Career Levels Research Articles

Transformational leadership improves nursing documentation self-efficacy

Transformational leadership improves nursing documentation self-efficacy

Policing and Justice in Island Communities

Research focusing on policing and the justice systems from an island perspective is available, but extremely rare. Additionally, available research on policing and justice systems in island contexts is usually conducted by non-island scholars using a limited frame of reference on ‘islandness’. It is, however, academically imprecise and improper to universalise scholarship from countries with large land masses onto islands with unique topographies and challenges. This thematic section highlights the inherent qualities of policing and justice systems in island communities by engaging with the existing body of island studies literature and through theoretically informed and methodologically appropriate research conducted by scholars at a mix of career levels. The authors in this thematic section present their scholarly efforts from diverse perspectives and contribute to decolonization efforts in island studies. Ultimately, the articles call for a move away from colonial epistemology and hegemony in knowledge production. In sum, this thematic section contributes to the emergent body of literature on both policing and the justice systems and studies on island communities.

Practical and Pertinent: Describing the Need for Meaningful Professional Development Among Agricultural Educators

Practical and Pertinent: Describing the Need for Meaningful Professional Development Among Agricultural Educators

Globalization trends in the development of modern sports: positive and negative consequences

In today's changing world and, in particular, the sports world, the delineation of the consequences of the influence of integration processes in their practical application is becoming more and more important. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the positive and negative consequences of the influence of globalization processes on the development of modern sports. A complex of methods was used: analysis and generalization of special literature, documentary and informational sources and Internet materials. The literary sources of domestic and foreign specialists are analyzed. The main positive and negative consequences of the influence of globalization processes on the functioning of modern sports are determined. Positive consequences: improving the system of training athletes as a whole and increasing the level of preparation and sportsmanship of individual athletes, the opportunity for athletes and coaches to improve their level of sports career, the level of their family's living conditions, to receive a decent financial reward for their own skills and achievements, a significant increase in the level conducting contests and competing in them. Negative consequences: outflow of talented athletes, coaches and other specialists, concentration of highly qualified athletes in leading clubs, leagues and countries, uncontrolled selection of athletes. The main globalization processes that have a positive and negative impact on the functioning of sports are identified: the holding of mega-sports events, information and communication technologies, migration processes, etc. Taking into account and applying positive globalization processes makes it possible to support and develop the sports system, especially high achievements in the difficult conditions of the war in Ukraine. First of all, this is an opportunity to implement a system of training in international centers and participate in competitions abroad. Taking into account the problems of negative consequences can make it possible to mitigate some of them, and possibly eliminate them.

The gender citation gap: Why and how it matters.

The weight of evidence suggests that articles written by men and women receive citations at comparable rates. This suggests that research quality or gender-based bias in research evaluation and citing behaviors may not be the reason why academic women accumulate fewer citations than men at the career level. In this article, I outline a career perspective that highlights women's disadvantages in career progression as the root causes for the gender citation gap. I also consider how the gender citation gap may perpetuate the unequal pay between genders in science. My analysis of two different datasets, one including paper and citation information for over 130,000 highly cited scholars during the 1996-2020 period and another including citation and salary information for nearly 2,000 Canadian scholars over the 2014-2019 period, shows several important findings. First, papers written by women on average receive more citations than those written by men. Second, the gender citation gap grows larger with time as men and women progress in their careers, but the opposite pattern holds when research productivity and collaborative networks are considered. Third, higher citations lead to higher pay, and gender differences in citations explain a significant share of the gender wage gap. Findings demonstrate the critical need for more attention toward gender differences in career progression when investigating the causes and solutions for gender disparities in science.

