Papaya Leaf Research Articles

CARICA PAPAYA L. WITH SUTURE WOUND HEALING IN MICE EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS

Background: Stitches are a condition in which skin tissue damage results from incisions or surgery and trauma. Carica Papaya Linn contains flavonoids which are efficacious as anti-inflammatory or antiseptic in inhibiting bacterial growth. Carica Papaya Linn is effective in repairing cells damaged by free radicals. The purpose of this study was to see the effectiveness of papaya leaf extract (Carica Papaya Linn) against stitches. Method: This research was quantitative research with a True Experimental design with the one group post-test method using the REEDA scale assessment. The population in this study were mice (Mus Musculus) which were divided into 5 groups, control group, nebacetin group, 5% test group, 10% test group and 15% test group. Research was conducted in the Lab. Medical Laboratory Technology at Muhammadiyah University of Sidoarjo and for making extracts from the Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Surabaya State University. Data was collected and then the results were analysed using the One Way ANOVA statistical test. Result: The results of the statistical test showed a value of P = 0.000 in the 7th day group, which means there was a difference in each group of mice and the mean results showed the lowest result was 0.2 in the 15% extract which stated the best wound healing. Conclusion : The conclusion of the study was that there was an effect of giving papaya leaf extract (Carica Papaya L.) on wound healing in experimental mice.

Pancreas Histology of Hyperglycemia of Mice (Mus musculus L.) After Treatment Basil (Ocimum x africanum Lour.) Leaf Extract and Papaya (Carica papaya L.)

Hyperglycemia is a condition in which the level of glucose in the blood is abnormally high. Hyperglycemia is caused by disturbances in the metabolic system in secreting insulin. Hyperglycemia if left unchecked can cause a disease which is usually called diabetes. Basil (Ocimum x africanum Lour.) and papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extracts can reduce blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus because they contain active compounds of flavonoids, alkaloids and tannins which function as anti-diabetics. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the effects of basil and papaya leaf in affecting the level of islet damage, and repairing pancreatic histological damage in hyperglycemic mice. This study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatment groups and 5 replications. Group K(N) as normal control, group K(+) as positive control, group K (-) as negative control, group P 1 (alloxan induced and treated with ethanol extract of basil leaves 24.5 mg/35g BW mice) 14 days oral) , P 2 group (induced by alloxan and treated with papaya leaf ethanol extract 24.5 mg/35 g BW mice (14 days oral). Data on the level of histological damage to the pancreas of hyperglycemic mice were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis method and the Wilcoxon-MannWhitney test at a significant level of 5%. Data histological appearance of the Langerhans were analyzed descriptively.The results showed basil leaf extract and papaya had an effect on the level of damage to the pancreas of mice, basil leaf extract was effective compared to papaya in histological repair of the mice pancreas

Incorporation of papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extract into cornhusk for glutinous rice snack packaging application

The present work was performed to evaluate the potency of papaya leaf extract (PLE) to improve the characteristics of cornhusk as a packaging material for glutinous rice snack (GRS). Total phenolic, tannin, and saponin contents of PLE were 7.41 ± 0.65 mgTAE/mL, 1.80 ± 0.70 mgTAE/mL, and 11.78 ± 0.36 mgDE/mL, respectively. The presence of bioactive compounds on the surface of GRS was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Characteristic bands for saponin were caused by the stretching vibration of C=O (at 1744 cm-1) as well as C‒O and C‒C vibrations (at 1051 cm-1). Tannin was identified as C‒O asymmetric stretch vibration at 1051 cm-1 and C‒H out of plane vibration at 926 and 866-867 cm-1. The antioxidant activity of PLE was found to be 49.53 ± 2.67%. The reductions of total plate counts (TPC), yeast and mould counts (YMC), and Aspergillus flavus-A. parasiticus counts on PLE-incorporated cornhusks after 24 h were in the range of 0.2 - 1.2 log CFU/cm2, and retained the loads below 2 log CFU/cm2 during 14-d storage. PLE decreased the water vapour transmission rate of the cornhusk due to the particles of the extract adhering to the cornhusk surface, as supported by the result of the scanning electron microscopy of PLE-incorporated cornhusk. The incorporation of PLE also increased elongation without reducing the tensile strength of the cornhusk significantly. There were reductions of TPC, YMC, and Aspergillus flavus-A. parasiticus counts of GRS ranging from 0.4 - 2.3 log CFU/g using PLE-incorporated cornhusks during storage. GRS rancidity was minimised by PLE-incorporated cornhusks. Owing to its bioactive compound, PLE could be incorporated into the cornhusk to improve packaging characteristics and controls microbial contamination of GRS while retarding the rancidity.

