Cariostatic Agent Research Articles

Evaluation of the cytotoxicity of new formulations of cariostatic agents containing nano silver fluoride: an in vitro study.

The objective of the study was to assess the indirect cytotoxicity of 600ppm and 1500ppm nano silver fluoride (NSF) compared to other commercial cariostatic agents. 56 dentin discs with 0.4mm in thickness were obtained from intact human molars and adapted to artificial pulp chambers (APCs). The discs were divided into seven groups according to treatment (n = 8): no treatment (positive control-PC), 29% hydrogen peroxide (negative control-NC), 30% Cariestop (CS30), 38% Riva Star (RS38), 38% Advantage Arrest (AA38), 600ppm NSF (NSF600), and 1500ppm NSF (NSF1500). The cariostatic agents were applied on the occlusal surface of the dentin discs (facing upward), and the pulp surface (facing downward) remained in contact with the culture medium. Immediately after the treatments, the extracts (DMEM + cariostatic agent components diffused through the discs) were collected and applied to MDPC-23 cells, which were assessed for viability (CV-alamarBlue, live/dead), adhesion/spreading (F-actin), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and mineralization nodule (MN) formation. The data were statistically analyzed by ANOVA/Games-Howell (p = 0.05). CV and ALP activity in CS30, RS38, AA38, and NSF600 were similar to PC (p > 0.05). MN formation significantly decreased only in NC, CS30, RS38, and AA38 compared to PC (p < 0.001). Only NSF600 and NSF1500 did not differ from PC (p > 0.05) with mineralization nodules, and this specific cell activity significantly decreased in all other groups (p < 0.05). NSF solutions (600ppm and 1500ppm) did not cause transdentinal toxicity on MDPC-23 cells.

A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nanosilver Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries in School Children.

The study evaluated the effectiveness of nanosilver fluoride (NSF) in arresting dental caries in 4-8-year-old school children. The two-arm, parallel-group randomized controlled trial included a total of 148 children aged 4-8 years with active carious lesions. Children were randomly divided into two groups: group I-NSF (n = 74); and group II-water (placebo and n = 74). Baseline data were recorded using the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) II criteria, and the teeth were treated with either of the solutions. Later, the teeth were evaluated by two blinded examiners for the lesion activity using ICDAS II criteria at 1, 3, and 6-month intervals. The obtained data were analyzed using the Chi-squared test for intergroup comparison and Cochran's Q test for intragroup comparison. Cohen's κ test was used to check the interexaminer and intraexaminer variability. Carious teeth treated with NSF have shown 56.3, 59.2, and 62% arrested carious lesions, whereas the placebo group has shown 0, 2.9, and 4.4% arrested lesions at 1, 3, and 6-month intervals, respectively. NSF showed a high statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) in arresting dental caries compared to the control group at all the time intervals. Nanosilver fluoride (NSF) is found to be effective in arresting dental caries without staining carious lesions. Therefore, it can be used to reduce the bacterial load for caries stabilization in the initial phase of the comprehensive treatment protocol for the management of children with active caries lesions. Most of the decayed teeth in the primary dentition remain untreated either because of inaccessible dental services or the uncooperativeness of children. Hence, there is an absolute need for a cariostatic agent which arrests the progression of caries in a simple and noninvasive manner. The results of this study evidence that NSF effectively arrests dental caries in primary teeth. Hence, this can be a very economical way of arresting caries in the population who don't have access to regular dental treatment. Devi C, Chandrasekhar R, Vinay C, et al. A Randomized Controlled Trial Evaluating the Effectiveness of Nanosilver Fluoride in Arresting Dental Caries in School Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2023;16(5):667-670.

The Phenolic Profile and Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Polish Propolis on Activated Human Gingival Fibroblasts-1 Cell Line.

