Degradation Of Carmine Research Articles

The enhanced degradation of Bi4O5I2 photocatalyst to the various organic pollutants through the upconversion luminescence of Yb3+/Er3+

The types of pollutants in water environment are very complex, so it is very important to develop a photocatalyst that can have universal applicability to a variety of pollutants. In this study, Bi4O5I2 was modified by Yb3+ and Er3+ doping, and an efficient photocatalyst with upconversion luminescence was found. After heat treatment, the sample was transformed from BiOI to Bi4O5I2 (BI), and the crystallite size of BI was significantly reduced and the porosity increased, which provided more active sites for the photocatalytic reaction, and the photocatalytic performance of BI samples was greatly improved. Compared with Er3+ single doped samples (BIE), Yb3+ and Er3+ co-doping (BIYE) effectively promotes the photogenerated carrier migration. Under simulated sunlight, BiOI, BI, BIE and BIYE degraded 30.1%, 62.2%, 72.6% and 92.1% of RhB solution within 30 min of illumination, respectively. In addition, the degradation of MB, MO, carmine, phenol and TC by BIYE were also tested. The results show that BIYE has a good ability to degrade a variety of organic pollutants that are difficult to degrade. The results of photocurrent response test show that BIYE has a stable photocurrent response signal to near-infrared light, which means that BIYE can respond to near-infrared light. The upconversion luminescence of the sample was further investigated. The energy transfer between Yb3+ and Er3+ enhances the upconversion luminescence of Er3+, that is, the conversion of near-infrared light into visible light, which can be absorbed and utilized by Bi4O5I2 matrix. The degradation of RhB solution was tested under near-infrared conditions, and the results show that BIYE also has excellent photocatalytic ability under near-infrared light.

Photocatalytic efficient degradation of new carmine by Bi-Sn-MOF(NH2) material and its mechanism

The Bi-Sn-MOF(NH2) material was prepared by the solvothermal method, and the photocatalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM, EIS and DRS. The degradation efficiency of Bi-Sn-MOF(NH2) material for new carmine (AR18) reached 99.9% after illumination of 40 min, which was 7.3% and 64.9% higher than that of Bi-MOF(NH2) and Bi-Sn-MOF, respectively. Bi-Sn-MOF(NH2) had good photocatalytic performance because the interaction between amino group and bimetal improves the electron-hole separation efficiency and carrier transport rate. The superoxide radical (·O2–) played a major role in the degradation of AR18. The photocatalytic mechanism of Bi-Sn-MOF(NH2) was proposed based on free radical determination and electrochemical tests.

A new insight into the generation of hydrogen peroxide from carmine degradation by cryptomelane as a catalyst, oxidant, and adsorbent

Carmine, as a widely used dye, is one kind of refractory organic pollutants that endanger the water environment. Finding an efficient and environmentally friendly degradation method is a crucial step to treat dye-containing wastewater. Using a one-step hydrothermal synthetic method, cryptomelane was synthesized, characterized, and investigated for its ability to degrade carmine in an aqueous solution. Under the optimum conditions of a 2 g/L cryptomelane dosage and an initial pH of 6.8, 97.87% of 100 mg/L carmine degraded within 240 mins. Cryptomelane exhibited excellent reusability after three cycles, with a decolorization efficiency of 85.39%. Cryptomelane accommodated a board working pH range. The carmine was efficiently decolorized via an interaction of oxidation, catalysis, and adsorption of cryptomelane in a ratio of 46.85:47.11:3.90, respectively. The existence of oxygen vacancies on cryptomelane was responsible for H2O2 generation, and O2•- and 1O2 active species were involved in the carmine degradation by cryptomelane. A low reaction activation energy (Ea = 6.36 kJ/mol) caused efficient removal of carmine by cryptomelane at ambient temperature. These findings notably distinguish three roles of cryptomelane as an adsorbent, oxidant, and catalyst in a pollutant removal system, and prove that cryptomelane may have extensive and promising utilization on refractory organic wastewater treatment without the need to add extra oxidants.