Study of the Antimicrobial Activity and Synergistic Inhibitory Activity of Carica papaya leaves extract with Antibiotics on Escherichia coli

Street food is one of the major causes of diarrhoea and gastrointestinal infections. Escherichia coli are one of the major contributors for many gastrointestinal infections. Natural sources are used to derive drugs that play striking role in the prevention and treatment of human diseases. Ayurveda has described Earandakarkati (Carica papaya) in many digestive disorders. This study was carried out to show the antimicrobial activity of Erandakarkati (Carica papaya) leaves extract alone and in combination with the antibiotics including Penicillin, Erythromycin, Piperacillin and Norfloxacin using agar strip diffusion method to see whether they produce synergistic or an antagonistic effect against street food isolated Escherichia coli and diarrhoeal ETEC strain (as a control). Carica papaya leaves extract showed antibacterial effect. The only combination of papaya leaf extract with Piperacillin resulted into a synergistic effect while the other combinations exhibited an antagonistic effect.

Carica Papaya’s Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Cancer Properties – A Review

The Carica papaya originates from the Caricaceae family, and various members of this family have been used as treatments for a range of ailments. The perennial plant C. papaya, which is currently found over the whole tropical region, is thought to have originated in the southern region of Mexico. To assess the biological activity of distinct C. papaya sections, several scientific studies have been carried out. Since ancient times, the papaya plant's many components have been employed for medicinal purposes. In this article, the process of extracting Carica papaya leaves as well as the anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties of papaya leaf activity were all things we wanted to assess. The information for this review paper, which focuses mostly on the therapeutic potential of papaya leaf extract was obtained via researching a collection of wider internet databases, including Google Scholar, PubMed, Science Direct, and Elsevier. The papaya plant, which has different parts such as fruit, leaves, seeds, bark, latex, and other substances, is very important in controlling the spread of illness. Alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, saponins, and flavonoids are just a few of the bioactive constituents in this, we focused on the papaya plant leaf's anti-cancer and anti-diabetic properties. The papaya has a wide range of therapeutic qualities. Papaya is a potent remedy, according to traditional beliefs. Biological activities have been the subject of much research. In the current review, all the pharmacological applications and activities of certain chemical components are discussed.

First report of Tomato leaf curl Karnataka virus causing papaya leaf curl disease in India

First report of <i>Tomato leaf curl Karnataka virus</i> causing papaya leaf curl disease in India

Efficacy of Selected Biocontrol Agents in Controlling Papaya Leaf Curl Disease

Efficacy of Selected Biocontrol Agents in Controlling Papaya Leaf Curl Disease

The Effects of Papaya Leaf Extract and Turmeric Extract Inclusion on Total Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Methane Gas Production in Bali Cattle

This research evaluated the effects of papaya leaf and turmeric extract supplementation on the total apparent digestibility of nutrients and methane gas production in Bali cattle. The livestock used were 18 Bali cattle that were distributed into treatment without papaya leaf and turmeric extract supplementation (P0), Supplementation of 0.0075% turmeric extract g/kg live weight/day (P1), and supplementation of 0.00375% turmeric extract per kg live weight per day + 0.00375% papaya leaf extract per kg live weight per day (P2). The basal diets were 60% elephant grass cv. Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan) and 40% concentrate. The ration provision was three per cent dry matter of body weight. The observed parameters included feed consumption, feces production, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, crude fat digestibility, crude fibre digestibility, nitrogen-free extract digestibility, and methane gas production. The research results indicated that the treatment did not significantly affect feed consumption (P&gt;0.05) but did affect crude protein digestibility, crude fibre digestibility, nitrogen-free extract digestibility, and methane gas production. This study concludes that the feeding of elephant grass cv. Taiwan (Pennisetum purpureum cv. Taiwan), with the addition of papaya leaf extract and turmeric extract, does not have a positive effect on feed consumption and feed digestibility; thus, it cannot suppress methane gas production in livestock.

