Evaluation Of Carrying Capacity Research Articles

Residual Carrying Capacity Evaluation and Parking Orbit Replanning for Lunar Exploration Launch Vehicle

Residual Carrying Capacity Evaluation and Parking Orbit Replanning for Lunar Exploration Launch Vehicle

Evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity in Xiong’an New Area

From four dimensions of resource, environment, ecology (green ecology) and social economy, correlation analysis method and principal component analysis method of SPSS are used to screen evaluation indexes to design a scientific and reasonable evaluation indexes system of resource and environmental carrying capacity in Xiong’an New Area in line with regional characteristics. Based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method, resource and environmental carrying capacity of the New Area are evaluated. The results show that: the resource and environmental carrying capacity of the New Area from 2014 to 2018 are 0.3229, 0.3556, 0.3521, 0.3859 and 0.4445 respectively, with an average annual growth rate of 8.32% and a steady growth trend. Then, some countermeasures to improve resource and environmental carrying capacity of the New Area are presented from three aspects of development and utilization of land resource, development and utilization of water resource and protection and utilization of water environment.

Evaluation of ecological carrying capacity and construction of ecological security pattern in West Liaohe River Basin of China

The West Liaohe River Basin (WRLB) is a typical agro-pastoral interlaced zone in Northeast China where excessive economic development activities brought great pressure on the ecosystem and caused a series of ecological problems, having a negative effect on regional ecological carrying capacity (ECC). The rational construction of ecological security pattern (ESP) is an effective way to improve regional ECC and alleviate the contradiction between ecological protection and economic development. In this study, taking the WLRB as an example, spatiotemporal changes of ECC in the WLRB from 2000 to 2020 were explored by using spatial principal component analysis (SPCA). Furthermore, ecological sources were determined by coupling ECC evaluation results with important ecological patches such as natural protected areas, and the minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model combined with the circuit theory method were employed to identify ecological security zoning, ecological corridors and key ecological nodes. Then a comprehensive ESP of the basin was constructed. The results show as follows: 1) The ECC of the overall WLRB was at medium carrying level, yet was spatially differentiated, which decreased from the periphery to the center of the basin in general. ECC showed a fluctuating upward trend from 2000 to 2020. 2) The ecological source area of the WLRB was 21926.91 km², accounting for 17.33% of the total study area. The ecological sources were seriously fragmentated and mainly distributed in the mountain area. The area of ecological conservation zone, optimized buffer zone, ecological transition zone, ecological prevention and control zone were 55672.69 km², 32662.24 km², 23862.84 km² and 12021.04 km², accounting for 44.82%, 26.29%, 19.21% and 9.68%, respectively. We also extracted 95 ecological corridors (with a total length of 3130.97 km), 49 ecological pinch points (with a total area of 200.33 km²) and 30 ecological barrier points (with a total area of 318.30 km²), constituting a “points-lines-planes” comprehensive ecological security pattern. This research can provide scientific reference for the protection and restoration of ecological environment and regional sustainable development.

Face gear drives: Nominal contact stress calculation for flank load carrying capacity evaluation

Face gear drives are angular gear units in which an involute pinion meshes with a face gear wheel. Spur and helical face gear drives are possible with or without center offset. Face gear drives can be manufactured on conventional gear cutting machines. Furthermore, the pinion is free to move axially and such displacements have no effect on the contact pattern. This makes them a promising gearing for various applications. Due to the lack of established calculation standards, the design of face gear drives is a challenge and often results in oversizing or early failures. This may also be why face gear drives have not yet established themselves in power transmissions. Instead, the main application can be found in kinematic/auxiliary drives. In this paper, two methods for contact stress calculation for face gear drives with any configuration between helix angle and center offset are developed. Calculation examples compare the two methods and confirm the applicability. Overall, this study provides a new standard-capable easy-to-program calculation method for the contact stress based on existing standards for cylindrical gears.

Evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of Wailingding marine ranching in Zhuhai, China by high-resolution remote sensing

Evaluation of the ecological carrying capacity of marine ranching is a prerequisite and guarantee for ensuring the sustainable development of aquaculture activities, protecting and maintaining the stability and security of marine ecosystems. Based on high-resolution satellite remote sensing data and survey data of Wailingding marine ranching in Zhuhai from 2006 to 2021, this study constructed a marine ecological carrying capacity (MECC) index system with three levels: resources, environment, and ecology. A combination of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method and entropy method was applied to assign values to indexes, and then, the MECC of marine ranching was evaluated based on the state-space model and the weighted Bonferroni mean (WBM) model. Results showed that the MECC of Wailingding marine ranching increased from 0.49 (2006) before the marine ranching construction to 0.79 (2021) after the marine ranching construction. Marine ranching had elevated MECC from a loadable state to a fully loaded state. The intertidal subsystem, with a weight of 52.51%, dominates the MECC of marine ranching, in which resource and environmental factors are the major influencing factors. The increased rate of the state-space model (61.73%) was higher than that of the WBM model (44.34%), indicating that the state-space model is more feasible for the MECC assessment of Wailingding marine ranching.