Synthesis of CaWO4 as a Photocatalyst for Degradation of Methylene Blue and Carmine under Ultraviolet Light Irradiation

Photocatalysis is considered a promising method for wastewater treatment; however, most synthesized photocatalysts have complex structures and are costly. Thus, in this study, a novel CaWO4 sample was synthesized by a co-precipitation method in one step. The characteristic results show that CaWO4 has good dispersibility, a large specific surface area, and good photoresponse under UV light. The synthesized CaWO4 can be used to degrade methylene blue (MB) and carmine (CR) under UV light without the addition of oxidants. The effects of a water matrix, including pH value, solid–liquid ratio, light intensity, and initial concentration of pollutants on photocatalytic degradation were studied. According to the optimization of these factors, the optimal photocatalytic degradation condition was found under the catalyst concentration of 1.0 g/L and ultraviolet light intensity of 80 W. The optimal pH is 8.2 for the MB system and 6.0 for the CR system. The optimal photocatalytic degradation of MB and CR at 100 mg/L can be achieved as 100%. According to the results of scavenger experiments, holes and hydroxyl radicals dominate the degradation of MB while hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions are mainly responsible for the degradation of CR. Further analyses showed that photogenerated electrons generated on the surface of the CaWO4 can form electron–hole pairs, thereby producing hydroxyl radicals and superoxide anions to degrade dyes. In addition, the CaWO4 has a good cycling performance in the process of degrading MB (more than 80% after five cycles). It provides a new idea for the photocatalytic degradation of dyes using mineral-like materials.

The Biodegradation of Indigo Carmine by Bacillus safensis HL3 Spore and Toxicity Analysis of the Degradation Products

The aims of this article were to investigate Bacillus safensis HL3 spore for its capacity to degrade and detoxify indigo carmine and to provide an effective biological agent for the treatment of isatin dye wastewater. Bacillus safensis HL3 spore was found to decolorize indigo carmine by 97% in the presence of acetosyringone within 2 h. Significantly increased activities of spore laccase, intracellular tyrosinase, and lignin peroxidase upon exposure to indigo carmine were observed. The results of RT-qPCR also showed that the expression of laccase gene was significantly increased. The spore has the ability to degrade indigo carmine through oxidization. Furthermore, the pathway by which indigo carmine is degraded was investigated using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis to identify the biodegradation products. A detailed pathway of indigo carmine degradation by bacterial spores was proposed for the first time. Toxicity tests indicated that the biodegradation products of indigo carmine are non-toxic to Nicotiana tabacum seeds and are less hazardous to human erythrocytes than the original dye. Indigo carmine is a typical recalcitrant dye and severely jeopardizes human health. The results demonstrate the utility of the spore from Bacillus safensis HL3 for the degradation of indigo carmine and simultaneous reduction of its toxicity.

TRATAMIENTO DE AGUA CON UNA DESCARGA CORONA PULSADA

One of the fastest growing technological applications in recent years in the area of non-thermal plasmas is the treatment of water with discharges in (and in contact with) liquids. Reactive chemical species are generated in the plasma in the gas phase and enter the liquid by diffusion or are generated at the gas-liquid interface, thus changing its physicochemical properties, without the addition of external chemical compounds. Depending on the form of application of the plasma, well-differentiated effects can be achieved: on the one hand, the purification of water through the degradation of organic pollutants, and on the other, its activation, through long-lived reactive species, for later use in seeds and food treatments. In this work, the first results obtained in the water treated with a pulsed corona discharge under different exposure times are reported. In particular, measurement results of indigo carmine degradation; electric conductivity; pH; aqueous concentrations of reactive species, such as nitrate, nitrite, hydrogen peroxide and ozone, are reported. The results are discussed and compared with published data.

Study of catalytic activity of G-SrO nanoparticles for degradation of cationic and anionic dye and comparative study photocatalytic and electro & photo-electrocatalytic of anionic dye degradation