Work expectations, their fulfillment, and exhaustion among radiologists of all career levels: what can be learned from the example of Germany

ObjectivesTo evaluate work expectations of radiologists at different career levels, their fulfillment, prevalence of exhaustion, and exhaustion-associated factors.MethodsA standardized digital questionnaire was distributed internationally to radiologists of all career levels in the hospital and in ambulatory care via radiological societies and sent manually to 4500 radiologists of the largest German hospitals between December 2020 and April 2021. Statistics were based on age- and gender-adjusted regression analyses of respondents working in Germany (510 out of 594 total respondents).ResultsThe most frequent expectations were “joy at work” (97%) and a “good working atmosphere” (97%), which were considered fulfilled by at least 78%. The expectation of a “structured residency within the regular time interval” (79%) was more frequently judged fulfilled by senior physicians (83%, odds ratio (OR) 4.31 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 1.95–9.52]), chief physicians (85%, 6.81 [95% CI 1.91–24.29]), and radiologists outside the hospital (88%, 7.59 [95% CI 2.40–24.03]) than by residents (68%). Exhaustion was most common among residents (physical exhaustion: 38%; emotional exhaustion: 36%), in-hospital specialists (29%; 38%), and senior physicians (30%; 29%). In contrast to paid extra hours, unpaid extra hours were associated with physical exhaustion (5–10 extra hours: OR 2.54 [95% CI 1.54–4.19]). Fewer opportunities to shape the work environment were related to a higher probability of physical (2.03 [95% CI 1.32–3.13]) and emotional (2.15 [95% CI 1.39–3.33]) exhaustion.ConclusionsWhile most radiologists enjoy their work, residents wish for more training structure. Ensuring payment of extra hours and employee empowerment may help preventing burnout in high-risk groups.Key Points• Most important work expectations of radiologists who work in Germany are “joy at work,” a “good working atmosphere,” “support for further qualification,” and a “structured residency within the regular time interval,” with the latter containing potential for improvement according to residents.• Physical and emotional exhaustion are common at all career levels except for chief physicians and for radiologists who work outside the hospital in ambulatory care.• Exhaustion as a major burnout criterion is associated with unpaid extra hours and reduced opportunities to shape the work environment.

Reliability of the 44-question Home Fall Hazard Assessment Tool and personal characteristics associated with home hazards among the Thai elderly

Background: The 44-question Thai Home Fall Hazard Assessment Tool (Thai-HFHAT) was developed to assist healthcare professionals in identifying the risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly from their home environment. However, the reliability of this tool has not been studied. This study aimed to examine the reliability of the 44-question Thai-HFHAT and determine the personal characteristics associated with home hazards. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used to evaluate interrater reliability. The participants in this study were 51 elderly people from various types of Thai houses: a one-story elevated house, a one-story non-elevated house, and a house with two or more floors, 51 caregivers of elderly patients, and 5 village health volunteers (VHV). A prospective design was used to evaluate test-retest reliability with older people at different times in their homes. All participants answered 44 Thai-HFHAT questions to determine inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities. The reliabilities were analyzed using an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Personal characteristics including sex, occupation, and education were used to identify the factors affecting home hazards, and linear regression was used to analyze. Results: The ICC of inter-rater reliability of the 44-question Thai-HFHAT was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.84) and the test-retest reliability was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64-0.88) for the elderly, 0.80 (95% CI: 0.65-0.89) for the caregivers and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.477-0.83) for the VHV. Personal business career and education level grades 1-3 are less than 0.05, which showed these factors had a significant relationship with the 44-question Thai-HFHAT score as the dependent variable. Conclusions: The 44-question Thai-HFHAT is suitable for home hazard assessment among the elderly in Thailand. Further studies are needed to investigate changes in the house environment after using the 44-question Thai-HFHAT to determine which changes can reduce fall risk.

