Activity Of Cardiovascular System Research Articles

Notoginsenoside R1 Protects HUVEC Against Oxidized Low Density Lipoprotein (Ox-LDL)-Induced Atherogenic Response via Down-Regulating miR-132

Background/Aims: Radix notoginseng is a well-known traditional Chinese herbal medicine, has extensively pharmacological activities in cardiovascular system. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1) is one main active ingredient of Radix notoginseng. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional effects of NGR1 on atherosclerosis (AS). Methods: Human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), before which cells were preconditioned with NGR1. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, flow cytometry, Transwell assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot were carried out to assess the impacts of ox-LDL and NGR1 on HUVECs. Besides, the expression of microRNA-132 (miR-132), and the regulatory role of miR-132 in Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) expression were measured by qRT-PCR and Western blot. Results: NGR1 pre-conditioning prevented ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, migration and overproduction of Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein 1 (MCP-1) and Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 (ICAM-1). miR-132 was up-regulated in response to ox-LDL while was down-regulated by NGR1 pre-conditioning. The protective actions of NGR1 in ox-LDL-treated HUVECs were enhanced by miR-132 inhibitor, while were attenuated by miR-132 mimic. Besides, the up-regulated miR-132 could further decrease the expression of MGP, which acted as an anti-migratory and anti-adhesive factor. Furthermore, ox-LDL-induced the activation of c-Jun N-terminal Kinase (JNK) and Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-κB) pathways were partially attenuated by NGR1, and were fully eliminated by NGR1 treatment together with MGP overexpression. Conclusion: NGR1 prevents ox-LDL-induced apoptosis, migration and adhesion-related molecule release in HUVECs possibly via down-regulating miR-132, and subsequent up-regulating MGP.

PROBLEMATIC ASPECTS OF FIRST YEAR CADETS ADAPTATION TO STUDY AT THE MILITARY UNIVERSITY

We consider the aspects of adaptation to the process of training and physical education of first year cadets. Problems and aspects of physiological adaptation are designated and its connection with activity of cardiovascular system of an organism of first year cadets is shown. The main factor of the considered process of physiological adaptation is shown. The relevance of the study of adaptive mechanisms of the body of first year cadets during the beginning of their training in the military university is proved. The necessity of increasing the volume of physical activity for more successful adaptation of first year cadets to training in a military university is proved. Reflects the results of exposure to prolonged and regular physical activity, compatible with the normal functioning of the organism in which the person developing his adaptive functional reorganization. Studies of functional possibilities of cardiovascular system of first year cadets to specify Robinson's index (for the purpose of quantitative characteristics of the systolic heart function). The estimation of these parameters is necessary to complete the definition of adaptation possibilities of organism of first year cadets. The results of the study of heart rate, systolic blood pressure at rest are also reflected. All studies are aimed at determining the effectiveness of the implementation of the developed system of physical education of first year cadets, aimed at improving the adaptive capacity of their body, to improve the educational process in the military university.

Study of Regulatory Mechanisms of Activity of Cardiovascular System by Method of Mathematical Analysis of Heart Rhythm in Workers of Chemical Manufactures

The article presents the results of the study of heart rate variability indices of workers engaged in the production of phenol-formaldehyde plastics and plastics at the «Karbodin» plant. 112 people aged from 20 to 50 years were studied: control group-workers with experience up to 1 year, practically healthy (n = 30), 1 group-workers with work experience up to 5 years (n = 40), 2 group workers with work experience from 5 to 10 years (n = 42). As a result of the study, violations of the functioning of the heart regulation system were revealed, depending on the length of employment. The effectiveness of the method for studying the regulation of the physiological functions of the circulatory system as well as the early diagnosis of occupational pathology has been established.