Cationic dye (methylene blue) and anionic dye (carmine) degradation were demonstrated by SrO and G-SrO NPs. Furthermore, the carmine dye was degraded using two promising technologies: photocatalysis and electro& photo-electrocatalytic oxidation. Analyses of the synthesized photocatalysts were carried out utilizing optical techniques such as Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible absorption, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The FTIR results showed that no band for graphene appeared. The XRD data revealed that the nanocomposite has a cubic structure typical of SrO, which is highly crystalline. The energy band gap (EBG) decreases from 6 eV to 3.87 eV for SrO and 0.25 G-SrO, respectively. SEM images showed that incorporating graphene into SrO might enhance the surface area.For photocatalytic applications, the results revealed that the 0.25G-SrO catalyst achieved 99.5% degradation of MB dye and kinetic degradation rates of 0.04718 min−1 within 70min by photocatalysis under UV light irradiation. In comparison, 0.1G-SrO catalyst reached 79.03% degradation of carmine and kinetic degradation rates of 0.01182 min−1 within 125 min. The carmine dye was completely degraded with 8 min and 6 min irradiation time by electro and photo-electro catalytic. According to this research, SrO's photocatalytic activity was improved by incorporating graphene under UV light; besides comparing photocatalysis and electro &photo-electro catalytic processes to verify which technique is best for treating carmine in effluents.

Brazilein modified zinc oxide nanorods with enhanced visible light-responsive photocatalytic efficiency

Photocatalytic efficiency of ZnO nanorods has been investigated with respect to the concentration of brazilein. Brazilein modified ZnO nanorods were prepared by an impregnation process with 1.0%w/v, 2.5%w/v, and 5.0%w/v of brazilein solution. In order to correlate the variation in concentration distributions and photocatalytic performance, the phase composition, optical properties, and photo-catalytic activities of brazilein modified ZnO nanorods prepared with different brazilein concentrations have been investigated and compared to an unmodified ZnO nanorods. The photocatalytic properties were measured in terms of indigo carmine degradation under visible light irradiation. It was found that ZnO nanorods with the highest visible light-responsive photocatalytic efficiency were achieved by the modification of 5.0%w/v of brazilein resulting in indigo carmine degraded faster than the case of unmodified ZnO nanorod about 60% within 5 h.

Indigo Carmine Degradation in Water Induced by a Pulsed Positive Corona Discharge in Air: Discharge and Postdischarge Effects

In recent years, one of the fastest growing technological applications in the field of nonthermal plasmas is the degradation of organic contaminants of water. In this work, the degradation of indigo carmine (IC) in water induced by a pulsed positive corona discharge operating in ambient air is reported. Degradation levels in different volumes of IC in solution with distilled water treated with different plasma exposure times immediately after discharge (0 h), and in the postdischarge up to 24 h were examined. To explain the IC discoloration in the postdischarge phase, a chemical model was developed. The stability of the reactive species in solution nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), as well as the properties of the solution (electrical conductivity, pH) were also measured. The results suggest that the hydroxyl radical (OH˙) as well as ozone (O3) are the main oxidizing species during the discharge phase, being primarily formed in the gas phase through plasma-mediated reactions and then transferred to the liquid by diffusion, while the OH˙ production in the bulk liquid through the decomposition of peroxinitrous acid (O=NOOH) plays a major role in the IC degradation during the postdischarge. These results are associated with a noticeably increase in the energy-yield values observed at 24 h post-treatment.

Three dimensional BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics coated with TiO2 nanoarray for high performance of piezo-photoelectric catalysis

Persistent organic pollution (POPS) with the feature of difficult to be degraded, highly toxic and global spread has become a challenge for the whole human beings. Recently, piezo-photoelectric catalysis is emerging as a promising way to degrade organic pollutions. In order to avoid the secondary pollution caused by the difficult recycling of powder catalyst, a three-dimensional barium titanate (BaTiO3, BT) scaffold is prepared by direct writing technique in this study, of which the surface is decorated by titanium oxide (TiO2, TO) nanowire arrays. Piezoelectric potential can be generated in the BT scaffold, especially in the direction parallel to the direct writing printing, and the piezoelectric electric field can effectively promote the separation of photo-generated carriers. This design of the structure can effectively produce a larger deformation compared with the bulk structure in the catalytic process, and it can also increase the contact area between the catalyzer and solution with enhanced reactive site. Due to the piezo-phototronic coupling effect, BT piezoelectric ceramic scaffold with TiO2 array exhibits an excellent dye degradation efficiency, of which the rate constant reaches approximately 0.109 min−1 for 100 mL of 10 mg/L of indigo carmine (IC) degradation. This work demonstrated that 3D piezoelectric ceramics by direct ink writing method shows a great potential in promoting the practical application of catalysis.