Comparison Utilization of Papaya Leaf Extract (Carica papaya) and Mint Leaf Extract (Mentha piperita) in Feed on Production and Quality of Quail Egg

Phytobiotics are derivated from the plants which contains active compounds. They produce antibacterial and antioxidants activity and can improve the condition of the digestive tract. Papaya leaf extracts and mint leaf extracts have the potential as natural phytobiotics because they have antibacterial, antioxidant properties, can improve alimentary tract conditions and increase the absorption of nutrients in the feed. The aim of this study was to compare the utilization of papaya leaf extract (EDP) and mint leaf extract (EDM) in feed on the production and quality of quail egg. A hundried and fourty quails of 42 days age were arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replicates (7 quails per replicate). The treatment diets consisted of P0 = Basal diet only (Control), P1 = Basal diet + 100 ppm EDP, P2 = Basal diet + 200 ppm EDP, P3 = Basal diet + 100 ppm EDM and P4 = Basal diet + 200 ppm EDM. The results approved that mint leaf extract reduces in feed consumption, increase egg production and mass and reduce feed conversion values, in contrast the papaya leaf extract ​​produce non-significant on those variables. However, papaya leaf extract was able to increase more white index values and haugh unit ​​of quail egg, while mint leaf extract increased more yolk index values. The addition of 100 ppm mint leaf extract resulted in the highest value of egg production and egg mass. Therefore, the perfomance and quality of eggs in mint leaf group were better than papaya leaf group.

Pengaruh Pemberian Tumis Daun Pepaya terhadap Kelancaran Produksi ASI pada Ibu Nifas di TPMB IS Kabupaten Bogor

The achieving exclusive breastfeeding is difficult because breastfeeding is not smooth. This problem meant that no one could breastfeed the baby, which made breastfeeding difficult. According to the West Java Health Office, exclusive breastfeeding in Bogor City has only reached 49.95%, while exclusive breastfeeding in Bogor Regency is 45.52%, which means that exclusive breastfeeding is very low. Non-pharmacological treatment of breastfeeding can be done by giving papaya leaf vegetables. Knowing the effect of stir-fried papaya leaves on the smooth running of breast milk in puerperal mothers at TPMB IS Bogor Regency in 2022.Quasi experiment with pretest posttest approach total sample of 40 respondents. The sampling technique uses total sampling. Instruments in the study used observation sheets. Data analysis uses paired t-test to determine the effect and Wilxocon test to determine the difference in the smooth production of breast milk. The average level of smoothness of breast milk before and after sautéing papaya leaves is 1.35 and 5.85. Wilxocon test results obtained a p value of 0.000 &lt; 0.05. There is an influence of stir-frying papaya leaves on the smooth production of breast milk in postpartum mothers at TPMB IS Bogor Regency 2022. Puerperal mothers can consume sautéed papaya leaves to facilitate breast milk production

First Report of Passiflora latent virus in Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) in China.