Relationship between selected populations of leukocytes and cardiovascular system activity in women with essential hypertension

Objective. To investigate the effect of the quantitative ratios of different types of white blood cells on the cardiovascular system in healthy individuals and patients with essential hypertension (EH). Materials and methods. The study was performed on 102 women suffering EH. The control group consisted of 30 healthy patients. Results. In women with EH, both non-engaged (EH-1) and regularly engaged in kinesitherapy (EH-2), compared with the control group, the total content of leukocytes was increased, as well as the ratios of NEUTR/EOS, LYM/EOS, LYM/BAS and EOS/BAS. In hypertensive patients increased stroke volume and end-diastolic left ventricular volume, cardiac output, increased mass and the index of left ventricular mass. In EH-1 patients group, the balance of velocity distribution in the microcirculatory bed changes to fast interlayer processes. In patients with EH-2, these changes are much less pronounced. In healthy women and patients with EH, significant relationships between leukocyte ratios and the level of systolic diastolic, mean, pulse pressure, cardiohemodynamics, hemodynamic indices were found. Conclusion. Regular practice of kinesitherapy brings the condition of cardiohemodynamics, hemodynamic indices, as well as the investigated correlations to the characteristic of healthy women. These data suggest an important role of the relationship of various leukocyte populations in the pathogenesis of EH.

Особливості перебігу післяопераційного періоду при хірургічному лікуванні лапаротомічним та лапароскопічним доступом гінекологічних захворювань у жінок з екстрагенітальною патологією

The objective: tactics definition postoperative period at surgical treatment of gynecologic patients with extragenital pathology. Patients and methods. Research included 240 patients who stayed on treatment in a hospital and were operative concerning diseases of internal genitals laparotomical and laparoscopic accesses. All patients had an extragenital pathology. Depending on operation access all patients were divided into two groups. The main group was made by 120 patients who were operated by laparoscopic access. The group of comparison was made by 120 patients whom was operative laparotomical access. Everything patients carried out a clinical-laboratory assessment of a current of the postoperative period. Results. Results of the conducted researches testify that at the compensated accompanying cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, a diabetes mellitus and an obesity at gynecologic patients at identical gynecologic and extragenital pathology laparoscopic access is more preferable since takes less time, is less travmatical and morbid, is accompanied by a smaller hemorrhage in comparison with the laparotomical. Aftertreatment after laparoscopic operations takes less time that is bound to existence of less expressed pain syndrome, lack of disturbance of function of an intestine, faster restoration of a physical activity and thereof in the smaller postoperative afternoon. At the same time rising of intra abdominal pressure and the provision of Trendelenburg negatively affect hemodynamic indicators at patients with cardiovascular diseases though it doesn’t lead to a decompensation of activity of cardiovascular system. Conclusion. Tactics of maintaining the postoperative period at gynecologic patients with extragenital pathology depends on character of a somatic case rate, option quick to access, a hemorrhage and results of clinical-laboratory inspection. Key words: gynecologic operations, laparotomy, laparoscopy, postpoerative period.

Взаимоотношение отдельных популяций лейкоцитов и деятельность сердечно-сосудистой системы у женщин, страдающих гипертонической болезнью

Взаимоотношение отдельных популяций лейкоцитов и деятельность сердечно-сосудистой системы у женщин, страдающих гипертонической болезнью

INFLUENCE OF INTERMITTENT NORMOBARIC HYPOXIA ON CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND HEMODYNAMIC PARAMETERS OF CHILDREN LIVED AT RADIATION CONTAMINATED TERRITORIES.

The effect of intermittent normobaric hypoxia (INH) of sanogenic level on the state of the cardiovascular system in 120 children aged from 12 to 17 years was studied. Children were divided into 3 groups. The 1st control group consisted of 20 persons (practically healthy ones), the 2nd group, a group of comparison, included 50 persons, and there were 50 persons in the 3rd group - a main group. Examined patients of two studied groups received the standard therapy, and those of the 3rd group - the seances of intermittent, normobaric hypoxia additionally to standard therapy. Systolic arterial pressure was significantly decreased in the rest from 108,2±1,9 to 103,8±1,1 mm Hg in children of the main group. Comparing the heart rate, systolic arterial pressure and diastolic arterial pressure their statistically decreased values by 9,3 min(-1), 8,36 and 7,84 mm Hg were revealed at 10 minutes of orthostatic, respectively. Autonomic supplying the activity of cardiovascular system with normal type of reaction was 34 % higher than that of the comparison group. It indicates an the improvement in hemodynamics and an increase in adaptation capabilities of the autonomic nervous system.