Comparative Degradation Studies of Carmine Dye by Photocatalysis and Photoelectrochemical Oxidation Processes in the Presence of Graphene/N-Doped ZnO Nanostructures

The goal of this study was to synthesize a UV-light-active ZnO photocatalyst by modifying it with nitrogen and graphene, then applying it to the degradation of carmine dye utilizing two promising technologies: photocatalysis and electrochemical oxidation (E.O.). Different techniques were used to analyze the prepared photocatalysts, such as Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). According to XRD measurements, the produced nanocomposite possesses a hexagonal wurtzite structure, indicating ZnO and markedly crystalline. For photocatalytic applications, the results revealed that the 0.001 g of G/N-doped ZnO catalyst achieved 66.76% degradation of carmine and kinetic degradation rates of 0.007 min−1 within 185 min by photocatalysis under UV light irradiation. In comparison, the same sample reached 100% degradation of carmine and kinetic degradation rates of 0.202 min−1 within 15 min using the electrochemical oxidation method. The improved photocatalytic activity of as-produced nanocomposites can be attributed to intermediate levels in the prohibited bandgap energy and the enhanced oxygen vacancies caused by nitrogen doping. The electrolyte (NaCl) on the degradation of the carmine dye was tested, and the findings indicated that the dye molecules were photodegraded by the 0.001 g of G/N-doped ZnO nanocomposite after a 15 min time interval. The data presented in this work for the carmine breakdown in water give intriguing contrasts between photocatalytic, indirect electrochemical oxidation, and photoelectrochemical oxidation. The action of chlorinated oxidative species, predominantly HClO, which were electrogenerated at the electrode surface due to the chloride ion’s oxidation in solution, induced indirect electrochemical oxidation degradation. This study also revealed that the modifications made to ZnO were beneficial by improving its photocatalytic activities under UV light, as well as a comparison of photocatalysis and electrochemical oxidation processes to determine which technique is best for treating carmine in effluents with high chloride ions.

Laccase immobilized on chitosan-polyacrylic acid microspheres as highly efficient biocatalyst for naphthol green B and indigo carmine degradation

Low cost and non-toxic microspheres constituted by different ratios of chitosan (Cs) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) were manufactured as carriers for laccase (Lc). The CsPAA microspheres characterization proved that the PAA content played an important role on the size, surface morphology and rheological properties, and modulated the enzyme immobilization. The immobilization of Lc involved a multi-step procedure in which the 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) was used as “zero length” crosslinker. The product with the largest active enzyme amount (44.38 mg Lc/g dry support), and the best operational stability profile was 10CsPAALc3. Also, this product contained the lowest PAA concentration and had excellent rheological properties. Moreover, two current hazardous chemicals, indigo carmine (IC) and naphthol green B (NG), were used as model dyes in practical applications. The biocatalytic decomposition of NG and IC was 1.67 and 2.4 times faster for 10CsPAALc3 compared to the free enzyme. The kinetic profile revealed that the immobilized Lc was less prone to substrate, operational and thermal inactivation. For example, the thermal inactivation for 10CsPAALc3 decreased by approximately 25% when dyes were used as substrate and by 11.71% for ABTS, as compared with the free Lc. The recycling test showed that in 5 cycles the immobilized Lc preserves 81% with NG and respectively 72% for IC of initial activity. The results prove that the new immobilized product can be successfully used in indigoid and metal-complex dyes biodegradation.

Influence of the Local Structure on the Photocatalytic Properties of Zinc Spinel Ferrite Nanoparticles

The correlation between iron distribution in octahedral or tetrahedral sites in synthetic magnetite and zinc spinel ferrites and their catalytic properties were investigated in this work. The zinc-doped nanomagnetites were prepared by co-precipitation method and annealed at 420 °C. X-ray diffraction, UV-Vis, X-ray absorption and 57Fe Mössbauer spectroscopies were used to identify iron sites. The obtained results showed that ZnII replaces the relatively smaller FeIII cation in the tetrahedral sites, increasing the cubic lattice dimension, and this replacement remarkably enhances the catalytic effectiveness of the Zn-spinel ferrite towards the indigo carmine degradation compared to undoped magnetite. The indigo carmine degradation experiments were carried out using photo-Fenton method in which 50 mL of indigo carmine dye aqueous solutions (20 mg L−1, pH 3.0), 20 mg ZnxFe(3-x)O4, and 2.0 mL H2O2 (aqueous solution at 0.028 mol L−1) were placed under UV light at 25 °C. Under these experimental conditions the degradation rate of indigo carmine was superior to 98%.