Passion fruit (Passilora edulis, family Passifloraceae.) is an economically important fruit crop in many tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. It is widely planting in southern China, and in greenhouses throughout the country. In Mar 2022, symptoms of a viral-like infection were observed on the leaves of passion fruit plants in a 3-hectare greenhouse complex in Hohhot, China. Chlorotic lesions were observed on leaves of two vines of passion fruit and symptomatic leaves developed chlorotic spots, followed by systemic leaf chlorosis and necrosis. Dark ringed spots emerged on the surface of matured fruits (Figure 1). To confirm infectivity, mechanical transmission of the virus was performed by grinding leaves from two symptomatic passion fruit vines in 0.1M phosphate buffer pH 7, and the resulting two samples were each used to rub-inoculate carborundum-dusted leaves of three healthy passion fruit seedlings. Newly emerging leaves of inoculated plants developed mild mosaic symptoms 30-days after inoculation. Three samples from each of the two original symptomatic plants and two samples from each inoculated seedling tested positive using a Passiflora latent virus (PLV) ELISA Kit (Creative Diagnostics, USA). To further confirm the virus identity, total RNA from leaf samples from one of the original greenhouse symptomatic plants and one of the inoculated seedlings were extracted using an TaKaRa MiniBEST Viral RNA Extraction Kit (Takara, Japan). The two RNA samples were subjected to reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) tests with virus specific primers PLV-F (5'-ACACAAAACTGCGTGTTGGA-3') and PLV-R (5'-CAAGACCCACCTACCTCAGTGTG-3') (Cho et al., 2020). RT-PCR products of the expected 571 bp were obtained from both the original greenhouse sample and inoculated seedling. Amplicons were cloned into the pGEM-T Easy Vector, and two clones per sample were Sanger sequenced bidirectionally (Sangon Biotech, China), and the sequence of one clone from one of the original symptomatic sample was uploaded to NCBI (GenBank OP320922.1). This accession had 98% nucleotide sequence identity with a PLV isolate from Korea (GenBank: LC556232.1). RNA extracts from two asymptomatic samples tested negative for PLV with both ELISA and RT-PCR tests. We also tested the original symptomatic sample for common occurring passion fruit viruses, including passion fruit woodiness virus (PWV), cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), east asian passiflora virus (EAPV), telosma mosaic virus (TeMV), papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus (PaLCuGdV), and the RT-PCR results were negative for those viruses. However, based on the systemic leaf chlorosis and necrosis symptoms, we cannot preclude a mixed infestation of other viruses. PLV affects fruit quality and has high potential to reduce market value. To our knowledge, this is the first report of PLV in China, which could provide a reference basis to PLV identification, prevention and control. Acknowledgments This research was carried out with the support of Inner Mongolia Normal University High-level Talents Scientific Research Startup Project (Grant no. 2020YJRC010). Supplementary material Figure 1. Mottle, leaf distortion, puckering symptoms on old leaf (A), mild puckering symptom on young leaf (B), and ring-striped spots symptoms on fruit (C) of the PLV infected passion fruit plant in China.

Assessment of the Decontamination and Disinfecting Potentials of C. Papaya Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles on Water and Wastewater Samples

The presence of organic, inorganic and biological pollutants in natural water supply are the major indices of water pollution. The application of green nanoparticles in water treatment is one of the promising ways of eradicating these pollutants and providing safe and quality water for domestic, agricultural and industrial purposes. Our research was intended to evaluate the decontamination and disinfecting potentials of C. papaya silver nanoparticles on water and wastewater samples. The green silver nanoparticles were formed using aqueous C. papaya leaf extract and characterized using standard nanotechnological techniques while decontamination and disinfecting potentials of the green silver nanoparticles were examined through physicochemical, heavy metal and bacteriological analysis. The results revealed the spectral and morphological profiles were in conformity with the characteristics of silver nanocrystals. There were significant reductions (P &lt; 0.05) in physicochemical, heavy metal and bacterial qualities of the four water samples at higher (0.5 mg/L) and lower (0.25 mg/L) doses of the green silver nanoparticles and their decontamination and disinfection efficiencies were comparable to the positive control calcium hypochlorite. These findings suggest that C. papaya silver nanoparticles could be exploited in restoring the quality of water and wastewater.

First Report of Passiflora Latent Virus Infecting Passion Fruit (Passiflora edulis) in South Korea.