Spatial suitability evaluation based on multisource data and random forest algorithm: a case study of Yulin, China

With a large population and rapid urbanization, there are still many challenges to optimize the ecological-agricultural-urban space. Here, taking Yulin City, situated on the Loess Plateau of China as a case in point, we explored the spatial suitability evaluation of ecological-agricultural-urban space. Building upon the Chinese government’s concept of “resource and environmental carrying capacity and territorial development suitability evaluation” (hereinafter referred to as “double evaluation”), this study applies machine learning to the planning of ecological-agricultural-urban space. It explores an intelligent evaluation method for land space patterns using multi-source data. Based on the random forest (RF) algorithm and geographic information system (GIS), resulting in evaluated spatial patterns for ecological-agricultural-urban in the Yulin area. The results showed the constructed random forest models achieved an accuracy of 93% for ecology, 90% for agriculture, and 92% for urban space in Yulin City on the test dataset. By means of suitability analysis, the results indicated that the extremely important ecological space were predominantly located in the southwestern and eastern regions of the study area, while suitable space for agricultural production were primarily scattered throughout the southeast. In contrast, suitable space for urban construction were concentrated mainly in the central part of the study area. The use of machine learning has proven to be effective in addressing multicollinearity among spatial evaluation factors across three different areas. By eliminating human subjectivity in weight assignment during evaluation, it introduces fresh perspectives for land space planning and status assessment. These findings may offer support for the scientific delineation of ecological-agricultural-urban space (three districts and three lines) in China.

Multi-criteria evaluation of the environmental carrying capacity (ECC) of Gharesou watershed in Ardabil province to optimal utilization of watershed resource

Multi-criteria evaluation of the environmental carrying capacity (ECC) of Gharesou watershed in Ardabil province to optimal utilization of watershed resource

Retracted: Rough Set Construction and Entropy Weight Evaluation of Urban Higher Education Resource Carrying Capacity Based on Big Data

Retracted: Rough Set Construction and Entropy Weight Evaluation of Urban Higher Education Resource Carrying Capacity Based on Big Data

Evaluation of tourist carrying capacity to support recreational beaches management

The overexploitation of sandy beaches by tourism reduces ecological integrity, rendering natural conditions unsatisfactory for the needs of the population and resulting in negative socio-economic impacts. In this context, the assessment of tourist carrying capacity aims to support beach management from a social, environmental, and economic perspective. The objective of this study was to estimate the tourist carrying capacity at nine beaches in the states of Rio de Janeiro (RJ) and Espírito Santo (ES), southeastern Brazil. The physical carrying capacity was calculated based on the available space for recreation in scenarios of one user per 5 m2 and 10 m2. Subsequently, limiting environmental factors for recreational use such as sunlight, precipitation, strong winds, tidal range, and temperature were considered, supporting the calculation of the tourist carrying capacity. For the calculation, management conditions (infrastructure and services) were estimated based on the scoring of 69 indicators, included in the international beach quality program called Blue Flag and in the main instrument for coastal management in Brazil, the Orla Project. At RJ beaches, the carrying capacity was not exceeded in the scenario of one user per 10 m2, except in the central region with a higher tourist appeal. In ES state, the results indicated overload for all beaches in the central southern region; for example, one received six times more users than its tourist capacity. Overall, the highest percentages of management capacity were recorded at beaches with Blue Flag certification. The beaches that require the most improvements in coastal management are those located in regions with lower Human Development Index (HDI) and farther from major urban centers. The results suggest priority management actions and guide efforts towards potential beach certification. The management of services, infrastructure, and overload highlights the need for preventive measures to avoid the tourism paradox, including loss of environmental quality and revenue. Moreover, the flexibility of this evaluation tool allows for its application in beaches of any country. The integration of tourist carrying capacity and assessment of the coastal scenario provides a more comprehensive and effective framework for the sustainable management of beaches.

Evaluation of the load carrying capacity of cold formed steel stiffened web section

Evaluation of the load carrying capacity of cold formed steel stiffened web section

Applying the projection pursuit and DPSIR model for evaluation of ecological carrying capacity in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, China.