Synthesis and Characterization of WO3/CeO2 Heterostructured Nanoparticles for Photodegradation of Indigo Carmine Dye.

WO3/CeO2 heterostructured nanocomposites containing different WO3 ratios (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1.0 wt %) were synthesized by a precipitation method. The coupling of CeO2 and WO3 with a high specific surface area noticeably enhanced the photocatalytic activity of indigo carmine (IC) degradation under visible-light irradiation. The degradation rate constants (k) of 0.5 wt % WO3/CeO2 nanocomposites reached 4 and 5 times higher than those of CeO2 and WO3, respectively. Regarding the experimental results, the X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of the CeO2 spherical nanoparticles and rod-shaped WO3 were assigned to the cubic fluorite and orthorhombic phase structures, respectively. The increasing photocatalytic activity of nanocomposite samples could be attributed to the heterojunction of the photocatalysts with efficient charge separation and strong oxidative ability, which were confirmed by the photoluminescence spectra and diffuse reflectance spectrometry. The staggered heterojunction of the nanocomposite promoted efficient electron transfer and suppressed the recombination of photogenerated electrons and holes during the process.

Ti/TiO2-CoWO4-Co3(PO4)2 composites: Plasma electrolytic synthesis, optoelectronic properties, and solar light-driven photocatalytic activity

Co-, W-, and P-containing oxide heterostructures on titanium substrates have been obtained by plasma electrolytic oxidation at current densities of 0.1 and 0.15 A/cm2. The heterostructures have been studied by the X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Conglomerates of nanoparticles with an elemental composition corresponding to CoWO4, CoO, and Co3(PO4)2 have been found on the surface of the samples. Air-annealing of samples at 700 °C for 1 h leads to the transformation of nanoparticles into nanocrystals with CoWO4 and Co3(PO4)2 phases. The annealed samples and the initial samples obtained at 0.15 A/cm2 are also contain the crystalline phase of TiO2. All samples are characterized by a small bandgap: Eg values for the direct (n = 2) and indirect (n = 1/2) transitions are equal 2.77 and 2.07 eV, respectively, for both initial samples. All samples exhibit photocatalytic activity in indigo carmine (IC) degradation at pH = 2.9 under solar light illumination. The proposed mechanism of solar light-driven photocatalytic activity of Ti/TiO2-CoWO4-Co3(PO4)2 structures includes the formation of p-n heterojunction between TiO2 and CoWO4, capture of holes by Co3(PO4)2, and producing a high-valence cobalt ions Co3+/Co4+, which could further induce oxidation reactions with water molecules and IC.

Low cost synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles and evaluation of their photocatalytic activity

A series of ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized by a biosynthesis method. The as-obtained products were characterized with powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Photoluminescence (PL) and Raman spectra. The ZnO nanoparticle exhibited superior photocatalytic activities for indigo carmine degradation under visible light irradiation. In addition, the photocatalyst exhibits high stability and reusability.

Investigation of mechanism and kinetics in the TiO2 photocatalytic degradation of Indigo Carmine dye using radical scavengers

This study is aimed at investigating the influence of different scavenger species of radicals that might possibly be involved in the TiO2/UVA photocatalytic degradation of Indigo Carmine dye. The effect caused by the presence of hydroxyl radicals (1-butanol and 2-propanol), positive holes (h+) (potassium iodide) and singlet oxygen (azide) was studied. Kinetics and optimal degradation conditions were evaluated using a factorial experiment design. The highest pseudo-first-order kinetics (k = 5.22 × 10−2 ± 0.002 and t1/2 = 13.25 ± 0.49 min) was achieved at pH 4.0, 6 mg L−1 of Indigo Carmine dye and 12 mg L−1 of TiO2. Mineralization was not achieved, and direct photolysis was not observed under the studied conditions. Indigo Carmine degradation occurs mainly due to oxidation in the positive hole (h+) followed by singlet oxygen action and on a smaller scale by hydroxyl radical. The use of the aforementioned radical scavengers made it possible to verify the mechanism and kinetics of Indigo Carmine dye through TiO2 heterogeneous photocatalysis.