Propolis, owing to its antibacterial and anti-inflammatory properties, acts as a cariostatic agent, capable of preventing the accumulation of dental plaque and inhibiting inflammation. The anti-inflammatory properties of propolis are attributed to caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE), which is present in European propolis. The objective of the conducted study was to assess the anti-inflammatory effects of the Polish ethanolic extract of propolis (EEP) and isolated CAPE on stimulated with LPS and IFN-α, as well as the combination of LPS and IFN-α. The cytotoxicity of the tested compounds was determined using the MTT assay. The concentrations of specific cytokines released by the HGF-1 cell line following treatment with EEP (25-50 µg/mL) or CAPE (25-50 µg/mL) were assessed in the culture supernatant. In the tested concentrations, both CAPE and EEP did not exert cytotoxic effects. Our results demonstrate that CAPE reduces TNF-α and IL-6 in contrast to EEP. Propolis seems effective in stimulating HGF-1 to release IL-6 and IL-8. A statistically significant difference was observed for IL-8 in HGF-1 stimulated by LPS+IFN-α and treated EEP at a concentration of 50 µg/mL (p = 0.021201). Moreover, we observed that CAPE demonstrates a stronger interaction with IL-8 compared to EEP, especially when CAPE was administered at a concentration of 50 µg/mL after LPS + IFN-α stimulation (p = 0.0005). Analysis of the phenolic profile performed by high-performance liquid chromatography allowed identification and quantification in the EEP sample of six phenolic acids, five flavonoids, and one aromatic ester-CAPE. Propolis and its compound-CAPE-exhibit immunomodulatory properties that influence the inflammatory process. Further studies may contribute to explaining the immunomodulatory action of EEP and CAPE and bring comprehensive conclusions.

Pulp cell response to the application of silver diamine fluoride and potassium iodide on caries-like demineralized dentin.

To investigate the response of pulp cells to the application of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) and potassium iodide (KI) on demineralized dentin. The occlusal surfaces of human dentin discs (0.4mm thick) with similar permeability were subjected to an artificial caries protocol, and then the discs were adapted into artificial pulp chambers. MDPC-23 cells were seeded on the healthy pulp dentin surface, while the demineralized surface was treated with SDF, KI, SDF + KI, or hydrogen peroxide (positive control-PC) (n = 8). The negative control (NC) received ultrapure water. After 24h, cell viability (alamarBlue) and morphology (SEM) were evaluated. The extracts were then applied to new MDPC-23 cells seeded in culture plates to assess their viability and the formation of mineralized nodules (MN; Alizarin Red) after seven days. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance/Tukey or Games-Howell tests (α = 5%). SDF and PC significantly reduced the viability of cells seeded on discs (45.6% and 71.0%, respectively). Only cells treated with SDF or PC detached from the dentin substrate, while the remaining cells showed altered morphology. Cells in contact with extracts showed less reduction in viability, but it was still more toxic compared to NC. Only PC reduced MN deposition. SDF + KI or KI alone did not affect the cell response. SDF applied alone showed a mild to moderate transdentinal cytotoxic effect on pulp cells. However, the combination of SDF + KI reduced the cytotoxic effects. Both materials used alone or in combination did not affect the mineralization ability of pulp cells. Besides improving esthetic results, associating potassium iodide with silver diamine fluoride may reduce the transdentinal cytotoxic effects of this cariostatic agent on pulp cells.

Propolis as a Cariostatic Agent in Lozenges and Impact of Storage Conditions on the Stability of Propolis.

Propolis is known as a source of compounds with strong antibacterial activity. Due to the antibacterial effect against streptococci of the oral cavity, it seems to be a useful agent in decreasing the accumulation of dental plaque. It is rich in polyphenols which are responsible for a beneficial impact on the oral microbiota and antibacterial effect. The aim of the study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of Polish propolis against cariogenic bacteria. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined on cariogenic streptococci related to the occurrence of dental caries. Lozenges based on xylitol, glycerin, gelatin, water, and ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) were prepared. The effect of prepared lozenges on cariogenic bacteria was assessed. Propolis was compared to chlorhexidine which is used in dentistry as the gold standard. In addition, the prepared propolis formulation was stored under stress conditions to assess the influence of physical conditions (i.e., temperature, relative humidity, and UV radiation). In the experiment, thermal analyses were also performed to evaluate the compatibility of propolis with the substrate used to create the base of lozenges. The observed antibacterial effect of propolis and prepared lozenges with EEP may suggest directing subsequent research on prophylactic and therapeutic properties decreasing the accumulation of dental plaque. Therefore, it is worth highlighting that propolis may play an important role in the management of dental health and bring advantages in preventing periodontal diseases and caries as well as dental plaque. The colorimetric analyses carried out in the CIE L*a*b* system, microscopic examinations, and TGA/DTG/c-DTA measurements indicate the unfavorable effect of the tested storage conditions on the lozenges with propolis. This fact is particularly evident for lozenges stored under stress conditions, i.e., 40 °C/75% RH/14 days, and lozenges exposed to UVA radiation for 60 min. In addition, the obtained thermograms of the tested samples indicate the thermal compatibility of the ingredients used to create the formulation of lozenges.

Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice Regarding Nonrestorative Cavity Control among Pediatric Dentists: A Questionnaire-Based Cross-Sectional Study

Introduction: According to the worldwide burden of illnesses, unresolved dental decay is one of the most frequent oral diseases. One the significant barriers noticed during dental treatment of the children is fear and anxiety due to conventional treatment procedures. Hence, various dental caries removal and arrest techniques that are noninvasive and child friendly have to be incorporated by the pediatric dentists in their day-to-day practice. Aim: To evaluate knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding nonrestorative cavity control (NRCC) among pediatric dentists in India through the online survey. Materials and Methodology: An online questionnaire-based cross-sectional survey was carried out between January 2021 and May 2021 among the pediatric dentists in India. A structured questionnaire was used to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding NRCC technique. Self-administered questionnaire with 16 close-ended questions were formulated with multiple choice or Yes-No options. A total of 12 pediatric dentists working only as faculty, 47 only as practitioners, 39 as both faculty and practitioners, and 116 as postgraduate students participated in the study. Results: In the present study, 85% of pediatric dentists were aware about the concept of NRCC but not regarding the steps and the technique used in the concept. Most commonly chosen cariostatic agent was silver diamine fluoride (95.3%) followed by sodium fluoride varnish (86.9%) to use at concentrations 38% and 5%, respectively. 55.6% of the respondents stated that NRCC had various advantages which gave the technique an edge over other conventional techniques, whereas food impaction following slicing of the teeth (52.8%) was the most common disadvantage of this technique. Conclusion: The detailed knowledge related to NRCC is poor and misunderstood by most of the participants; hence, it warrants for the need to increase the awareness regarding this child friendly technique and motivate the pediatric dentists in using the same.

Parental perception and acceptance of silver diamine fluoride treatment among Syrian refugees.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is an effective cariostatic agent, although staining associated with treatment is a significant impediment to its acceptability. A cross-sectional study of Syrian refugees to identify acceptance of SDF treatment. Information was collected on: sociodemographics, medical/dental child history, dental status (dmft/DMFT), andperceptions of photographs of SDF-treated teeth. Associations between clinical findings and the acceptability were assessed. Of 258 parents or guardians, 37.8% accepted SDF treatment for their children. Acceptance was related to the location and type of teeth, being higher for primary than permanent teeth, and posterior than anterior teeth in both dentitions. Uncooperative behavior during previous dental treatment, the presence of dental discoloration, history of child dental pain, and number of filled teeth were all associated with better parental acceptance. Acceptance was also related to parental age, level of education, and their relation to the child. Parents' acceptance of SDF treatment is low. However, staining on posterior teeth was more acceptable than staining on anterior teeth and on primary more than permanent teeth.

Efficacy of Theobromine and Sodium Fluoride Solutions for Remineralization of Initial Enamel Caries Lesions

Objectives: This study investigated the efficacy of theobromine in comparison with 0.05% sodium fluoride solution for remineralization of initial enamel caries lesions (IECLs). Materials and Methods: Ninety non-carious extracted premolars were sectioned longitudinally into buccal and lingual segments. Caries-like lesions were induced in each segment using acidified gel. Forty-five buccal segments were used for surface microhardness (SMH) test, and 45 buccal segments were used for energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The lingual segments were used as the control group for EDS and SMH test. The baseline SMH was measured with a Vickers hardness tester, and the baseline calcium content was analyzed by EDS. Each test group was divided into three subgroups for treatment with (1) artificial saliva, (2) 1.1 mol/L theobromine, and (3) 0.05% sodium fluoride. Remineralization and demineralization were done by daily pH cycling to simulate the oral environment. Samples in each group were immersed in treatment solutions for 1 min before and after the remineralizing cycle. After a 7-day cycle, the SMH test and EDS analysis were performed again. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA, Tukey’s post-hoc test, and paired sample t-test (P<0.05). Results: All treatments effectively remineralized the IECLs (P<0.05), and theobromine caused the maximum increase in SMH, which was significantly higher than the value in sodium fluoride group (mean value of 36.56±4.95 versus 23.25±3.92; P=0.000). EDS showed the highest calcium deposition in theobromine group (3.82±1.83wt%). Conclusion: Theobromine is an effective cariostatic agent, and can be considered as a safe alternative to fluoride in preventive dental care.