Passion fruit (Passiflora edulis) viral diseases caused by papaya leaf curl Guangdong virus, cucumber mosaic virus, East Asian Passiflora virus, and euphorbia leaf curl virus have been reported in South Korea (Joa et al. 2018; Kim et al. 2018). In June 2021, virus-like symptoms, e.g., mosaic pattern, curling, chlorosis, and deformation, were observed on leaves and fruits of greenhouse-grown P. edulis in Iksan, South Korea, with disease incidence greater than 2% (300 plants: 8 symptomatic plants and 292 asymptomatic plants). Total RNA was extracted from a pooled sample of symptomatic leaves of an individual P. edulis plant using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany), and a transcriptome library was generated using the TruSeq Stranded Total RNA LT Sample Prep Kit (Illumina, San Diego, CA). Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) was performed using the Illumina NovaSeq 6000 system (Macrogen Inc., Korea). De novo assembly of the resulting 121,154,740 reads was performed using Trinity (Grabherr et al. 2011). A total of 70,895 contigs was assembled (>200 bp) and annotated against the NCBI viral genome database using BLASTn (ver. 2.12.0). One 827-nt contig was annotated as milk vetch dwarf virus (MVDV), a member of the genus Nanovirus in the family Nanoviridae (Bangladesh isolate, acc. no. LC094159, 96.0% nucleotide identity), and the other 3,639-nt contig corresponded to Passiflora latent virus (PLV), a member of the genus Carlavirus in the family Betaflexiviridae (Israel isolate, acc. no. DQ455582, 90.0% nucleotide identity). For further confirmation, total RNA was isolated from symptomatic leaves of the same P. edulis used for NGS analysis using a viral gene spin DNA/RNA extraction kit (iNtRON Biotechnology, Seongnam, Korea), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using specific primers: PLV-F/R (5'-GTGCCCACCGAACATGTTACCTC-3'/5'-CCATGCACTTGGAATGCTTACCC-3') targeting the coat protein region of PLV, MVDV-M-F/R (5'-CTAGTCAGCCATCCAATGGTG-3'/5'-GTGCAGGGTTTGATTGTCTGC-3') targeting the movement protein region, and MVDV-S-F/R (5'-GGATTTTAATACGCGTGGACGATC-3'/5'-AACGGCTATAAGTCACTCCGTAC-3') targeting the coat protein region of MVDV. An expected PCR product of 518 bp corresponding to PLV was amplified, while MVDV was not detected. The amplicon was directly sequenced, and its nucleotide sequence was deposited in GenBank (acc. no. OK274270). A BLASTn analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence of the PCR product shared 93.0% and 96.2% identity with PLV isolates from Israel (MH379331) and Germany (MT723990), respectively. In addition, six passion fruit leaves and two fruit samples with PLV-like symptoms were collected from a total of eight plants grown in the greenhouse in Iksan for RT-PCR analysis, and six samples tested positive for PLV. However, PLV was not detected in one leaf and one fruit among all samples. Mechanical sap inoculation was conducted using extracts of systemic leaves as inoculum on P. edulis and the indicator plants Chenopodium quinoa, Nicotiana benthamiana, N. glutinosa, and N. tabacum. In P. edulis, vein chlorosis and yellowing on systemic leaves were observed 20 days post inoculation (dpi). Necrotic local lesions were observed on inoculated leaves of N. benthamiana and N. glutinosa 15 dpi, and PLV infection was confirmed by RT-PCR assay in symptomatic leaf tissue. This study aimed to determine whether commercially grown passion fruit in the southern part of South Korea could be infected with and potentially spread PLV. Whereas PLV was asymptomatic in persimmon (Diospyros kaki) in South Korea, no pathogenicity testing in passion fruit was reported (Cho et al. 2021). Here, we have shown the natural infection of passion fruit with PLV in South Korea for the first time and associated infection with obvious symptoms. This suggests a need to evaluate potential losses in passion fruit and the selection of healthy propagation material.

A randomized, open-label, controlled, parallel-group comparative study of two varieties of Carica papaya leaves in dengue-induced thrombocytopenia

