Evaluation Of Carrying Capacity Research Articles

Comprehensive numerical approaches for the design and safety assessment of masonry buildings retrofitted with steel bands in developing countries: The case of India

Three alternative numerical strategies ready-to-use by a common practitioner and directly implementable in commercial codes are critically compared in the prediction of the non-linear behavior of a small masonry building prototype, with an estimation of the efficiency of masonry retrofitting by means of traditional strengthening with steel bands.The aim of the approach proposed is to put at disposal to practitioners working in developing countries, simple but effective numerical instruments to have a reliable evaluation of the load carrying capacity of existing buildings and to propose the most suitable strengthening intervention, with a quantitative indication of the vulnerability reduction.

Evaluation of Ecological Carrying Capacity in Beijing Mountainous Valley Areas – A Case Study of Lihuagou Valley Region

On the basis of the ecological carrying capacity connotation and to realize the coordinated development of economics and environment in Beijing mountainous valley areas, ecological carrying capacity evaluation was discussed in order to promote corresponding advice. The comprehensive evaluation index system was built which included ecosystem elasticity level，bearing capacity index and stress index of ecotourism. The comprehensive evaluation method was constructed. The score of ecosystem resilience of Lihuagou valley region in 2012 was 78.2, which was more stable. The score of carrying capacity of resource and environment was 71.2 which reached heavy level. The score of carrying capacity pressure was 53.3 which attained medium pressure. The score of carrying capacity system was 76.3 which was the second level. At last, this study promoted several corresponding advice.

Novel shear capacity testing of ASR damaged full scale concrete bridge

A large number of concrete bridges in Denmark have to undergo wide-ranging maintenance work to prevent deterioration due to aggressive Alkali Silica Reaction (ASR). This destructive mechanism results in extensive cracking which is believed to affect the load carrying capacity of the structure. However, sufficient knowledge concerning how it influences the structures load carrying capacity and stiffness is still lacking. In particular, more knowledge concerning the shear capacity of concrete slabs without reinforcement is needed. Often ASR deterioration result in demolition of the affected concrete bridges with considerable economical expenses as a consequence. A novel ASR test and measurement method, which can be used to perform shear testing locally on concrete bridges, is presented in this paper. Shear capacity testing is performed on a three span concrete bridge and several material test samples were taken from the test areas on the bridge deck. In addition, the test method is used to directly predict the shear capacity without disturbing the traffic significantly. Verification of the load carrying capacity of the bridge was the ultimate goal of the tests. A test rig, which could easily be moved between the slab test specimens, was constructed and the test areas were made in a way which enabled simple repair of the damaged areas after testing. In general, the novel test method worked very well since it provided an on site test method, which efficiently provides an evaluation of the load carrying capacity of the tested bridge. In addition, testing and monitoring provided important information concerning the shear behaviour of ASR deteriorated concrete. The results provided sufficient information to conclude that demolition of the bridge was not necessary and consequently significant savings related to the rehabilitation costs were obtained.

Application of Fuzzy Pattern Recognition Model on the Regional Water Resources Carrying Capacity Evaluation

This article analyses the connotations of water resources carrying capacity and its evaluation method, Selecting 9 main factors as the evaluation indexes, combined with fuzzy pattern recognition model and apply this model to comprehensive evaluation of water resources in Erdos. The results show that current exploitation and utilization of water resources in this region has reached a considerable size, under the current economic and technical conditions, the bearing capacity of water resources in this region has been relatively small, water resources supply-demand contradiction is so urgent.

Research on Carrying Capacity Evaluation of some Reinforced Concrete Bridge under the Special Type Load

With the development of social economy, the traffic burden is increasing, and many bridges appear damage at different degree because they have been overloaded. There are many special type loads beyond specification range in the overloaded vehicles, however the carrying capacity evaluation of the bridge under the special type load is different from the conventional methods. Take the reinforced concrete bridge built in the 90's of the 20th century for example, this paper analyses and discusses the existing carrying capacity evaluation method of the bridge when the special type load beyond the design standards drives on the bridge, as well as the whole process of analysis, loading, and the results analysis of the loading test in detail. Finally, the results of the study have a high guiding significance to the similar work.