Self-disclosure (Keterbukaan Diri) dan Quarter-life Crisis (Krisis Seperempat Abad) Mahasiswa Psikologi

Introduction: Quarter-life crisis is an individual who enters the period of emerging adulthood without stopping questioning the future, confused in dealing with problems, and reflecting a lot on the past to see whether his life up to now is in accordance with the life he dreamed of. This crisis is most intense in their twenties and often occurs in someone who is in the transition phase from education to the next career level, for example, a final year student. Therefore, it is necessary to find a way to reduce the negative impacts that arise, which is by knowing more about the situation that being experienced by self disclosure. This study aimed to determine whether there is a relationship between self-disclosure and quarter-life crisis in final year students. Methods:This research was observasional analytics with cross-sectional design. Subject in this research was psychology student at UNS in year 2018, amounted to 46 people who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Sampling was done by pusposive sampling technique. The level of self-disclosure was measured by filling out the Self-disclosure questionnaire, while the degree of quarter-life crisis was measured by the Quarter-life Crisis questionnaire. The data obtained were then analyzed by spearman rank correlation test. Results: This study showed a significant and negative relationship between the level of self-disclosure with quarter-life crisis (sig f=0,049) Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, there was a moderate relationship between the level of self-disclosure and quarter-life crisis on psychology students Universitas Sebelas Maret year 2018, where the higher level of self-disclosure, the lower level of quarter-life crisis.

Management and Leadership Development in Healthcare Professionals

leadership; Nepal; public health; training activities.

Cultivating a culture of inclusivity in heliophysics

A large number of heliophysicists from across career levels, institution types, and job titles came together to support a poster at Heliophysics 2050 and the position papers for the 2024 Heliophysics decadal survey titled “Cultivating a Culture of Inclusivity in Heliophysics,” “The Importance of Policies: It’s not just a pipeline problem,” and “Mentorship within Heliophysics.” While writing these position papers, the number of people who privately shared disturbing stories and experiences of bullying and harassment was shocking. The number of people who privately expressed how burned out they were was staggering. The number of people who privately spoke about how they considered leaving the field for their and their family’s health was astounding. And for as much good there is in our community, it is still a toxic environment for many. If we fail to do something now, our field will continue to suffer. While acknowledging the ongoing growth that we as individuals must work toward, we call on our colleagues to join us in working on organizational, group, and personal levels toward a truly inclusive culture, for the wellbeing of our colleagues and the success of our field. This work includes policies, processes, and commitments to promote: accountability for bad actors; financial security through removing the constant anxiety about funding; prioritization of mental health and community through removing constant deadlines and constant last-minute requests; a collaborative culture rather than a hyper-competitive one; and a community where people can thrive as whole persons and do not have to give up a healthy or well-rounded life to succeed.

Conception and Interpretation of Interdisciplinarity in Research Practice: Findings from Group Discussions in the Emerging Field of Digital Transformation

In recent years, we have been observing the phenomenon of an emerging scientific field: digital transformation research (DTR). Due to the diversity and complexity of its object of research digital, transformation is not effectively researchable if confined to the boundaries of individual disciplines. In the light of Scientific/Intellectual Movement theory (Frickel and Gross 2005), we wonder how interdisciplinarity could and should be mobilized to further advance the development of the field of DTR. To answer this question, we (a) need to understand how interdisciplinarity is conceived and (b) how it is considered in research practice by researchers in the emerging field. This is important, as scientists’ application of interdisciplinarity will highly influence an emerging field, shape its growth, consolidation as well as its academic establishment. We conducted six group discussions with 26 researchers from different disciplines and career levels (PhD students, postdocs, professors). The discussions were studied with a structuring qualitative content analysis. The results reflect the vagueness of the concept of interdisciplinarity. Interdisciplinarity is largely conceived as multidisciplinarity. Further, the interviewees mentioned more challenges than opportunities when it comes to interdisciplinary DTR. The present study widens the scientific understanding about how researchers of different career levels perceive, learn, and practice interdisciplinarity in DTR. It further provides valuable indications of how interdisciplinary research in an emerging field can be profitably shaped for practice.

Is quality of movement a factor that affects reaching the professional level in elite young football players?