Regulation and control of young football players’ training loads

Currently, according to the conception of children and youth football development in Kazakhstan, there has been a harmonious system formed to train young football players. The trainings are implemented by football departments of children and youth sport schools and specialized children and youth sport schools of Olympic Reserve. Recently, specialized football classes are getting widely expanded as a compulsory part of general education in many countries. However, there have not been designed sufficient methodical recommendations for teachers and coaches about the organization of training processes and rationalizing work load in specialized football classes up to now, in order junior football players to progress in specialized classes, it is necessary to draw the daily regulations properly and to define the content of physical training curriculum for different age groups. However, there are considerably scarce data available on this issue. Moreover, fluctuation of physiological functions in physical activities performed by young football players in learning conditions in specialized classes have not been sufficiently studied yet. The purpose of this study is to determine the pulse rate of physical exercises and technical trainings fulfilled by young football players in learning conditions in specialized classes. The research study involved 25 young footballers of age 15-16 from specialized classes of secondary schools in Almaty, Kazakhstan. Those young football players’ cardiovascular system reaction was defined via radio telemetry device Sports Tester that recorded average heart rate (HR), its minimum and maximum values, the sum of heartbeat during training and game, and its allocation within different physical activities. Aerobic capacities were determined using indirect method when doing physical load for 5 minutes on a veloergometer Kettler with power of 150W. The maximum oxygen consumption (VO2 max) was estimated by the Astrand (1960) test. In accordance with the age of subjects, the results were correlated with the coefficient (r=1,1). The data was analyzed using methods of mathematic statistics. The results of the research study showed that determining the pulse rate of cardiovascular system activities performed by young football players measured via radio telemetry device which helped to observe the reaction of athletes’ organism to different physical loads during whole physical training classes. It is significant to mention that higher reaction of cardiovascular system in physical activities are noted in carrying out repeated game exercises within technical trainings at a quarter of the pitch without the goal areas with 2 x 2 players, also 6 x 6 players. Among physical activities of young football players, the most intensive work of cardiovascular system requires launch acceleration for 2 minutes, running jumps and outdoor games. The conducted analysis using radio telemetry registered players’ heart rate (HR), defined the pulse rate of separated parts of training and competitive activities. Received data allows coaches to classify training loads in intensity zones which help them correlate training curriculum of young football players. Thus, present research data as well as other authors’ works fills the gap in the area where physical loads of young football players’ functional systems are of studies matter.

Correlation between symbolic dynamics analysis indexes and neurohormonal and functional parameters in heart failure patients.

Heart failure (HF) is a cardiac disease associated with prominent alterations in the autonomic control of the cardiovascular system and high neurohormonal activation levels. Useful assessment tools may be heart rate variability (HRV) analysis and/or the study of norepinephrine (NPE) level. Nevertheless, traditional techniques of HRV analysis have proved not sufficient and the second is an invasive measurement. In this work the correlation between a parameter (kurtosis-K) computed by an emerging nonlinear technique, the symbolic dynamics analysis, and neurohormonal and functional parameters has been investigated. Results obtained show an interesting relationship between K and both ejection fraction and NPE. In particular, higher K values are associated to increasing NPE levels This finding could be useful for highlighting changes in HF patients otherwise detectable only with invasive examinations.