Background: Dengue-induced thrombocytopenia can be life-threatening. However, supportive and symptomatic treatment is the current management protocol. The leaf extract of papaya has shown promising results in improving the platelet count. There are many varieties of Carica papaya such as Washington, Honeydew, Coorg honeydew, Solo, Surya, Red lady, C0-1, CO-3, CO-5, C0-6. Aims and Objectives: The aim is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two varieties (“Red Lady” and “Solo”) of C. papaya fresh leaf extract in patients diagnosed with dengue-induced thrombocytopenia. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted for 2 months, and 18 dengue-confirmed inpatients with thrombocytopenia (platelet count &lt;1,50,000/μL) were enrolled. The study participants were grouped into the standard “Control” group, “Solo” group who received fresh papaya leaf extract “Solo” and “Red Lady” group who received fresh papaya leaf extract of “Red Lady.” About 30 mL of leaf extract was given thrice daily for 5 days. Results: The mean change from the baseline value of platelets was found to be 59,168/µL for the control group and 57,000/µL for Red Lady, and 93,167/µL for the solo group. The study showed a positive trend with improvement in platelet count in “Solo” Variety group when compared to “Red Lady” group and the control group. The safety results showed that both the papaya leaf extracts have a favorable safety profile. Conclusion: There was an improvement in platelet count in “Solo” variety group when compared to “Red Lady” and the control group. However, the results were not statistically significant. No adverse events were observed during the study.

Laju Korosi Logam Baja Karbon Rendah di Larutan Garam pada Berbagai Konsentrasi Inhibitor Korosi dari Ekstrak Daun Pepaya

Papaya leaf extract could be used as an organic corrosion inhibitor. Corrosion inhibitors were used as a method to reduce corrosion rate. The most corrosive environment was the marine environment. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of papaya (Carica papaya) leaf extract inhibitor which could reduce the corrosion rate of low carbon steel in a 3.56% NaCl solution environment. The maceration process was carried out for 24 hours with 70% ethanol solvent with a solute:solvent ratio of 1:8 (w/v) at room temperature. Inhibitor extracts were analyzed qualitatively with the phytochemical method. The addition of FeCl3 was carried out on the inhibitor extract from papaya leaves. The color change occurred from blackish brown to greenish black which indicated the presence of tannin compounds in the papaya leaf extract. Corrosion testing was carried out with hot stream temperature setting at 45⁰C to 55⁰C and concentrations of inhibitor extracts at 300, 600, and 900 ppm. The test was conducted for 36 hours with a span of metal mass every 6 hours. Corrosion rate calculation is done by weight loss method. The results showed that papaya leaf extract inhibitors positive contained corrosion inhibitor and could reduce the corrosion rate in 3.56% NaCl solution. The corrosion rate without inhibitor is 1.023 mmpy. Corrosion rates with inhibitor concentrations of 300, 600, and 900 ppm were 0.755, 0.585, and 0.438 mmpy, respectively.

Fermented water of Thai herbs effectively enhanced amputated fin regeneration in Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens)

The aggression of Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) during courtship and reproductive behaviors can result in torn fins. However, the natural regeneration of torn fins has been significantly improved by treating fish with fermented water of plants. We amputated half of the caudal fin of male Siamese fighting fish (1.29 ± 0.01 g body weight) in the vertical plane. The amputated fish were individually reared in fermented water containing eight combinations of herbs that included dried Indian almond (Terminalia catappa) leaf (IAL, 0.25 g L−1), dried banana (Musa sapientum) leaf (BL, 1.5 g L−1), and dried papaya (Carica papaya) leaf (PL, 2.5 g L−1) as major ingredients. Other ingredients included dried lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) leaf (LL, 1 g L−1), dried clay (50 g L−1), and salt (5 g L−1). For comparison, other fish were reared in non-fermented water. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design for five weeks, comprising fifteen fish per treatment. Individual fish served as experimental units. Fin regeneration was monitored weekly while growth performance was recorded at the end of the trial. The herbal treatments had no effects on growth, body morphometrics, and feed utilization (P > 0.05). However, fin regeneration was statistically improved for the fish reared in combinations of IAL, BL, and PL (P < 0.05). Among these alternative treatments, red color intensity was fully redeveloped in fish reared in three herbal treatments (P < 0.05) that all contained dried papaya leaf (BL + PL, IAL + PL, and IAL + BL + PL). Therefore, those three treatments effectively enhanced fin regeneration.

