Carpet Production Research Articles

Implementation Of The Activity Based Management Method For Cost Efficiency After The Covid 19 Pamdemi At CV. Natural Palembang

This study aims to calculate the cost efficiency of carpet production from abaca fiber using the Activity Based Management method and whether the Activity Based Management method used can reduce non-value added costs. This study used qualitative analysis techniques. The types of data used were primary and secondary data. From the analysis conducted at CV Natural Palembang, there were 7 activities which were value-added activities. Weighing, placing the ataka banana fiber in the place where the abaca fiber is separated, removing the colored abaca fiber on the clothesline, selecting the size of the carpet that has been made, checking the quality of the finished goods, sending and storing the finished goods to the warehouse. cost efficiency of 12.2%, CV Natural Palembang has not implemented the demity Based Management (ABM) method in the production process and calculating the costs of its production activities. Companies should apply the Activity Based Management (ABM) method in the production process and calculate the cost of production activities.

Meat Performance of Sheep Balbas Breeds in the Southeastern Part of Azerbaijan

In the Republic of Azerbaijan and, in particular, in the Nakhichevan Autonomous Republic, a transhumance system for keeping sheep has long been adopted, which requires animals with a strong constitution, hardy and well adapted to local climatic conditions. These requirements are best met by the local meat-wool-milk fat-tailed Balbas sheep breed, which produces high-quality white wool for carpet production, lamb with excellent taste, milk and sheepskins. But the quality of meat products from these animals has not yet been sufficiently studied. Based on this, the following tasks were set; obtaining offspring from females of the Balbas breed of the local population and local rams of the same breed; studying the meat productivity and quality of these types of products in offspring, studying the economic efficiency of slaughtering offspring at different age periods. In the process of work, the chemical composition and energy value of the meat was determined, and by looking at the longissimus dorsi muscle, its chemical composition, energy and biological value were determined. The study of the slaughter qualities of animals, determination of the chemical composition, energy and biological value of meat was carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of VIZH. In conclusion, the authors concluded that the meat productivity of sheep is quite high. Control slaughters carried out over many years have shown that their slaughter yield under normal economic conditions is on average 46-52%. Sheep of this breed have stable heredity and well pass on their valuable biological and economically useful qualities to their offspring, both when bred pure and when crossing crosses. The greatest economic efficiency was obtained when selling 8-month-old balbas rams.

A STUDY ON PERFORMANCE OF POLYPROPYLENE CARPETS PRODUCED WITH DIFFERENT FILAMENT FINENESS AND SLIP ADDITIVE RATIOS UNDER STATIC LOADING

Polypropylene, which is one of the most used polymers in machine carpet production as pile yarn, has some disadvantages need to be developed, such as lower resilience, flattening, matting etc. For this reason, there are so many studies in order to improve the inferior properties of polypropylene in carpet industry. In this study, eight carpet samples were produced by polypropylene BCF yarns with two filament fineness (3.7 and 9.5 dpf) and four ratios of slip additive (0 wt%, 0.5 wt%, 1 wt%, 2 wt%). In order to determine the effects of different filament fineness and additive percentage on thickness loss and resilience, carpet samples were exposed to short-term static loading test. According to the results, samples with 9.5 dpf filament fineness had lower thickness loss values compared to those of samples with 3.7 dpf filament fineness. Besides, the resilience behaviours of samples with 9.5 dpf filament fineness were also obtained to be better than samples with 3.7 dpf filament fineness. In consideration with slip additive percentages, although a trend was not observed between the increased additive ratio and mechanical responses of carpets, a difference was obtained between pure and 2 wt% additive blended samples. The blended samples with 2 wt% additive had shown lower thickness loss and higher resilience compared to neat samples.

Clean production of handmade carpets: toward the red color gamut

Clean production of handmade carpets: toward the red color gamut

Digitalization assessment features in the carpet industry of Kazakhstan

Object: Analysis of the digitalization assessment methods which can be used to evaluate the carpet industry of Kazakhstan. In turn such analysis requires to consider the modern trends in digitalization and global digitalization.Methods: Authors examine the social and economic aspects of the digital transformation of the carpet industry in Kazakhstan, associated primarily with the preparation, development and effective use of innovative human capital as a key factor to improve financial strength of an enterprise.Findings: Carpet industry has unique characteristics compared to other industries, mainly due to the quick changes in trends in the taste of the consumers and fast return of the investments. Digitalization of the carpet industry needs to be complex and cover all aspects in business cycle.Conclusions: Nowadays, digital transformation is becoming a crucial tool for improving the quality and financial return of the carpet production. Current methods of evaluating the digitalization became ineffective, as it covers only technical aspects. Thus, digitalization needs to cover all aspects in the business cycle. In turn, such a complex method, allows to improve financial performance and labor productivity of a carpet producing enterprise