The ecological carrying capacity (ECC) of Inner Mongolia is the foundation of its sustainable development. As a result, a comprehensive investigation of Inner Mongolia's ECC and its influencing factors is critical for promoting regional sustainable development. However, an ECC evaluation index system for the ecological environment and economic development features of Inner Mongolia has not yet been developed. In addition, as ECC attributes rise, traditional methods become ineffective at extracting the structural characteristics of high-dimensional data, leading to an incomplete evaluation. In view of this, based on the driver-pressure-state-impact-response (DPSIR) framework, we developed an ECC evaluation index system that takes into account the ecological environment and economic development features of Inner Mongolia. The projection pursuit model based on real coded accelerating genetic algorithm (RAGA-PP), which can analyze high-dimensional data, was applied to achieve ECC comprehensive assessment in Inner Mongolia. Finally, the analysis of the ECC obstacle factors in the study area was conducted. The findings reveal that (1) from 2000 to 2020, there was an average increase of 28.4% in the ECC for all of Inner Mongolia cities. The spatial divergence feature is obvious, and the northeastern cities' ECC is higher than the southwestern. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the value of the drive, pressure, and state subsystems primarily shows fluctuation. The impact and response subsystems both exhibit an increase, while the response subsystem's characteristic values are lower. (3) The obstacle degree of driving force subsystem is significant and ranges from 17.6 to 33.9% between 2000 and 2020. Main obstacles to ECC are the average annual temperature, the disposable income of farmers and herdsmen, the urban registered unemployment rate, and the seeded area per capita. The findings of the research can provide useful guidance to developing efficient policies that take into account the various ECC in different cities in order to improve ECC performance throughout Inner Mongolia.

Study on Spatial-Temporal Differentiation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Evaluation in Liaoning Province

Study on Spatial-Temporal Differentiation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity Evaluation in Liaoning Province

A Study on Resource Carrying Capacity and Early Warning of Urban Agglomerations of the Yellow River Basin Based on Sustainable Development Goals, China

The Yellow River Basin is an essential ecological barrier in China, but it is relatively underdeveloped. The human–land relationship needs to be coordinated, and the ecological environment is fragile, which seriously restricts the sustainable development of the urban agglomeration in the Yellow River Basin. In this study, a “five-dimensional integrated” comprehensive carrying capacity evaluation model is constructed using the five dimensions of water, land, ecology, monitoring, and early warning to evaluate its resource carrying capacity quantitatively. It constructs an early warning system of the resource carrying capacity based on the quantitative evaluation results and monitors the state of the resource carrying capacity. The results show that (1) seven major urban agglomerations’ populations, grain productions, and land are surplus, and 50.85% of prefecture-level cities have food surpluses regarding human–food relationships. (2) There are shortages in the urban agglomeration’s water resources and a deficit in the water resource carrying capacity. (3) The average ecological carrying capacity index is 0.519, indicating a state of ecological affluence. (4) The comprehensive resource carrying capacity is defined as level-three heavy-load conditions, while 67%, 22%, and 14% of cities have level-one, -two, and -three heavy-load conditions, respectively. This study can aid in the monitoring of the resource carrying status of the Yellow River Basin. These results provide a scientific basis for effectively restraining the utilization and development of natural resources in the Yellow River Basin. It can also provide a research paradigm for the world’s river basins, as well as the sustainable development of man and nature in the world.

Research on Tourism Environment Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Tourism Demonstration Area Based on Objective Optimization Method in the Perspective of Territorial Tourism

Abstract Based on the analysis of the influence of core subjects on the carrying capacity of the tourism environment, this paper constructs the “PSR” mechanism and builds the urban tourism environmental carrying capacity index system from three perspectives of natural, economic and social components of the tourism environmental system. The article researches the tourism environmental carrying capacity from three perspectives: economic benefit, social benefit, and environmental benefit, and constructs the objective function from three perspectives: maximizing the average tourism economic income, minimizing the emission of pollutants, and maximizing the number of accommodated subjects. Taking the state of the tourism environmental carrying capacity index as the constraint, the multi-objective optimization model of tourism environmental carrying capacity is constructed, and the optimization model is simulated and solved with the help of NSGA-II to provide a reference for the choice of decision-makers scheme. According to the evaluation of the tourism environment carrying capacity by the formula, the tourism environment carrying capacity coefficient increased from 0.1118 in 2012 to 0.8434 in 2021. The natural tourism environment carrying capacity coefficient increased from 0.2686 to 0.7893, the economic tourism environment carrying capacity coefficient increased from 0.064 to 0.8183, and the social tourism environment carrying capacity coefficient increased from 0.0925 to 0.9248. The evaluation and optimization of tourism environment carrying capacity conducted in this paper are of practical research value for guiding the sustainable development of tourism destinations.