Objective: The aim of the study was to examine whether the proportion of young elite football players with high functional movement screening (FMS) scores and reaching professionalism differs from the proportion of young elite football players with low FMS scores and non-professionals. Materials and Methods: Fifty-seven players were included in the study. The health files of the participants were retrospectively scanned. Physical information and FMS scores were recorded in the data form. The level of football career of the participants as of March 2022 was assessed on the website of the Turkish Football Federation. FMS scores were compared by dividing the participants into two groups as those with- and without professional football license. Results: The proportion of participants with a score above the FMS cut-off score and reaching the professional level was higher than the rate of non-professional participants with a score above the FMS cut-off score (p˂0.05). Conclusion: The quality of movement in young elite football players may be a determinant for being a professional football player. For this reason, starting from an early age, measuring the quality of movement regularly and trying to improve it may be important in realizing the career goals of elite young football players.

A developmental approach to diversifying neuroscience through effective mentorship practices: perspectives on cross-identity mentorship and a critical call to action.

Many early-career neuroscientists with diverse identities may not have mentors who are more advanced in the neuroscience pipeline and have a congruent identity due to historic biases, laws, and policies impacting access to education. Cross-identity mentoring relationships pose challenges and power imbalances that impact the retention of diverse early career neuroscientists, but also hold the potential for a mutually enriching and collaborative relationship that fosters the mentee's success. Additionally, the barriers faced by diverse mentees and their mentorship needs may evolve with career progression and require developmental considerations. This article provides perspectives on factors that impact cross-identity mentorship from individuals participating in Diversifying the Community of Neuroscience (CNS)-a longitudinal, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) R25 neuroscience mentorship program developed to increase diversity in the neurosciences. Participants in Diversifying CNS were comprised of 14 graduate students, postdoctoral fellows, and early career faculty who completed an online qualitative survey on cross-identity mentorship practices that impact their experience in neuroscience fields. Qualitative survey data were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis and resulted in four themes across career levels: (1) approach to mentorship and interpersonal dynamics, (2) allyship and management of power imbalance, (3) academic sponsorship, and (4) institutional barriers impacting navigation of academia. These themes, along with identified mentorship needs by developmental stage, provide insights mentors can use to better support the success of their mentees with diverse intersectional identities. As highlighted in our discussion, a mentor's awareness of systemic barriers along with active allyship are foundational for their role.

Reduced Immune Fitness and Job Performance: Absenteeism, Presenteeism, and Associated Costs for the Dutch Economy.

Reduced immune fitness can have a significant negative impact on work performance. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the impact of reduced immune fitness on job performance and associated costs for the Dutch economy. Data from n = 425 Dutch working adults (18-65 years old) who completed an online survey were analyzed to evaluate the number of days of absenteeism (not going to work) and presenteeism (working while sick) due to reduced immune fitness, and the performance level on days worked with reduced immune fitness. Data from for the year 2019 were analyzed. Participants reported 2.9 absenteeism days and 19 presenteeism days, with an average performance reduction of 22.8% when working on days with reduced immune fitness. Significantly more days of absenteeism and presenteeism were reported by women, individuals with a poorer immune fitness, and those with underlying disease. Performance impairment on days worked while experiencing reduced immune fitness was significantly greater among individuals with a younger age at the junior career level, those with underlying disease, and among highly educated individuals. The associated costs of reduced immune fitness were estimated at €4.3 billion for absenteeism and €6.4 billion for presenteeism. Together, the costs of reduced immune fitness for the Dutch economy in 2019 were estimated at €10.7 billion. These findings demonstrate that reduced immune fitness has a significant negative impact on the Dutch economy.

CEO's Childhood Experience of Natural Disaster and CSR Activities.