Comparative evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of silver diamine fluoride, chlorhexidine varnish with conventional fluoride varnish as a caries arresting agent. An in vivo sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis study.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is employed as an adjunct cariostatic agent in the management of dental caries in high-risk population. Other than fluorides, chlorhexidine (CHX) is the most potent antimicrobial and efficacious agent against Streptococcus mutans. The aim of this study is to evaluate and differentiate the efficacy of 38% silver diamine fluoride, CHX varnish, and fluoride varnish on carious primary teeth. Ninety children having a count of ≥1 carious lesion were recruited. Thirty-eighty percent silver diamine fluoride or fluoride varnish and CHX varnish were topically applied on the lesion. The primary outcome measured was the arrest of carious lesion (lesion rendered inactive as per the Nyvad criteria) after a follow-up of 14-21 days. Dental biofilm sample was obtained from each child and subsequently assessed for microbial composition by colony-forming unit method before and after treatment followed by protein analysis by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis method. Average proportion of arrested caries lesions in the SDF group was higher followed by CHX and fluoride varnish groups. Decreased total protein amount was found in SDF group. This proves that there is decrease in microbial load posttreatment in SDF group. Thirty-eight percent SDF is more effective than CHX varnish and fluoride varnish in arresting dentin carious lesions in young children.

Effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate crème on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm in vitro.

The aim of this study was to test the effects of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) crème, or MI Paste™ (MIP), on nicotine-induced Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The experiment utilized S. mutans biofilm assays with varying concentrations of nicotine and MIP aqueous concentrate levels. First hand exposure to nicotine has been demonstrated to significantly increase S. mutans biofilm formation, while the active component, CPP-ACP, in MIP has been shown to reduce S. mutans biofilm formation. A 24-h culture of S. mutans UA159 in microtiter plates were treated with varying nicotine concentrations (0-32mg/ml) in Tryptic Soy Broth supplemented with 1% sucrose (TSBS) with or without MIP aqueous concentrate. A spectrophotometer was used to determine total growth absorbance and planktonic growth. The microtiter plate wells were washed, fixed, and stained with crystal violet dye and the absorbance measured to determine biofilm formation. The presence of MIP aqueous concentrate inhibits nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation at different concentrations of nicotine (0-32mg/ml). The results demonstrated nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation is decreased in the presence of MIP. This provides further evidence about the cariostatic properties of CPP-ACP, the active soluble ingredient in the MIP, and reconfirms the harmful effects of nicotine. Smokers may gain dual benefits from the use of MIP, as a remineralization agent and as a cariostatic agent, by inhibiting nicotine-induced S. mutans biofilm formation.

Evaluation of Silver Diamine Fluoride as Indirect Pulp Capping Agent in Primary Teeth: An in vivo Study

Background and Aimnbspnbspnbspnbspnbspnbsp Indirect pulp capping IPC preserves the pulp vitality by disinfecting and re-mineralizing remaining carious dentin.Calcium hydroxide has been considered as a gold standard for pulp capping. Silver diamine fluoride SDF has been used as a cariostatic agent and deposits silver phosphate to restore mineral content resulting in re-hardening of tooth. The study was done toevaluate and compare effects of SDF with calcium hydroxide as an IPC agent in primary teeth.Methods 34 primary anterior and posterior teeth were selected from 27 patients aged 4-10 years. Samples were randomly divided into two groups Group 1 experimental - 38 SDF Group 2 control - Dycal. After caries removal test materials were applied at the base of the cavity followed by restoration with glass ionomer cement. Clinical and radiographic follow up were done at 1 week and 1 month intervals. Results Clinical and radiographic success at 1 month was found to be 100 in SDF and 93.75 in calcium hydroxide with no significant difference between two groups. Conclusion Results of the present study indicated that SDF can be used as potential substitute to Calcium hydroxide for IPC in primary teeth.