Value chain analysis of jute fiber in Bangladesh

Jute often referred to as Bangladesh's “golden fiber” offers numerous environmental advantages along with significant industrial and economic importance. It is a crucial source of export earnings for Bangladesh. Beyond its use in house decoration materials, jute is employed in the production of twine, mats, carpets, sacks, and hessian clothing, among other products. This study aimed to assess the value chain of jute fiber in Bangladesh. Primary data were collected from 90 jute farmers and 233 chain participants across different stages of the value chain selected through simple random and purposive sampling, respectively, in 2019. Mapping strategies and marketing margins were employed to analyse the value addition of each actor. The benefit-cost ratio of 1.44 demonstrates the profitability of jute cultivation. The study identified that the highest share of the total value addition by farmers was 52.80% through the ‘Farmer-Faria-Kutcha Baler-Mill’ channel in Faridpur district, 59.66% through the ‘Farmer-Faria-Aratdar-Mill’ channel in Rangpur district, 60.52% through the ‘Farmer-Faria-Aratdar-Mill’ channel in Dinajpur district, and 58.87% through the ‘Farmer-Faria-Aratdar-Mill’ channel in Kishoreganj district. Per quintal, gross and net marketing margins for farmers were Taka 569 and Taka 537, respectively. Pucca balers cum exporters accounted for the highest proportion of gross marketing margin (41.30%) and net marketing margin (44.34%), while Farias contributed the lowest share (6.77% and 3.63%). Finally, based on the research findings, several policy measures are recommended to revitalize this potential sector in Bangladesh.

Carpet Back Sizing Quality Assessment by Measuring the Amount of Resin Using Image Processing and Machine Learning Approaches

The mechanical properties of the carpet, such as dimensional stability, bending stiffness, handle and creeping on the surface during use, have a direct relationship with the amount of resin applied to the back of the carpet in the sizing process. In today’s factories, the optimal amount of resin and the mechanical quality of the carpet are controlled by the operator touching the carpet on the machine carpet finishing line or manually while rolling the carpet. Proposed in this paper is an automatic method based on the evaluation of the bending stiffness of the sized carpet that uses digital image processing and machine learning to measure the optimal amount of size concentration and control this index. For this purpose, during the final stage of carpet production, the carpet is folded in the middle, and two edges of the carpet are placed on top of each other. A side view image is then taken of the carpet. Using edge detection methods, the edges of the carpet are identified, and different features, such as the average, maximum and minimum statistics for the curve and contour angles, are then extracted. Different conventional machine learning approaches, such as KNN, CART and SVM, are applied. To evaluate the proposed method, a dataset containing 220 different images is used in a 10-fold cross-validation scheme. Different performance measures resulting from the evaluations demonstrate the effectiveness and applicability of the method.

GRAD PEĆ U PERIODU IZMEĐU DVA SVETSKA RATA

In the period between the two world wars, Peć was one of the few cities in Kosovo and Metohija (the others were Prizren, Priština and Kosovska Mitrovica). This city was a combination of modern and traditional, it had new, beautiful buildings but also classic minarets, ancient churches, the sevdah of Sarajevo and the Bey’s residences, towers like the castles of the counts, and streams ran through every courtyard in Peć. Muslims, who were the main bearers of the Turkish-Eastern culture, were of the greatest importance for the appearance of Peć, the way of life and work of the population. Later, the town began to be arranged under the influence of European culture. Peć was famous for goldsmithing, especially for the production of filigree works from gold and silver, the production of beautiful silk fabrics and carpets, which have been compared to Pirot carpets. Local merchants exported livestock, livestock products, and imported manufactured goods and colonial goods. The railroad was of inestimable economic importance. In my paper, I will review the history of the city of Peć in the period between the two world wars with the help of historical sources, literature and the press. For the history of the Serbs, the city of Peć is very important as the seat of patriarchs and medieval Serbian culture, a mirror of architectural art and the cradle of the Serbian empire.