Interest in the drivers of firms' corporate social responsibility (CSR) is growing. However, little is known about the influence of a CEO's childhood experience of natural disasters on CSR. Using archival data, we explore this relationship by offering three mechanisms that may account for how the CEO's childhood experience of natural disaster is related to their CSR. More specifically, while prior research has established a positive relationship based on the post-traumatic growth theory, we show that the dual mechanisms of prosocial values and a CEO's risk aversion explain the positive relationship. We further find that the positive relationship is stronger (1) when CEOs have longer career horizons and (2) when community social capital is high. This study contributes to both research and managerial implications on the topics of CEO's childhood experience and CSR. In particular, this study advances the upper echelon theory by revealing that a CEO's childhood experience of natural disaster is a useful yet relatively underexplored variable that can help explain the substantial variations in firms' CSR. Moreover, we emphasize that a CEO's career horizons and level of community social capital are important variables that further amplify the effect of a CEO's childhood experience of natural disaster on the firm's CSR commitment.

Reliability of the 44-question Home Fall Hazard Assessment Tool and personal characteristics associated with home hazards among the Thai elderly

Background: The 44-question Thai Home Fall Hazard Assessment Tool (Thai-HFHAT) was developed to assist healthcare professionals in identifying the risk of falls among community-dwelling elderly from their home environment. However, the reliability of this tool has not been studied. This study aimed to examine reliability of the 44-question Thai-HFHAT and determine the person characteristics associated with home hazards. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was used for this research. The participants in this study were 51 elderly people from various types of Thai houses: a one-story elevated house, a one-story non-elevated house, and a house with two or more floors, 51 caregivers of elderly patients and 5 village health volunteers (VHV). All participants answered 44 Thai-HFHAT questions to determine inter-rater and test-retest reliabilities. The reliabilities were analyzed using an intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC). Personal characteristics including sex, occupation, and education were used to identify the factors affecting home hazard and linear regression was used to analyze. Results: The ICC of inter-rater reliability of the 44-question Thai-HFHAT was 0.74 (95% CI: 0.57-0.84) and the test-retest reliability was 0.80 (95% CI: 0.64-0.88) for the elderly, 0.80 (95% CI: 0.65-0.89) for the caregivers and 0.70 (95% CI: 0.477-0.83) for the VHV. Personal business career and education level grade 1-3 are less than 0.05, which showed these factors had a significant relationship with the 44-question Thai-HFHAT score as dependent variable. Conclusions: The 44-question Thai-HFHAT is suitable for the home hazards assessment among the elderly in Thailand. Further studies are needed to investigate changes in the house environment after using the 44-question Thai-HFHAT to determine which changes can reduce the risk of fall.

Effects of Credentials, Competence, Career Levels and Professionalism on the Satisfaction among Nurses in Psychiatric Hospital, Surakarta Central Java, Indonesia

Background: Job satisfaction among nurses may be influenced by competency, education, income level, or the work environment, such as the type of facility, management, professional or career deve-lopment, and access to resources. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of credentials, competence, career levels, and professionalism on the satisfaction among nurses in mental hospital. Subjects and Method: This was an analytic observational study with a cross sectional design. The study was conducted in Surakarta, Central Java, from September to October 2022. A sample of 215 nurses from 22 Surakarta Mental Hospital was selected for this study. The dependent variable was satisfaction of nurses. The independent variables were credential, competence, career levels, and profesionalism. The data were collected by questionnaire and analyzed by a multivariate linear regression. Results: Education master or doctor (b= 0.05; 95% CI= 0.03 to 0.15; p= 0.02), income (b= 1.47; 95% CI= 0.10 to 0.78; p= 0.04), competence (b= 1.20; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.32; p= 0.002), career levels (b= 1.08; 95% CI= 0.05 to 0.35; p= 0.007), professionalism (b= 0.22; 95% CI= 0.06 to 0.10; p= 0.005) increased satisfaction and it was statistically significant. Credentials (b= 1.11; 95% CI= 0.006 to 0.67; p= 0.08), increased satisfaction, but it was statistically non-significant. Conclusion: Job satisfaction among nurses increases with high career levels, good competence, good professionalism, good credential, education ≥Diploma III, and high income. Keywords: career levels, competence, credential, job satisfaction, professionalism, nurse. Correspondence:Suminanto. Masters Program of Management, Universitas Islam Batik Surakarta, Indonesia. Jl. Agus Salim 10, Sondakan, Laweyan, Surakarta, Central Java 57147. Email: mr.nannto@gmail.com. Mobile: +62 812-2606-925. Journal of Health Policy and Management (2023), 08(01): 23-29 https://doi.org/10.26911/thejhpm.2023.08.01.03