A time-coupling consideration for evaluation of load carrying capacity in district multi-energy systems

This paper proposes a systematic approach to evaluate the load carrying capability of a district multi-energy system (MES) using the Energy Hub (EH) modeling approach. The EH approach is used to model the system, and the EH steady-state security region concept is introduced as a means of assessing the system's load carrying capacity. To calculate the security region, a multi-parametric programming (MPP) algorithm is proposed, while a standardized matrix modeling approach is utilized to formulate its mathematical representation. To handle the high-dimensional polytope resulting from time coupling, a strategy is employed to approximate the original polytope using a reduced number of lower-dimensional polytopes. These lower-dimensional polytopes are specifically associated with a limited number of time periods, thereby alleviating the computational complexity. The proposed method offers an improved balance between computational accuracy and efficiency compared to existing approaches, while retaining the inherent time coupling characteristics across different period combinations.

Evaluation of environmental carrying capacity based on land capability for agriculture development in the Melolo Transmigration Area, East Sumba

One way to do equitable development is to grow activity centers in an area. Transmigration is one of the government programs implemented to foster new activity centers in less developed areas. At present, Development Area Unit B of the Melolo Transmigration Area is a development priority to grow the area in the central part of East Sumba. The construction of transmigration settlements has been carried out since 2010 for settlement and agriculture, so it is necessary to evaluate the environmental carrying capacity to determine the suitability of land cover and land use to land capability. The method used is to compare land capability with land cover and land use and then assess its suitability. Based on the results of the analysis it is known that land capability in Development Area Unit B Melolo Transmigration Area is divided into four land capability classes, namely land capability classes I, II, III, and IV. Comparison of land capability with land cover and land use are included in the suitable criteria of 72.60 %, conditionally suitable at 23.11 %, and not suitable at 4.30 %. These results indicate that the environmental carrying capacity has not exceeded the threshold and requires conservation measures for agricultural development.

Evaluation of Urban Resource Environmental Carrying Capacity and Land Spatial Development Suitability in a Semiarid Area of the Yellow River Basin

At present, the carrying capacity of resources and the environment in some areas has reached an upper limit, and the problems of ecological destruction and environmental pollution have become increasingly prominent. The overexploitation and disorderly development of land space, resulting in the spatial imbalance between the population economy and the resource environment, is one of the root causes of excessive resource consumption, ecological degradation, and environmental pollution. Resource and environmental carrying capacity and suitability evaluation of land space development is the basis of land space planning. It provides conditions for the modernization of land space governance. The framework provided by the “ Double Evaluation Guide (Trial) “ is universal. It is necessary to adapt it to local conditions and to achieve the ” Double Evalution” results, according to the characteristics of regional development. Taking Hohhot as the research area, which is based on the “Guide”, involves selecting convincing and credible evaluation factors and using the single factor integration method and the discriminant matrix method. The “double evaluation” of Hohhot was also analyzed. This provides basic data for regional high-quality development and land space planning. The results show the following: (1) The ecological function of Hohhot is good. The areas with low importance for ecological protection accounted for about 18%, the areas with medium ecological protection accounted for about 62%, and the areas with high ecological protection accounted for about 21%. (2) The carrying capacity of agricultural function in Hohhot is medium. The carrying capacity of the low polar region accounted for about 23%, the medium polar region’s carrying capacity accounted for about 71%, and the high polar region’s carrying capacity accounted for about 6%. (3) The urban function carrying capacity of Hohhot is medium. The carrying capacity of the low-grade area accounted for about 25%, the medium-grade area’s carrying capacity accounted for about 55%, and the high-grade area’s carrying capacity accounted for about 21%. (4) The overall agricultural production suitability grade of Hohhot is not suitable. (5) The suitability of urban construction in Hohhot is general. The unsuitable area accounts for about 40%, the more suitable area accounts for about 45%, and the most suitable area accounts for about 15%.