Steps of conservatıon process ın weavıng

Carpets and plain woven fabrics, which are one of our tangible cultural heritages, are handcrafted intensively and each of them is a work of design and art in order to transfer our culture and traditions to future generations. It is necessary and very important to protect and preserve these works and to restore damaged ones so that they can be transferred to future generations. Although the production techniques and materials used in the production of carpets and plain weaves are different, their preservation and restoration are similar. Inthisstudy, the tools, equipment and process steps used in the storage and restoration of carpets and plain woven fabrics have been tried to be explained by description method, and suggestions have been tried to be made for correct storage and repair.

Sound Absorption of Tufted Carpets Produced from Coarse Wool of Mountain Sheep

ABSTRACT Coarse wool from Polish mountain sheep, often treated as a useless by-product of sheep husbandry, was used to produce pile carpets with tufting technique. Raw wool was used in the small-scale spinning mill to spin prototype rug yarns, which were then used for the production of carpets. The carpets with cut and loop piles of two different heights and densities were manufactured. During examinations, the basic parameters of raw wool, yarns, and tufted fabrics were determined. Then, the soundproofing properties of carpets were analyzed. To characterize the acoustic properties of the carpets, the sound absorption coefficient and transmission loss were measured. The measurements were carried out in one-third octave bands in the frequency range of 80–5000 Hz using the impedance tube method. It was stated that the wool of Polish mountain sheep is coarse, highly differentiated both in thickness and length and contains a significant content of medullated fibers and kemp. Despite its poor characteristics, the wool can be used for the production of rag yarns suitable for the production of pile carpets with tufting technique. The carpets possess acceptable sound absorbing capacity comparable to other similar products obtained from other wool types, which is dependent on both pile types and their parameters. The carpets exhibit low transmission loss, which is influenced, to a lesser extent, by the change in the parameters of the pile layer.

Incraesing the competitiveness of domestic products

In a market economy, one of the key categories is competitiveness. The efficiency of the functioning of the enterprise characterized by the level of competitiveness of the manufactured product. The opening of the Kazakh market to foreign companies has led to a revival of competition. At the same time, a significant part of the products of Kazakh enterprises turned out to be uncompetitive not only in the world, but also in the domestic market. Kazakhstan’s industrial policy today adheres to a non–alternative course towards the development of non–primary sectors of the economy that do not depend on the conditions of world markets [1]. In this regard, there is a need to develop conceptual frameworks for increasing the competitiveness of products of enterprises in the extractive industries. On the example of the light carpet industry the authors of this article studied the global trends in the production of carpets and determined the place of domestic carpet products in the world market. An analysis of the current state of the carpet sub–sector in the domestic market of the Republic of Kazakhstan was carried out. The purpose of the article is to improve the assessing methods for the carpet products competitiveness by using economic and mathematical modeling. The proposed model provides an integrated approach and helps to reduce the cost of carpet products and accordingly, to increase its competitiveness by reducing the costs of its production and marketing. In the research the methods of economic and mathematical modeling, statistical analysis, economic analysis and synthesis, etc. were used. The relevance of the topic of the research is determined by the fact that the development of recommendations to improve the competitiveness of carpet products in the domestic market will contribute to the economic growth of the industry, meeting the requirements of socio-economic development of the country.

Human factor analysis of error detection and correction in hand-knotted carpet production process

Purpose The paper aims to discuss error detection and correction in Kashmiri carpet weaving (KCW), mediated by cryptographic code, Talim which is held to guarantee accurate information transference from designing to weaving, even after hundred years. Yet, carpets often show errors on completion. Design/methodology/approach Human factors analysis revealed error emergence, detection and correction in this practice whose task domains are distributed over large geographies (from in-premises to several kilometers) and timescales (from days to decades). Using prospective observation method, production process of two research carpets from their design, coding and weaving was observed while noting the errors made, identified and corrected by actors in each phase. Findings The errors were found to emerge, identified and corrected during different phases of designing, coding and weaving while giving rise to fresh errors in each phase, due to actors’ normal work routines. Originality/value In view of this, usual branding of “weaver-error” behind flawed carpet turns out to be misplaced value judgment passed in hindsight.