Attitudes and Perceived Barriers to Research Among Residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology in Trinidad and Tobago: A National Multicenter Cross-sectional Study.

High-quality research forms the basis of evidence-based practice and sets the foundation for trainees to develop critical thinking skills and approach clinical problems with an inquisitive mind. The attitudes to research however vary widely and there are significant barriers to conducting research relevant to each clinical discipline. Understanding both the attitudes of residents to research and the barriers to conducting research could allow for strategies to improve this core aspect of clinical development. This aim of this study was to characterise current attitudes and perceived barriers towards conducting research among residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology in Trinidad and Tobago. An online survey was sent to all residents in the four major public hospitals in Trinidad and Tobago. The 10-min previously piloted questionnaire contained questions related to demographics, career level, research experience, attitudes to research as well as perceived barriers to conducting research. The response rate was 74% (48/65). Although most (77%) respondents were interested in performing research, lack of time (56%) and insufficient training in research (59%) were the main barriers. Lack of mentorship or supervision as well as departmental issues such as access to case notes, electronic databases and bureaucratic issues were also found to hamper a research-oriented environment. For residents in Obstetrics and Gynecology, curricula revision is urgently required to include protected research time, training in research methodology, formal and dedicated research mentors in order to promote a research-oriented culture that ensures a greater understanding and output of research in this specialty.

The Role of Artificial Intelligence Technology on English Language Learning: A Literature Review

The word (AI) stands for artificial intelligence, a computer-based simulation of human intelligence meant to act like humans. AI is one of the driving forces behind the 4.0 industrial revolution, making teaching and learning more accessible in schools. This study aims to understand the function of AI in ELT and examine AI technologies in ELT. This is a library research project. The findings indicate that AI provides a positive learning environment for learning English. Depending on the learner's current level of English, career needs, or hobbies, it has much potential to create a customized environment where students can simultaneously use their senses to learn English. AI boosts practical abilities like writing and offers a trustworthy simulation dialogue platform like spoken English. It maximizes the teaching impact of English in ELT while increasing students' practice ability. With the advancement of technology and platforms, learning English has gotten simpler. Artificial intelligence technology provides the chance to enhance English linguistic competence. Students may comprehend English more quickly because many different learning technologies are available. Students get access to a wide variety of ELT apps that are built on AI technology. These technologies include Google Translate, Text to Speech (TTS), EnglishAble, Orai, Elsa, Chatbot, Duolingo, Neo platforms, and many others. Using a method that computers and mobile devices can use, these intelligent machines can mimic intelligence and make decisions as people do.

국제개발협력 경력사다리에 대한 대학생의 선호도 분석

This study aims to analyze the relationship in each level of Career Ladder preference based on the results of career preference survey with 100 university students, and intends to bring the implications for creating development cooperation ecosystem. The study helps systematize the constitution of career ladder, ODA human resource development, and support job seekers’ career development paths. This study employs AHP analysis based on the survey results to produce the career ladder preference for each level, and conducts a comparative analysis of preference average and preference regression analysis. As a result of the analysis, it identifies the preference within each level of Career Ladder and finds statistically significant preference depending on individuals’ characteristics. When it comes to the relationship between career levels, university students, who would like to work at KOICA and the International Organizations, have different career preferences in the Level 1 and 2, respectively. As career preferences in Level 1-2 are interconnected with the Level 3 preference, a career development plan is strategically required to raise the awareness of ODA ecosystem and development cooperation.