Physiological concomitants of perseverative cognition: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Rumination about the past and worries about the future (perseverative cognition) are extremely common, although pervasive and distressing, dysfunctional cognitive processes. Perseverative cognition is not only implicated in psychological health, contributing to mood worsening and psychopathology but, due to its ability to elicit prolonged physiological activity, is also considered to play a role in somatic health. Although there is emerging evidence that such negative and persistent thoughts have consequences on the body, this association has not yet been quantified. The aim of this study was to meta-analyze available studies on the physiological concomitants of perseverative cognition in healthy subjects. Separate meta-analyses were performed on each examined physiological parameter. Sixty studies were eligible for the analyses. Associations emerged between perseverative cognition and higher systolic blood pressure (SBP) (g = .45) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (g = .51) in experimental studies, and higher heart rate (HR) (g = .28 and g = .20) and cortisol (g = .36 and g = .32), and lower heart rate variability (HRV) (g = .15 and g = .27) in experimental and correlational studies, respectively. Significant moderators were sex, ethnicity, type of induction used to elicit perseverative cognition, assessment of state versus trait perseverative cognition, focus on worry or rumination, duration of physiological assessment, and quality of the studies. With the exception of blood pressure, results were not influenced by publication bias. Results show that perseverative cognition affects cardiovascular, autonomic, and endocrine nervous system activity, suggesting a pathogenic pathway to long-term disease outcomes and clarifying the still unexplained relationship between chronic stress and health vulnerability.

Vascular effects of flavonoids.

Flavonoids are natural plant-derived polyphenolic compounds with various biological properties particularly in the cardiovascular system, including antiatherogenic, antioxidant, vasodilation, antihypertensive, and antiplatelet activities. These biological properties have been evaluated in several experimental and clinical studies. In addition, extensive reviews have discussed the antiatherogenic effect of these polyphenols. However, limited studies have investigated the potential therapeutic vascular effects of these compounds. This review brings together some recent studies, to establish the different signaling pathways involved in the molecular mechanisms that underlie the vasodilation induced by flavonoids.

Mutual information between brain and heart activity before an epileptic seizure

The paper analyzes the relation between the brain and cardiovascular system activity in patients with epilepsy in the period before an epileptic seizure. Quantification of the connection by mutual information between full power of electroencephalogram and cardiorhythmogram in time windows for an hour before the seizure is proposed. Clinical study results for ten signals containing seizures showed a significant reduction of the mutual information in 5 minutes before the seizure. Ref. 19, Figs. 3.

The role of transcription factors in atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a complex disease that results from genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. In recent years, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and family-based linkage analysis have found amounts of genetic variants associated with AF. Some of them lie in coding sequences and thus mediate the encoded proteins, some in non-coding regions and influence the expression of adjacent genes. These variants exert influence on the development of cardiovascular system and normal cardiac electrical activity in different levels, and eventually contribute to the occurrence of AF. Among these affected genes, as a crucial means of transcriptional regulation, several transcription factors play important roles in the pathogenesis of AF. In this review, we will focus on the potential role of PITX2, PRRX1, ZHFX3, TBX5, and NKX2.5 in AF.

Medial prefrontal cortex N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor/nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate pathway modulates both tachycardic and bradycardic baroreflex responses

Neural reflex mechanisms, such as the baroreflex, are involved in regulating cardiovascular system activity. Previous results showed that the ventral portion of the medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) is involved in modulation only of the cardiac baroreflex bradycardic component. Moreover, vMPFC N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors modulate the bradycardia baroreflex, but the baroreflex tachycardic component has not been investigated. Furthermore, glutamatergic neurotransmission into the vMPFC is involved in activation of the cardiac sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous system. Finally, it has been demonstrated that glutamatergic neurotransmission into the vMPFC can be modulated by the endocannabinoid system and that activation of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor by anandamide, an endocannabinoid, can decrease both cardiac baroreflex bradycardic and tachycardic responses. Thus, there is the possibility that glutamatergic neurotransmission into the vMPFC does not modulate only the cardiac bradycardic component of the baroreflex. Therefore, the present study investigated whether glutamatergic neurotransmission into the vMPFC modulates both cardiac baroreflex bradycardic and tachycardic responses. We found that vMPFC bilateral microinjection of the NMDA receptor antagonist AP7 (4 nmol/200 nl), of a selective inhibitor of neuronal nitric oxide (NO) synthase N-propyl (0.08 nmol/200 nl), of the NO scavenger carboxy-PTIO (2 nmol/200 nl), or of the NO-sensitive guanylate cyclase ODQ (2 nmol/200 nl) decreased the baroreflex activity in unanesthetized rats. Therefore, our results demonstrate the participation of NMDA receptors, production of NO, and activation of guanylate cyclase in the vMPFC in the modulation of both cardiac baroreflex bradycardic and tachycardic responses.