Մ. Դ. ԻՍԱԵՎԻ «ԳՈՐԳԵՐԻ ԱՐՏԱԴՐՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ԱՅՍՐԿՈՎԿԱՍՈՒՄ» ԳԻՐՔԸ ԵՎ ԽՈՐՀՐԴԱՅԻՆ ԳՈՐԳԱՐՏԱԴՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ԶԱՐԳԱՑՄԱՆ ՍԿԻԶԲԸ ՀԱՅԱՍՏԱՆՈՒՄ / THE BOOK OF M. D. ISAEV "THE CARPET PRODUCTION OF THE TRANSCAUCASUS " AND THE BEGINNING OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SOVIET CARPET PRODUCTION IN ARMENIA

The book of M. Isaev ″The carpet production of the Transcaucasus″ (Исаев М., Ковровое производство Закавказья, Тифлис, 1932) reflects all the issues and tasks related to the development of the carpet production in the region. M. Isaev’s work can be attributed to the manuals concerning the development of that branch in the industry. The book is an important source of information for the study of the formation of the Soviet carpet industry. The work of M. Isaev was based on economic, ethnographic, cultural studies of various peoples of the Caucasus - Caspian region. M. Isaev's book contains interesting and important information about the economic, cultural and domestic conditions of various peoples and ethnic groups of the Caucasian - Caspian region. The data on economic, cultural - domestic differences between the indigenous population of the Transcaucasus (Armenians, Lezgins, Dargins, Avars, etc.) and the nomadic Turkic tribes of the Caucasian - Caspian region are important. Assessing the work of workers in the carpet industry, the author highly appreciates the contribution of Armenian specialists in the development of this industry. According to M. Isaev, Armenian workers were in the leading positions.

Bio-Innovative Pretreatment of Coarse Wool Fibers

From the textile manufacturers’ point of view, coarse and medullated fibers are undesirable in the production of fine woolen materials, but highly desirable in the production of textiles and yarns with special effects, especially in carpet production. For sustainability, the entire sheep fleece should be used, including the coarse and medullated fibers. The raw wool must be scoured to obtain clean wool fibers without damage or excessive fiber entanglement, with a certain moisture content, low dirt content and residual grease for further processing, and proper color. In order to remove the impurities in raw wool with maximum efficiency, save energy and minimize the environmental impact, this study investigated the changes in some fiber properties during the scouring process due to the effect of the enzyme complex on coarse wool fibers. The effects were studied through the amount of clean wool fibers and impurities within the fleece, the fiber diameter and color. Conventional and enzyme scoured coarse wool were bleached with an unconventional bleaching agent, percarbonate, and compared to bleaching with hydrogen peroxide to achieve higher whiteness and brilliant color with minimal fiber property changes. The changes after the bleaching process were determined based on the sorption of moisture and dyes and the color parameters. The bio-innovative pretreatment with enzyme complex scouring and percarbonate bleaching resulted in excellent fiber properties even for coarse wool. SEM analysis was performed to confirm these results. Taking into account the sustainability of the process and environmental protection, enzyme complex scouring and percarbonate bleaching are recommended as pretreatment processes for raw coarse wool.

Probabilistic human health risk assessment of 1,3-butadiene and styrene exposure using Monte Carlo simulation technique in the carpet production industry

Chemicals containing Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) are commonly used in the machine carpet production. 1,3-butadiene and styrene are main components of the carpenter’s glue used in carpet factories. Exposition to these chemicals can lead to a number of adverse health effects. This is the first study of the human health risk assessment due to inhalational exposure to 1,3-butadiene (BD) and styrene (ST) performed among workers in the carpet factories in Kashan city, Iran. The importance of the study was related with the fact of high popularity of carpet production in the South Asia countries. Inhalation exposure to BD and ST were measured based on the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) 1024 and 1501 methods, respectively. The cancerogenic risk (CR) and non-cancerogenic risk described as Hazard Quotient (HQ) values were calculated based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) method. The sensitivity and uncertainty analysis were performed by the Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) technique. The average concentration measured of BD and ST during work shifts of employees were 0.039 mg m−3 (0.017 ppm) and 12.108 mg m−3 (2.84 ppm), respectively. The mean ± SD value of estimated cancerogenic risk in inhalation exposure to BD and ST were equal to 5.13 × 10–3 ± 3.85 × 10–4 and 1.44 × 10–3 ± 2.36 × 10–4, respectively exceeding the acceptable risk level of 10–6 defined by USEPA. The average non-carcinogenic risk (HQ) values of BD and ST were equal to 8.50 × 100 and 5.13 × 100, respectively exceeding the acceptable risk level of 1. As the results of our studies exceeded both cancerogenic and non-carcinogenic risk values it indicates that adverse health effects due to inhalational exposure to BD and ST for workers in the machine carpet industry are very likely. To avoid negative health effects protective measures for employees in the factories should be introduced immediately and furher detailed research are recommended.

