acquisition at different ages. The results indicate that bilingual children make more errors with case forms than their monolingual peers in all tested age groups and inflectional paradigms, in both real word and nonce word productions. However, despite robust quantitative differences, bilinguals and monolinguals show strikingly similar patterns of case acquisition in that they make similar types of errors and struggle with the same case forms. Furthermore, we did not find significant differences in the accuracy of produced case forms for real versus nonce words, suggesting that both monolingual and bilingual children learn to generalize morphological rules to novel input early in language development. Finally, chronological age was a significant predictor of case form accuracy but did not interact with other variables. This means that both monolingual and bilingual children improved their case performance gradually over time with similar learning gains for real and nonce words.