Cardiovascular Risk Factors Significantly Correlate With Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Children

BackgroundInformation is limited about the correlation between cardiovascular risk factors (CRFs) and autonomic nervous system (ANS) activity in children. MethodsIn all, 180 children aged 9 to 11 years were enrolled. Heart rate variability, obtained by 24-hour Holter recordings, was analyzed for ANS activity by measuring standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN), the standard deviation of the averaged normal-to-normal RR intervals, the root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD), low-frequency (LF), high-frequency (HF), and ratio of LF to HF. CRFs were defined as hypertension, dyslipidemia, obesity, and elevated fasting blood glucose. Children were subdivided into 4 levels: 0 (no CRF), 1 (1 CRF), 2 (2 CRFs), or 3 (3 or more CRFs). Altered ANS activity of each level was assessed. The correlation between CRF and ANS activity was analyzed by stepwise multiple regression. ResultsWith an increasing number of CRFs, there was a progressive elevation in blood pressure, obesity indices, most blood lipoprotein concentrations, and fasting blood glucose. Moreover, increase in the number of CRFs was associated with progressive reduction of SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) correlated negatively with SDNN, RMSSD, LF, and HF. Obesity indices had a negative correlation with RMSSD and HF. As the number of CRFs increases, so does the extent of abnormal clustering of CRFs and changes in ANS activity. ConclusionsObesity and elevated SBP are associated with marked alterations in ANS activity, obesity with reduced vagal nerve activity, and elevated SBP with altered vagal and sympathetic nerve activity.

A Homogenous bioluminescent, and fast assay for monitoring alteration in cAMP cellular and tissue cAMP and monitoring the Modulation of Gs and Gi Protein Coupled Receptors

G Protein Coupled Receptors represent a large validated target for Drug discovery research. The Gs is coupled to activation of adenylate cyclase and Gi is coupled to inhibition of adenylate cyclase while Gq is coupled to activation of phospholipase β. Cellular concentrations of second messengers such as cAMP and cGMP have been known to play major roles in smooth muscle relaxation, contractile activity of cardiovascular system, and central nervous system related pathologies. We report here on a new assay for determining cAMP concentrations in cellular and tissue extract and for monitoring modulation of GPCR that are linked to activation or inhibition of adenylate cyclase (Gs or Gi). The assay is homogenous, fast, HTS formatted with high Z′, and adaptable to multi plate formats. We have successfully generated EC50 values for agonists and IC50 values for antagonists of Gs coupled receptors that are similar to those reported in the literature. The assay is easy to use, and can be carried out in less than 60 minutes and does not require antibodies or expensive instrumentation for signal detection and the signal output is relatively stable for few hours.

Medial prefrontal cortex endocannabinoid system modulates baroreflex activity through CB1receptors

Neural reflex mechanisms, such as the baroreflex, are involved in the regulation of cardiovascular system activity. Previous results from our group (Resstel LB, Correa FM. Medial prefrontal cortex NMDA receptors and nitric oxide modulate the parasympathetic component of the baroreflex. Eur J Neurosci 23: 481-488, 2006) have shown that glutamatergic synapses in the ventral portion of the medial prefrontal cortex (vMPFC) modulate baroreflex activity. Moreover, glutamatergic neurotransmission in the vMPFC can be modulated by the endocannabinoids system (eCBs), particularly the endocannabinoid anandamide, through presynaptic CB(1) receptor activation. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated eCBs receptors that are present in the vMPFC, and more specifically whether CB(1) receptors modulate baroreflex activity. We found that bilateral microinjection of the CB(1) receptor antagonist AM251 (100 or 300 pmol/200 nl) into the vMPFC increased baroreflex activity in unanesthetized rats. Moreover, bilateral microinjection of either the anandamide transporter inhibitor AM404 (100 pmol/200 nl) or the inhibitor of the enzyme fatty acid amide hydrolase that degrades anandamide, URB597 (100 pmol/200 nl), into the MPFC decreased baroreflex activity. Finally, pretreatment of the vMPFC with an ineffective dose of AM251 (10 pmol/200 nl) was able to block baroreflex effects of both AM404 and URB597. Taken together, our results support the view that the eCBs in the vMPFC is involved in the modulation of baroreflex activity through the activation of CB(1) receptors, which modulate local glutamate release.