Empirical Research on Ecological Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Agricultural Industrialization Leading Enterprises

According to the connotation of agricultural industrialization leading enterprises in the ecological carrying capacity and characteristics of the hierarchy, the elastic force from ecosystem, resources and environment carrying capacity and ecosystem stress three aspects carries on the quantitative research method is proposed. In quantitative research results for instance agricultural industrialization leading enterprises bearing capacity based on the analysis of the data fitting, the study of agricultural industrialization leading enterprises of the ecological carrying situation and development trend are discussed.

Exploring Urban Land Carrying Capacity under the Requirement of Ecological Civilization in China

Chinese government has proposed the ecological civilization and requires integrate this issue into land use strategies. So the historical evolution of the land carrying capacity evaluation was first analyzed in this paper. "Population-based" and "industry-oriented" methods were then discussed. Based on this, ecological civilization-related urban land carrying capacity evaluation method is elaborated in this paper. Taking Tianjin Binhai New Area as an example, a preliminary exploration was conducted. The analysis of case studies shows it is practical to carry out the ecological civilization-related method.

Study about the Evaluation of Ecological Carrying Capacity in Beijing Mountainous Valley Areas - A Case Study of Puwa Valley Region

On the basis of the ecological carrying capacity connotation and to realize the coordinated development of economics and environment in Beijing mountainous valley areas, ecological carrying capacity evaluation was discussed in order to promote corresponding advices. The comprehensive evaluation index system was built which included ecosystem elasticity level,bearing capacity index and stress index of ecotourism. The comprehensive evaluation method was constructed. The score of ecosystem resilience of Puwa valley region in 2012 was 74.6, which was more stable. The score of carrying capacity of resource and environment was 49.3 which reached medium level. The score of carrying capacity pressure was 84.2 which attained huge pressure. The score of carrying capacity system was 67.0 which was the second level. At last, this study promoted several corresponding advices.

Landscape-Ecological Interpretation and Applications of Landscape Survey Results for Optimal Land Use

AbstractLandscape-ecological multidisciplinary approach is turning out to be the only suitable solution for the problem of land-use optimisation. The article puts forward a landscape-ecological methodology of landscape-ecological carrying capacity (LCC) evaluation and accounts for its interconnection with sectoral surveys. Primarily it is an interpretation of survey results of the forest ecology in forestry and the complex soil survey in agriculture within the methods of LCC. By application of the results, the process of LCC evaluation will be accelerated and remedial measures will be provided more efficiently. The result of an application of the methodics will be suitable land use in conformity to landscape potential, while landscape-ecological limits are respected. The article calls attention to the fact that LCC methods should be considered within the planning of land use of forest and agricultural landscape on the basis of the entire gravitational unit - watershed.

The construction and application of a carrying capacity evaluation model in a national park

This work applies ecological footprint analysis to establish the framework of a carrying capacity model for a national park. The model estimates changes in ecological footprint and biocapacity indicators for Taroko National Park (Taiwan) from 2002 to 2011. The findings indicate that: (1) In the past 10 years, the biocapacity status of Taroko National Park has remained within the environmental capacity; however, the per-capita ecological reserve decreased by 73.38 % between 2002 and 2011, from 0.085010 global hectares to 0.022633 global hectares. Evaluation of the ecological footprint intensity index reveals that the park has maintained a level 1 status, the highest ecological security level; (2) Linear estimation undertaken in the study predicts that when the ecological footprint intensity index reaches 0.5—when the ecological security level falls from level 1 (good) to level 2 (fair)—the critical tourist-carrying capacity would be 3,380,351 visitors per year, or 1.18 times the number of tourists in 2011. Furthermore, when the ecological footprint intensity index reaches 0.8—when the ecological security falls to level 3 (poor)—the critical tourist-carrying capacity would be 5,408,561 visitors per year, or 1.88 times the number of tourists in 2011. This work adopted the ecological footprint method and the threshold ecological footprint intensity index value to estimate the critical number of tourists for the sustainable biocapacity of Taroko National Park. The results are intended to serve as a reference for national park administrators to develop policies on tourist carrying capacity.