Silver diamine fluoride as a proactive anti-caries tool: A review

The management of ECC by the regular stereotyped restorative methods alone is incapable, particularly in a vast community or developing countries like India, where we lack free availability of dental equipment and manpower. The announcement of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) as another fluoride delivery system is a breakthrough therapy with evidences of caries lesion arrest rates of about 70 percent. SDF presents as an advantageous modality and is favoured as a satisfactory interim treatment option for its less invasive nature and its inexpensiveness. Most of the researchers have reported SDF to be undeniably more potent cariostatic agent than the fluoride varnishes in arresting caries. Its anti -caries effectiveness was found to be alike on incipient dental caries, non-cavitated and cavitated lesions and no severe pulpal damage after SDF application has been reported. Hence it is justified to state that SDF is a competent, efficient, secure and a reasonable caries preventive tool which is time saving and also patient oriented. Keywords: Silver diamine fluoride (SDF), Cariostatic agents, Fluoride delivery systems, Early childhood caries (ECC), Caries prevention, Fluoride varnishes.

Boron-rich diet may regulate blood lipid profile and prevent obesity: A non-drug and self-controlled clinical trial

Background: Boron is an element commonly found in nature. The main boron source for organisms is through food and drinking water. In recent years, it is suggested that the “boron-rich diet” can affect human health positively. However, more detailed studies are needed.Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the effect of increased dietary boron intake on some biochemical parameters in humans.Material and methods: Thirteen healthy women consumed diets containing 10 mg more boron than their routine diet for one month. This boron intake was provided with the increase of boron-rich foods such as dried fruits, avocado, and nuts in the diet. Some biochemical and hematologic parameters were determined in blood, urine and saliva samples taken before and after a boron-rich diet.Results: Serum, salivary, and urine boron concentrations increased 1.3, 1.7, 6.0 fold, respectively. The most significant clinically change was found in the lipid profile. Serum total, LDL, VLDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased significantly. Body weight, body fat weight, and Body Mass Index also decreased. Significant changes in serum TSH and salivary buffering capacity were also found.Conclusion: Increasing the intake of boron through dietary means might contribute to beneficial effects on lipid metabolism, obesity, and thyroid metabolism; salivary boron may reflect serum boron; and boron may be used as a cariostatic agent in dentistry. An increased intake of other dietary factors such as fiber, potassium, iron, vitamin A, and vitamin E in the boron-rich foods might have been responsible of the effects described. To our knowledge, this study is the first clinical study in which dietary boron intake is increased via foods.

Maternal Supplementation of Low Dose Fluoride Alleviates Adverse Perinatal Outcomes Following Exposure to Intrauterine Inflammation

Maternal periodontal disease has been linked to adverse pregnancy sequelae, including preterm birth (PTB); yet, root planing and scaling in pregnancy has not been associated with improved perinatal outcomes. Fluoride, a cariostatic agent, has been added to drinking water and dental products to prevent caries and improve dental health. The objective of this study was to explore the effects of fluoride supplementation using a mouse model of preterm birth and perinatal sequalae. Pregnant mice were fed low dose fluoride (LF−) or high dose fluoride (HF−) and given intrauterine injections of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). We found that LPS + LF− significantly increased livebirths, pup survival, and litter size compared to LPS alone. Moreover, offspring from the LPS + LF− group exhibited significantly improved neuromotor performance and more neurons compared to those from the LPS group. Additionally, LF− treatment on human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) increased cell viability and decreased oxidative stress after treatment with LPS. Collectively, our data demonstrates that maternal LF− supplementation during pregnancy postpones the onset of PTB, acts to increase the liveborn rate and survival time of newborns, and reduces perinatal brain injury in cases of intrauterine inflammation.

Evaluation of the staining potential of silver diamine fluoride: invitro.

Silver diamine fluoride (SDF) is a cariostatic agent used to adjunctively manage dental caries in high-risk groups. However, black staining is a frequently reported side effect following SDF application and influences the acceptability of this treatment. To evaluate the staining potential of SDF and the influence of the potassium Iodide (KI) application on the degree of black staining over time. Extracted carious primary molars were collected and sorted into pairs matched by tooth type, size and location of the carious lesion (n=35). Teeth were stratified to receive either 38% SDF, KI immediately after SDF application, or 12% SDF. Standardised timelapse photography and image processing software was used to evaluate staining over a period of 7days. Following SDF application, the onset of black staining occurred within 2min and increased in value for up to 6h post-application. The use of KI immediately after SDF application resulted in no noticeable staining of the carious dentine or surrounding enamel. No significant differences were evident in the staining potential between the different SDF concentrations (38% and 12%). Furthermore, root surface and cementum was found to stain darker and more readily when compared with the coronal enamel surface. SDF has the ability to visibly stain dental hard tissues and its staining potential may be modified by application of KI.