Effects of geomagnetic disturbances in the near Earth’s atmosphere and possible biophysical mechanism of their influence on the human cardiovascular system

We analyze the effect of geomagnetic activity on variations in quasi-static electric field strength and the horizontal geomagnetic field component in the band of periods of tidal and planetary waves. Variations in oscillation intensities and periods in the power spectra of these parameters synchronously with the Kp index are shown. Taking into account the relationship of these parameters with the air pressure, we suggest a possible biophysical mechanism of the relation between the state of the human cardiovascular system and geomagnetic activity by means of resonant interaction with the environment. In periods of high geomagnetic activity, the air pressure and temperature vary due to an increase in atmospheric transparency as a result of the Forbush decrease in the cosmic ray flux rate. It is these variations that directly affect humans.

Bacillus anthracis lethal toxin alters regulation of visceral sympathetic nerve discharge

Bacillus anthracis infection is a pathophysiological condition that is complicated by progressive decreases in mean arterial pressure (MAP). Lethal toxin (LeTx) is central to the pathogenesis of B. anthracis infection, and the sympathetic nervous system plays a critical role in physiological regulation of acute stressors. However, the effect of LeTx on sympathetic nerve discharge (SND), a critical link between central sympathetic neural circuits and MAP regulation, remains unknown. We determined visceral (renal, splenic, and adrenal) SND responses to continuous infusion of LeTx [lethal factor (100 μg/kg) + protective antigen (200 μg/kg) infused at 0.5 ml/h for ≤6 h] and vehicle (infused at 0.5 ml/h) in anesthetized, baroreceptor-intact and baroreceptor (sinoaortic)-denervated (SAD) Sprague-Dawley rats. LeTx infusions produced an initial state of cardiovascular and sympathetic nervous system activation in intact and SAD rats. Subsequent to peak LeTx-induced increases in arterial blood pressure, intact rats demonstrated a marked hypotension that was accompanied by significant reductions in SND (renal and splenic) and heart rate (HR) from peak levels. After peak LeTx-induced pressor and sympathoexcitatory responses in SAD rats, MAP, SND (renal, splenic, and adrenal), and HR were progressively and significantly reduced, supporting the hypothesis that LeTx alters the central regulation of sympathetic nerve outflow. These findings demonstrate that the regulation of visceral SND is altered in a complex manner during continuous anthrax LeTx infusions and suggest that sympathetic nervous system dysregulation may contribute to the marked hypotension accompanying B. anthracis infection.

Trilinolein Inhibits Proliferation of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A549 Through the Modulation of PI3K/Akt Pathway

Trilinolein has been identified as one of the active constituents isolated from Panax notoginseng used widely in traditional Chinese medicine. Protective actions of Panax notoginseng against cerebral ischemia, beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system, and hemostatic, antioxidant, hypolipidemic, hepatoprotective, renoprotective and estrogen-like activities have been illustrated. In the present study, the effects of trilinolein on the growth of non-small cell lung carcinoma A549 were investigated. It was found that the exposure of A549 cells to trilinolein resulted in the growth inhibition and the induction of apoptosis in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Trilinolein treatment induced the upregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax, downregulation of anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 expression, which was associated with the proteolytic activation of caspases and the concomitant degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) protein. Intracellular reactive oxygen species seem to play a role in the trilinolein-induced apoptosis, since ROS were produced early in the trilinolein treatment. Moreover, the activity of PI3K/Akt was downregulated in trilinolein-treated cells. Our results demonstrated that the most important regulators of trilinolein-induced apoptosis are Bcl-2 family and caspase-3, which are associated with cytochrome c release and dephosphorylation on the Akt signaling pathway.