The economic return of kilim and carpet production in Matrouh Governorate

The economic return of kilim and carpet production in Matrouh Governorate

The Palas Manufacturing of the Southeastern Bashkirs in the Late 20th — Early 21st Century: to the Problem of Preserving Traditions

The article deals with one of the types of decorative-applied art — the production of lint-free carpets (palases) by the Bashkirs in the south-eastern part of the Republic of Bashkortostan (Abzelilovsky, Burzyansky, Beloretsky, Baymaksky districts). The source base of the study was the author's field materials collected in 2010-2021 in the study area. It was revealed that palases were woven on a frameless loom of sheep and goat wool. The palases are characterized by a longitudinal-striped ornament without a border — buoy balaq with a serrated pattern. Woollen palases were an indispensable element of the interior of the Bashkir dwelling: they covered bunks and hosted guests on them. The woven items were a part of the bride's dowry. In the 70-80s of the 20th century in some settlements of southeastern Bashkiria they started to weave lint-free carpets aqy balaq or kelam. On their dark background there were bright plant motifs, rhombuses and polygons.
 It was determined that in the late 20th — early 21st centuries, palace production existed in the territory under study. For the most part, the palases produced are used as interior decoration. Carpets neatly laid on a chest occupy a prominent place in rural and sometimes urban dwellings. The material and size of the item changed, but the technique remained the same.

Substitution of metal ion mordant with biomordants: Effect on color and fastness of reseda dyed on wool yarns

The environmental production of handmade carpets considering the application of natural materials; fibers, dyes, and mordants helps us benefit from the advantages of using renewable sources of raw materials. Metal salts are frequently employed as mordants to improve the fastness qualities. This article aims to investigate the yellow appearance of handmade carpets achieved by applying biomordants instead of metallic ones through spectral and colorimetric analysis. This method involved using reseda as a natural dye, yellow and black myrobalan as biomordants, and alum as a metallic mordant. After pre-mordanting and dyeing of the wool yarns, the achieved colors, color strengths, and key fastness properties were compared. The findings showed that using biomordants leads to appropriate color strengths and fastness qualities in addition to expanding the color gamut. Gratefully, the outcomes of current research guarantee to achieve the yellow appearance in Iranian handmade carpets through totally the novel eco-friendly procedure.

Mathematical methods for evaluating innovative activity at carpet industry enterprises

The article examines the rationale and mathematical methods for assessing the innovative activities of carpet manufacturers in order to determine the impact on the economic efficiency of the enterprise. Along with the legislative framework of digitalization of the Republic of Kazakhstan, the article highlights the current state of digitalization in the country. The article also provides financial and operational indicators of the country’s largest carpet manufacturing enterprise. In particular, the author examines the main indicators of the company from the opening of production to the present. The effectiveness of digitalization of carpet production plays an important role in the technological development of the regional spatial-industrial structure, so the production of carpets and carpet products using digital technology has a positive impact on the economy. The article also considers the advantages and disadvantages of the main types of economic and mathematical forecasting. The article offers a regression analysis of economic indicators, as well as conducting a mathematical model analysis between the indicators of the study. In the course of the study, the extrapolation of increasing series of the main indicators of the carpet manufacturing company, as well as the forecasting by trend analysis method were considered. The main indicators of the largest carpet manufacturer in the country were analyzed by extrapolation. As a result, the authors recommended an analysis of the relationship between the selected indicators. The article recommends conducting an analysis to assess the level of reliability of the proposed model after conducting a regression analysis. In this case, the reliability of the model is tested with the regression coefficient, and on the basis of the proposed method, the coefficient of determination is estimated within the 95% reliability level. On the basis of the offered method there is a possibility of forecasting of the main indicators of the carpet and carpet goods production enterprise.

A hybrid fuzzy multi-objective model for carpet production planning with reverse logistics under uncertainty

With the presence of ever-rising customers' concerns about environmental impacts, companies are utilizing used products and recyclable materials in their supply chains to manage the products' end-of-life effectively. Effective utilization requires a proper logistical structure to flow used and recovered products throughout the supply chain. In the carpet industry, reverse logistics operations are complex and susceptible to high uncertainty affecting the collection rate, recovered items’ availability, and reverse channel capacity. Besides total cost efficiency, carpet manufacturers and other logistics actors are willing to plan the production and reverse logistics functional areas to optimize sustainability attributes. Armed with these insights, this paper addresses a multi-product, multi-site, and multi-period production planning problem integrated with reverse logistics under uncertainty. A novel fuzzy multi-objective programming model (combining possibility and flexibility) is proposed with chance constraints. Finally, new hybrid fuzzy goal programming is presented to solve the developed model. Numerical study in the carpet industry is included to show the model applicability and sensitivity.