Development tendency analysis and evaluation of the water ecological carrying capacity in the Siping area of Jilin Province in China based on system dynamics and analytic hierarchy process

In this study, system dynamics (SD) and analytic hierarchy process (AHP) were combined to establish an evaluation index system and a system dynamics simulation model for the regional water ecological carrying capacity (WECC). Six proposed planning schemes were used to address the existing water ecological environment problems in the Siping area of Jilin Province, China. The development trends in the WECC during the years 2008–2020 were simulated and evaluated under different planning schemes. The results showed that the water ecological environment in the Siping area would develop into a “poor carrying” state in 2020 with a WECC index of 0.1819 if current social development modes remain unchanged. However, a “good carrying” state with a corresponding WECC index of 0.6652 could be achieved in 2020 if the 5th scheme is applied, which is an integrated planning scheme that combines changes in water-saving, pollution control, water resource exploitation and economic development. The results of this study could provide a scientific basis for the coordinated development of the social economy and the water eco-environment in the Siping area.

An Improved Index System of Regional Water Ecological Carrying Capacity Evaluation: A Case Study of Tieling City, China

This paper presents an improved Water Ecological Carrying Capacity (WECC) evaluation index system based on Pressure-Support Force-State (PSS) Index Framework. This index system can reflect the internal relationships of WECC, highlight the direct WECC impact factors, and to some extent avoid the past problems of selecting similar indicators and poor correlation indicators with WECC using former index systems. The WECC evaluation of Tieling City is processed under PSS index system. The evaluation results show that the average value of WECC is 0.59 from 2005 to 2010. It is concluded that this city is under a weak carrying level and generally in accordance with the real situation.

Study on the Economic Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Chinese Coal Resource

By choosing economic carrying capacity of coal resource as an evaluation index and the economic carrying capacity evaluation models, the paper conducts empirical analysis for economic carrying capacity of Chinese coal resources. The results indicate the economic carrying capacity evaluation of coal resource in China is very low and the economic carrying time is a little shorter and China is also in ecological deficit in this period.

In Huhhot Water Resources Carrying Capacity Evaluation Synthetically

Water resources, as a strategic resource, affect greatly ecological safety and sustainable development in a region. Based on meaning of Water resources carrying capacity, author selected three categories including of nine indexes and constituted index system. Huhhot, the capital of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,water resources carrying capacity was analyzed in Principle Component Analysis. The results show that exploitative and using capacity of water resources from high to low in Huhhot is city area, Wuchuan county, Tuketuo county, Qingshuihe county, Helingeer county, and Tumotezuo banner. Although the city region in the six areas is highest on the exploitative and using capacity of water resources, its potential capacity in city region is lower than its counties around. Tumotezuo banner of the six areas is highest in potential carrying capacity.The contradiction of the city area between supplement and demand is bigger than that of its counties around.The key to improve carrying capacity of water resources is to reform the using model of water resources in city area.

Reliability-based evaluation of load carrying capacity for a composite box girder bridge

The load carrying capacity of a composite open-top steel box girder bridge was evaluated, based on a reliability-based method, and potential differences from conventional approaches were evaluated. A practical analysis model was utilized in evaluating the Rating Factor (RF) after verification with a rigorous full finite element analysis model with solid and plate elements. The accuracy of the analysis models was validated in terms of displacements and distribution factors through static loading tests. Dynamic effects were also estimated from the dynamic loading tests. The load factors, proposed for the purpose of evaluation based on recently accumulated statistical data, were utilized in evaluating RF. The RFs were evaluated for maximum positive flexure, negative flexure, and shear regions along the bridge. The calculated RF with the load factors for evaluation purposes was higher by 35% than that with design load factors. The proposed method also produces a 29% increase in RF compared to the conventional allowable stress design approach. Consequently, the proposed reliability-based procedure would be expected to permit a more economical assessment of bridge performance to be made.

Analysis and Evaluation of the Ecological Carrying Capacity of Liaoning Two Urban Agglomerations Based on State Space Method

Ecological carrying capacity is a comprehensive carrying capacity，which is based on the single factor carrying capacity study of resources carrying capacity and environmental carrying capacity, reflecting the harmonious，interactive and symbiotic relationship between man and the ecosystem. In view of social, economic, environmental factors, this paper constructs ecological carrying capacity evaluation index system of urban agglomeration in Liaoning Province , using state space method to estimate and compare with the two urban agglomerations .