In Vitro Evaluation of the Remineralizing Potential and Antimicrobial Activity of a Cariostatic Agent with Silver Nanoparticles.

Cariostatic treatment has been shown to successfully arrest caries. However, it blackens the carious tooth structure. This study evaluated the effects of an experimental cariostatic agent with silver nanoparticles (Ag-Nano) using microhardness (MH) and microbiological tests. The cariostatic agents tested were: Saforide®, Cariestop®, Ancarie® and Ag-Nano. Sixty-six samples from deciduous enamel were submitted to initial (after pH cycling to obtain initial caries-like lesion) and final (after cariostatic application) MH testing and %MH values were calculated. After longitudinal sectioning, internal (I) MH was evaluated. Strains of Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Enterococcus faecalis in brain-heart infusion culture were treated with the cariostatic agents. Agar diffusion tests (ADTs) were performed and minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined. The statistical tests used were: Kruskal-Wallis and Dunn (%MD; ADT; MIC) and ANOVA followed by Tukey's test (I-MH) (p<0.05). The %MH of Saforide® was significantly greater than that of Ag-Nano (p<0.05). Internal MH showed progressive improvement in the enamel remineralization for all cariostatic tested. In ADTs showed greater inhibition of S. mutans, E. faecalis, and E. coli by Saforide® than by Ancarie® and Ag-Nano. Ag-Nano was able to inhibit 100% microorganism growth at a lower concentration than required for the other agents. It was concluded that Ag-Nano treatment promoted remineralization of deciduous tooth enamel with initial caries-like lesion and bactericidal activity.

Silver nanoparticles in glass ionomer cements: surface characterization and validation of the antibacterial activity

Event Abstract Back to Event Silver nanoparticles in glass ionomer cements: surface characterization and validation of the antibacterial activity Lilian Paiva1, 2, Karine Anselme2, Lydie Ploux2 and Rossana Thiré1 1 Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Brazil 2 Institut de Science de Matériaux de Mulhouse, Biomaterials and interfaces, France Glass ionomer cements (GIC) are preventive materials commonly used in the treatment of dental caries. Reducing bacterial adhesion and consequently disrupting dental plaque over these materials shall be decisive trend, since their rough surfaces induce more cariogenic plaque formation in comparison with enamel and other dental materials[1]. On the other hand, GIC are considered an important bioactive material for caries management according to minimal invasive operative interventions. The aim of this study is to evaluate preventive bacterial adhesion properties of GIC containing silver nanoparticles (AgNP)[2]. Characterization of AgNP-GIC with increasing amount of silver salt (Without Ag, Low Ag, Medium Ag and High Ag) was pursued in order to verify any significant changes on their properties. Compressive strength (CS) and net setting reaction were tested according to ISO 9917:1. Biocompatibility was evaluated by indirect MTT assay, in which human gingival fibroblasts HGF-1 (ATCC® CRL-2014™) were cultivated using the 24 h DMEM extract of the AgNP-GIC. Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation (24 h) on the surfaces of AgNP-GIC were evaluated using in situ confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and images were further analyzed with Image J and COMSTAT2 software[3]. MTT assay measured viability of S. mutans on 24 h biofilms. Higher concentration of silver in the matrix increased compressive strength of the cements, due to the anchoring of polymer chains. Besides, although physical chemical properties such as net setting time and color were slightly affected by AgNP synthesis, GIC still remained within suitable parameters for clinical use. Although High Ag was efficient in disrupting S. mutans biofilm formation and viability, it also reduced HGF-1 viability due to silver content released. Medium Ag showed to be the concentration of silver salt in which bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation parameters (biomass, mean thickness, diffusion distance and surface to bio-volume) were significantly affected compared to control, causing formation of large aggregates or web-like biofilms, and cell viabilities remained unaltered. This study developed and characterized an experimental GIC containing AgNP, which cause disruption on biofilm formation[4]. Moreover, within the limitations of this study, it appears that the experimental cement is a clinically attractive dental material due to its ability of providing silver and fluoride ions to adjacent dental tissues[5], possibly also acting as a cariostatic agent. {{AbstractFigure.1}} {{AbstractFigure.2}} {{AbstractFigure.3}} Keywords: Bacteria, nanocomposite, in vitro, nanoparticle Conference: 10th World Biomaterials Congress, Montréal, Canada, 17 May - 22 May, 2016. Presentation Type: Poster Topic: Biomaterials in dental applications Citation: Paiva L, Anselme K, Ploux L and Thiré R (2016). Silver nanoparticles in glass ionomer cements: surface characterization and validation of the antibacterial activity. Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol. Conference Abstract: 10th World Biomaterials Congress. doi: 10.3389/conf.FBIOE.2016.01.02921 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 27 Mar 2016; Published Online: 30 Mar 2016. Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Lilian Paiva Karine Anselme Lydie Ploux Rossana Thiré Google Lilian Paiva Karine Anselme Lydie Ploux Rossana Thiré Google Scholar Lilian Paiva Karine Anselme Lydie Ploux Rossana Thiré PubMed Lilian Paiva Karine Anselme Lydie Ploux Rossana Thiré Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