Visible-Light Degradation of Organic Dye Based on a Heterostructure Photocatalyst

Novel highly visible-light active 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4–Bi2S3 heterostructure photocatalysts with various weight percentages of Bi2S3 were successfully synthesized. First, the 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4 catalyst was synthesized by a simple two-step oxidation–reduction and co-precipitation methods, followed by heating at 450 °C. Then, 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4 was hydrothermally treated with Bi3+, and thiourea in ethylene glycol to obtain the 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4–Bi2S3 heterostructure photocatalyst. The obtained 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4–Bi2S3 heterostructure photocatalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. Photocatalytic studies were conducted using Indigo carmine and it was found that the heterostructure photocatalyst enabled an almost complete degradation of the pollutants. The enhanced catalytic activity of the 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4–2.0Bi2S3 heterostructure photocatalyst is due to the homogeneous distribution of ZnBi2O4–2.0Bi2S3 over rGO as well as to the efficient electron-transfer from Bi2S3 to ZnBi2O4 and finally to rGO. More than 97% of Indigo carmine of 50 mg/L was degraded by 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4–2.0Bi2S3 in 75 min of visible light irradiation. The reusability of the 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4–2.0Bi2S3 was studied, and after four cycles, the Indigo carmine degradation efficiency decreased to 90%.The mechanism of the Indigo carmine degradation by the 1.0rGO–ZnBi2O4–2.0Bi2S3 catalysis likely consists of to two main processes: first, charge transfer prolongs the lifetime of the electron–hole pairs, and then the electron–hole pairs participate in the reactions that produce free radicals.

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of hematite from iron sand modified ZnO for indigo carmine degradation

Modification of hematite (α-Fe2O3) with ZnO to produce ZnO/α-Fe2O3 composites by sol gel method and their photocatalytic activity testing on the degradation of indigo carmine (IC) dye has been done. The hematite was extracted from iron sand using hydrochloric acid and precipitated using aqueous ammonia. The ZnO/α-Fe2O3 composites were prepared with the mole ratio of ZnO to α-Fe2O3 1:1, 1:5 and 5:1. XRD pattern analysis showed that the average crystallite size of ZnO/α-Fe2O3 composites were greater than that of α-Fe2O3. The result of photocatalytic activity test showed that composite with the mole ratio of ZnO to α-Fe2O3 1:5 has the highest photocatalytic activity under the optimized conditions, with the maximum degradation efficiency of IC are 91.75 % and 93.18 % under UV light and sunlight irradiation, respectively. These highest of photocatalytic activity was reached at the initial pH of dye solution = 1, photocatalyst dosage of 300 mg, initial dye concentration 15 ppm and irradiation time 120 minutes under UV light and 90 minutes under sunlight irradiation.

Visible light driven Ni–BaMo3O10 photocatalyst for Indigo Carmine degradation: Mechanism and pathways

The microwave hydrothermal method was employed for the synthesis of Ni doped Barium trimolybdate (Ni–BaMo3O10) tripod microcrystals. The photocatalyst, BaMo3O10 and Ni–BaMo3O10 have tendency to degrade the Indigo Carmine (IC) about 40 and 98% under visible light irradiation, respectively in 180 min. The photocatalyst revealed the excellent photodegradation stability up to five cycles. The active species (OH•, O2•-, and h+) were responsible for IC degradation on the basis of scavenger test. Effect of pH on IC degradation was also investigated. The enhancement of photocatalytic efficiency for IC degradation is related to increase in visible light absorption/oxygen vacancy and efficient separation of electron-hole pairs on the surface of photocatalyst. The suppression of charge recombination explained by transient photocurrent response and EIS measurements. The IC degradation was analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-photodiode array (UPLC-PDA) and high resolution-quadruple time of flight electrospray ionization mass spectroscopy (HR-QTOF ESI/MS). The four degradation pathways of IC in water were proposed on the basis of degraded products. Hydroxylation, oxidation, methylation, decarboxylation, and desulfonation reactions were observed during IC degradation. The efficient mineralization of IC occurred according to total organic carbon (TOC) investigation. Therefore, this research article presents removal of dyes pollutants from polluted water and in-depth analysis of IC pathways.