탄성지점의 적용에 따른 교량의 내하력평가

본 연구에서는 재하시험에 의하여 얻어지는 측정데이터를 적극적으로 활용하고 다양한 방법을 통하여 내하력을 평가하기 위하여 탄성지점을 적용하였다. 스프링력에 의한 구조해석의 적정성을 확인하고 실험결과의 신뢰도를 향상시키기 위하여 내민보로 제작한 탄성빔을 대상으로 처짐시험을 실시하였으며 이를 토대로 공용중인 교량의 내하력 평가 방법의 개선을 위하여 실제 공용중인 교량에 대한 정밀안전진단을 통한 검증을 실시하였다. 휨시험 결과 기존방법에 의하여 계산된 처짐보다 탄성지점을 적용하여 구한 처짐이 실측한 처짐과 근접한 것으로 나타났다. 준공 직후 초기점검 대상인 3경간 연속 강박스형교에 대한 내하력을 평가한 결과 탄성지점에 의한 내하력이 기존의 방법에 의한 내하력보다 최대 9.7% 작게 평가되었다. 본 연구는 기존 방법에 따라 교량의 내하력을 평가할 경우 응력보정계수의 적용과 같이 지침에 명확하게 제시되지 않은 부분으로 인하여 공학자에 따라 내하력이 상이하게 평가되는 경우가 빈번하므로 이에 대한 연구가 더욱 활발해 져야 한다는 취지에서 수행하였다. This study applied elastic supports in order to evaluate load carrying capacity using measurement data obtained from load tests actively and utilizing various evaluation methods. In order to confirm the adequacy of structural analysis based on elastic supports and to improve the reliability of experiment results, we conducted a deflection test with flexural beams prepared as overhanging beams and, based on the results, performed precision safety diagnosis for real bridges under public service for improving the load carrying capacity evaluation method for bridges under public service. In the results of the bending test, compared to deflection calculated by the existing method, deflection obtained by applying elastic supports was closer to the actually measured deflection. In the results of evaluating load carrying capacity for a 3 span continuous steel box girder bridge just after its completion, load carrying capacity by elastic supports was smaller by up to 39% than that by the existing method. When the load carrying capacity of bridges is evaluated by the existing method the results vary among engineers due to lack of guidelines for evaluation such as the application of stress modification factor. This study was conducted as an effort to solve this problem through active research.

Study on City��s Comprehensive Carrying Capacity Evaluation based on Correlation Matrix Factor Analysis

Study on City��s Comprehensive Carrying Capacity Evaluation based on Correlation Matrix Factor Analysis

Experimental investigation and nonlinear FE analysis of historical masonry buildings – A case study

A comprehensive investigation into the seismic behaviour of a masonry vault belonging to an historical building located in the city of Yazd, was performed. Evaluation of load carrying capacity of this type of structures usually needs to characterize the mechanical properties of the elements. For this reason, at first, the mechanical properties of constitutive materials including, bricks, adobes, mortars, pier elements of adobe and a vault element of brick were determined using standard experimental tests. The specimens, as far as possible, were obtained from the original case study materials. Experimental investigation on the properties of pier and vault elements made of adobe and brick, respectively, was conducted using the concept of homogenization. The outcomes provided a comparative study on the characteristics of historical building materials. The results of samples tested, reconfirmed the very low tensile bond strength to be expected of masonry elements, emphasizing the inability of these types of materials to resist a tensile force. Finally, the mechanical properties of pier and vault testing samples were implemented in a nonlinear finite element (FE) analysis of the building, under lateral loading, through macro-modelling concepts. The results have provided a basic understanding of the lateral performance and failure mode of unreinforced historical buildings.

Environment Carrying Capacity Evaluation of Coal Mining in Shanxi Province

China will meet an increasing demand of the energy because of the growth of the economy, coal is being mined largely as the most important energy, but the mining brought in a series of construction of ecological environment problems. This paper established a comprehensive evaluation model for environmental impact of coal mining through three aspects of ecological stability, resource and environment carrying capacity, coal mining pressure with analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Based on this model, authors have evaluated the regional difference of ecological environment carrying capacity of coal mining areas in Shanxi province. The study results may be helpful to scientifically draw up the coal resources development strategy.