A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Effect of Papaya Leaf on Dengue Fever among Women Under Makkalakotta Urban PHC at Mysore with a View to Prepare Information Guide

A Study to Assess the Knowledge Regarding Effect of Papaya Leaf on Dengue Fever among Women Under Makkalakotta Urban PHC at Mysore with a View to Prepare Information Guide

PENGARUH RASIO TEPUNG TAPIOKA DAN SERBUK DAUN PEPAYA (Carica papaya L.) PADA PEMBUATAN KUE SEMPRIT TERHADAP SIFAT FISIK DAN KIMIA

Papaya leaf are not one of the richest natural resources in Indonesia which is the utilization is not optimal. One way to optimize the utilization of papaya leaf is to process papaya leaf into powder. Papaya leaf powder will be applied to processed pastries that add variety to semprit cake. The purpose of making a semprit cake with a ratio of tapioca flour and papaya leaf powder is to variety of semprit cake in texture, color, water content and protein content. This research was an experimental study using a completely randomized design (CRD) research method with one factor (ratio of tapioca flour and papaya leaf powder). The factors used were 95%: 5%, 90%: 10%, 85%: 15%. The data from this research were statistically tested using One Way ANOVA and continued with the DMRT (Duncan’s Multiple Range Test) test if there was a significant difference. The results of statistical analysis showed significant differences in protein content, brightness level, yellowness level and texture.

Effect of different forms of Carica papaya leaf processing techniques on growth, body indices and survival rate of red hybrid tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus × Oreochromis niloticus

The use of natural products as additives in the production of aquaculture feed stimulates appetite, improves growth performance, and strengthens the immune defense mechanism in numerous aquaculture species. This study was conducted to determine the effect of various Carica papaya leaf processing techniques on the growth performance, body indices, and survival of red hybrid tilapia with an initial body weight of 2.371.0 ± 0.036 g. Four isonitrogenous (360.00 gkg−1) and isolipidic (80.00 gkg−1) diets were formulated and fed to red hybrid tilapia in triplicate groups for 12 weeks using a completely randomized experimental design. Papaya leaf inclusion in the formulated diets varied based on processing method: control (0%), commercial papaya leaf extract (1%), oven-dried papaya leaf powder (2%), and freeze-dried papaya leaf extract (2%). Regardless of processing method, the final weight of fish fed a diet containing papaya leaves was significantly greater (P 0.05) than that of the control group. However, there was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in growth performance between papaya leaf processing techniques. Similarly, the weight gain, specific growth rate, and feed conversion ratio did not differ significantly (P > 0.05) between groups supplemented with papaya leaf. In addition, the viscero-somatic index, hepato-somatic index, and survival rates were not affected (P > 0.05) by the different leaf processing techniques. Despite the fact that Carica papaya leaf processing techniques had no effect on the performance of Carica papaya leaves as functional feed additives, oven-drying is recommended due to the lower production cost. Similar to commercially produced and freeze-dried papaya leaf extracts, oven-dried papaya leaves containing 2% inclusion can be used as a dietary feed supplement in aquaculture.

Effect of selected plant extracts on phytochemical, antioxidant, physicochemical and sensory properties of yoghurt

Health conscious consumers are investing in food products containing functional ingredients. The study investigates the effect of addition of selected plant extracts on phytochemical, antioxidant activity, physicochemical and consumer acceptability of yoghurt. Yoghurts were produced from 70% raw cow milk and 30% skimmed milk powder with 10% (v/v) of Cymbopogon citratus leaf, Carica papaya leaf, Sorghum bicolour stalk or Ocimum gratisimum infusion added before the fermentation stage. The yoghurt sample without the infusion served as the control. The yoghurt samples were analysed 1 day after production for phytochemical and antioxidant properties and after 1, 7, 14 and 21 days of refrigeration at 4°C for titratable acidity, pH, syneresis, colour and sensorial quality using standard methods. Total polyphenol content ranged from 0.04 to 0.12 mg GAE/100mL and alkaloid content ranged from 1.25% to 3.36% with the least value reported in the control sample, respectively. Similarly, antioxidant activity ranged from 13.88% to 45.74% with the highest value in yoghurt with the pawpaw leaf extract. The addition of various plant extracts resulted in lower pH, increased syneresis but no effect on the titratable acidity during storage period. The colour attributes (L*, a*, b*) showed significant differences (p≤0.05) among the samples over the storage period. Considering overall consumer acceptability, the control sample was most preferred. Functional milk product has potential to expand the application of endangered species of plant food material in the dairy industry.