The cariostatic mechanisms of fluoride

This article discusses the possible cariostatic mechanisms of the action of fluoride. In the past, fluoride inhibition of caries was ascribed to reduced solubility of enamel due to incorporation of fluoride (F-) into the enamel minerals. The present evidence from clinical and laboratory studies suggests that the caries-preventive mode of action of fluoride is mainly topical. There is convincing evidence that fluoride has a major effect on demineralisation and remineralisation of dental hard tissue. The source of this fluoride could either be fluorapatite (formed due to the incorporation of fluoride into enamel) or calcium fluoride (CaF2)-like precipitates, which are formed on the enamel and in the plaque after application of topical fluoride. Calcium fluoride deposits are protected from rapid dissolution by a phosphate -protein coating of salivary origin. At lower pH, the coating is lost and an increased dissolution rate of calcium fluoride occurs. The CaF2, therefore, act as an efficient source of free fluoride ions during the cariogenic challenge. The current evidence indicates that fluoride has a direct and indirect effect on bacterial cells, although the in vivo implications of this are still not clear. A better understanding of the mechanisms of the action of fluoride is very important for caries prevention and control. The effectiveness of fluoride as a cariostatic agent depends on the availability of free fluoride in plaque during cariogenic challenge, i.e. during acid production. Thus, a constant supply of low levels of fluoride in biofilm/saliva/dental interference is considered the most beneficial in preventing dental caries.

PERANAN KASEIN DALAM PENCEGAHAN KARIES GIGI: ROLES OF CASEIN IN DENTAL CARIES PREVENTION

Dental caries is the highest prevalence disease in many countries, it is shown by many studies have been performed to solve dental caries problem. Dental caries process had develop since the teeth are going to erupt in the mouth. However, it has been proved that not all food cause dental caries. Milk product which has high milk protein such casein and calcium, could prevent demineralization. By its ion calcium penetration in soluble enamel, the remineralization process will happen. It make a biofilm coated with calcium phosphoprotein and amorph calcium phosphate formation that formed along milk digestion. So it has a possibility to become an alternative food to prevent dental caries, as anticariogenic and cariostatic agent. As examples, human breast milk, bovine milk, cheese, and yogurt that would be explained in this paper. In conclusion, milk product consumption without any sugar can inhibit caries development.

Role of titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4) in conservative dentistry: A systematic review

The role of fluoride to reduce demineralization and enhance remineralization of dental hard tissue has been well documented. Different forms of fluoride solutions have been topically used in dentistry as prophylactic agents against tooth decay. In the recent past, metal fluorides, especially titanium tetrafluoride, have become popular in the fraternity of dental research due to their unique interaction with dental hard tissue. Many studies on titanium tetrafluoride, with positive and negative conclusions, have been published in many research journals. This gives the reader a plethora of inconclusive results with one study neutralizing the outcome of other, which confuses us regarding the present status of titanium tetrafluoride in the field of dentistry. This is an endeavor to organize and present the various studies of this unique compound, to provide us with a lucid overall review of its versatile potential application in dentistry, along with its fallacy/drawbacks. We have discussed its role as a cariostatic agent, pit and fissure sealant, tooth desensitizer, against dental erosion, as a root canal irrigant and others.