Evaluation and analysis of tourism resources and environmental carrying capacity (TRECC) of 278 cities in China: A pressure-support perspective

Sustainable development has emerged as a fundamental objective in contemporary tourism decision-making. The evaluation and analysis of tourism resources and environmental carrying capacity (TRECC) play a crucial role in comprehending and mitigating the conflict between the preservation and utilization of tourism resources and environment, thereby ensuring sustainable tourism development. This study constructs a conceptual framework and an evaluation index system for TRECC from a pressure-support perspective. It quantifies and evaluates the TRECC of 278 Chinese cities, evaluating and analyzing their overall performance, restricting factors, spatial distribution, and common characteristics. The study reveals the following: (1) The majority of cities are in a high-value surplus state, while only a few cities are in a low-value surplus state. Only Shanghai, Shenzhen, Chongqing, Wuhan, Suzhou, and Dongguan are in a low-value overload state, with Shanghai showing a tendency to transition into the high-value overload state, necessitating heightened monitoring and early warning systems. (2) Scenic spot abundance, natural environment, industry support, tourist scale, and air pollution are the main factors restricting TRECC for most cities. (3) An imbalance is observed in the spatial distribution of TRECC, with the support index high in the southeast and low in the northwest, and the pressure index and TRECC index high in the east and low in the west, or high in the coast and low in the interior. The core cities of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei urban agglomeration, Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration and Pearl River Delta urban agglomeration are hotspots where high values of TRECC are significantly clustered. (4) Based on TRECC characteristics, cities can be classified into eight types: mega tourism cities, super tourism cities, large tourism cities, southern tourism cities, northwestern tourism cities, tourist-barrier cities, non-tourism-oriented cities, and industrial tourism cities. With these results, policy implications to optimize TRECC are provided, producing an effective reference for formulating tourism development planning.

Bridge Evaluation Based on Identified Influence Lines and Influence Surfaces: Multiple-Scenario Application

Bridge influence lines (BILs) and bridge influence surfaces (BISs) are inherent static parameters of bridges which can be extracted from moving vehicle-induced bridge responses. Compared with dynamic parameters, these parameters are directly related to the stiffness and internal forces in each cross-section of a bridge therefore can be considered as an effective bridge metamodel. To accelerate the engineering practice of BIL- and BIS-based bridge evaluation, this paper first briefly reviews the current BIL and BIS field test and identification methods. Then, the bridge evaluation guidelines of China and the United States are introduced as the basis of the evaluation methods. Engineering application scenarios for bridge evaluation, including permit load verification, performance degradation checking, and load carrying capacity evaluation, are summarized, and a multiple-scenario bridge evaluation method is established. At the end of this paper, an evaluation example of a four-span continuous bridge is presented to illustrate the application procedure and verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. The outcomes of this paper provide a promising application method of field test BILs and BISs, which may help bridge engineers more effectively use these parameters in engineering practice.

Research on a Space-Time Continuous Sensing System for Overburden Deformation and Failure during Coal Mining.

Underground coal mining can cause the deformation, failure, and collapse of the overlying rock mass of a coal seam. If the mining design, monitoring, early warning, or emergency disposal are improper, in that case, it can often lead to mining disasters such as roof falls, water inrush, surface collapse, and ground fissures, seriously threatening the safety of mine engineering and the geological environment protection in mining areas. To ensure the intrinsic security of the entire coal mining process, aspace-time continuous sensing system of overburden deformation and failure was developed, which breaks through the limitations of traditional monitoring methods that characterize the evolution process of overlying rock deformation and ground subsidence. This paper summarizes the classification of typical overburden deformation and failure modes. It researches the space-time continuous sensing of rock-soil mass above the coal seam based on Distributed Fiber Optic Sensing (DFOS). A multi-range strain optical fiber sensing neural series from micron to meter was developed to achieve synchronous sensing of overburden separation, internal micro-cracks, and large rock mass deformation. The sensing cable-rock mass coupling test verified the reliability of the optical fiber monitoring data. The sensing neural network of overburden deformation was constructed using integrated optical fiber layout technology on the ground and underground. Different sensing nerves' performance and application effects in overburden deformation and failure monitoring were compared and analyzed with field monitoring examples. A physical model was used to carry out the experimental study on the overburden subsidence prediction during coal mining. The results showed that the optical fiber monitoring data were reliable and could be used to predict overburden subsidence. The reliability of the calculation model for overlying rock subsidence based on space-time continuous optical fiber sensing data was verified in the application of mining subsidence evaluation. A systematic review of the shortcomings of current overburden deformation observation technology during coal mining was conducted, and a space-time continuous sensing system for overburden deformation and failure was proposed. This system integrated sensing, transmission, processing, early warning, decision-making, and emergency response. Based on the fusion of multi-parameter sensing, multi-method transmission, multi-algorithm processing, and multi-threshold early warning, the system realized the real-time acquisition of space-time continuous information for the overburden above coal seams. This system utilizes long-term historical monitoring data from the research area for data mining and modeling, realizing the prediction and evaluation of the evolution process of overburden deformation as well as the potential for mining subsidence. This work provides a theoretical reference for the prevention and control of mining disasters and the environmental carrying capacity evaluation of coal development.