Related Cardiovascular Diseases Research Articles

The Correlation between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in the Elderly.

With the improvement of people's living conditions and changes in social lifestyles, the incidence of type 2 diabetes is gradually increasing, and the number of people with diabetes and cardiovascular disease is also increasing. Based on this, the article collects basic information on 650 elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, of which 49.39% are between 60 and 70 years old, 32.46% are between 70 and 80 years old, and 18.15% are between 80 and 90 years old. Through the analysis of related cardiovascular disease risk factors, the correlation between the elderly cardiovascular disease risk factors and type 2 diabetes is explored. The results showed that the correlations between smoking history, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and the risk of type 2 diabetes in the elderly were 0.987, 0.956, 0.971, and 0.940, respectively. It can be seen that these factors are highly correlated with the risk of type 2 diabetes in the elderly, and smoking history has the strongest correlation, indicating that high levels of smoking may be a key pathogenic factor in the onset of type 2 diabetes. The correlation of other factors is lower than 0.8, indicating that other factors are additional risk factors for the disease. After that, the p value was 0.01, and the difference test was passed, which proved the accuracy of the model.

Therapeutic effect of garlic containing S-allyl cysteine and Diallyl-di-sulfide on improving blood lipid profile

Cardiovascular-related diseases are considered as the major risk for health and may lead to many illnesses. Hyperlipidemia is the highest common cause of diseases related to heart known as CHD. Since ancient times, innumerable herbs and organic foods are used to treat diseases among which garlic has been shown beneficial for treating hyperlipidemia and normalizing lipid profile levels. Garlic may be used in different forms like powder, tablets, extracts or after ageing. Its sulfur containing compounds like allicin, S-allylcysteine, alliin, ajoene, diallyl disulfide are proven to have the pharmacological benefits. The main aim of the current review is to analyze and evaluate the studies regarding anti-hyperlipidemic effects of garlic and its supplements on normalizing lipid profile among hyperlipidemicsubjects.After analyzing different studies being carried out earlier, it is concluded that garlic is effective in managing lipid profile including total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, HDL levels among people with hyperlipidemia ranging from mild to moderate intensity.

A Clinical Perspective of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors in Metabolic and Related Cardiovascular Diseases

A Clinical Perspective of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors in Metabolic and Related Cardiovascular Diseases

NA-MEMD Is Actually What You Need for Computational Pulse Analysis

Time-frequency analysis is of necessity for wrist pulse signal due to its complexity, among which, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm and its improved noise-assisted versions (such as ensemble EMD, noise-assisted multivariate EMD (NA-MEMD) and very recently median EMD) are deemed to be the most representative ones. In this study, we provide an in-depth evaluation of these well-established noise-assisted EMD algorithms in computational pulse analysis for the first time. In particular, we compare the performance of the different algorithms systematically and quantitatively based on objective quantitative criteria: number and central frequency of intrinsic mode function (IMF) components, total orthogonality index and mode mixing. Rather than using synthetic signals with visual inspection in most existing literature, the wrist pulse signals used in the evaluation are real recorded samples acquired from both healthy and patient subjects. Through extensive experiments, we found that: 1) Advanced EMD algorithm that has the best performance in other areas may not be the most suitable method for pulse signal analysis, which indicates its high dependence on the type of signal to be analyzed; 2) Adding noise can significantly improve algorithm performance, but tends to produce physiologically not relevant components, which however are usually neglected throughout the intelligent pulse diagnosis literature. Therefore, excluding redundant components and then extracting features is expected to improve performance further. Together, currently NA-MEMD achieves a better performance consistently, potential to become a powerful tool for computational pulse analysis, which in itself have not been applied in wrist pulse analysis before. We believe our works can bring up a new perspective to application of EMD-like algorithms in computational pulse analysis/diagnosis with effective information and guidance. Additionally, considering the similarity between physiological signals, especially such as photoplethysmogram/electrocardiogram, our research can be extended to wearable health monitoring technologies, including smart watches and fitness trackers, and their potential future applications, such as in heart rate estimation and evaluate various cardiovascular-related diseases. The present study underscored the necessity of evaluation noise-assisted EMDs or other adaptive decomposition algorithms based on real recorded signals with more objective measures. Especially, caution the possible redundant components that are introduced.

Artificial Intelligence for Detection of Cardiovascular-Related Diseases from Wearable Devices: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

PurposeSeveral artificial intelligence (AI) models for the detection and prediction of cardiovascular-related diseases, including arrhythmias, diabetes, and sleep apnea, have been reported. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to identify AI models developed for or applicable to wearable and mobile devices for diverse cardiovascular-related diseases.Materials and MethodsThe searched databases included Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library. For AI models for atrial fibrillation (AF) detection, a meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy was performed to summarize sensitivity and specificity.ResultsA total of 102 studies were included in the qualitative review. There were AI models for the detection of arrythmia (n=62), followed by sleep apnea (n=11), peripheral vascular diseases (n=6), diabetes mellitus (n=5), hyper/hypotension (n=5), valvular heart disease (n=4), heart failure (n=3), myocardial infarction and cardiac arrest (n=2), and others (n=4). For quantitative analysis of 26 studies reporting AI models for AF detection, meta-analyzed sensitivity was 94.80% and specificity was 96.96%. Deep neural networks showed superior performance [meta-analyzed area under receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) of 0.981] compared to conventional machine learning algorithms (meta-analyzed AUROC of 0.961). However, AI models tested with proprietary dataset (meta-analyzed AUROC of 0.972) or data acquired from wearable devices (meta-analyzed AUROC of 0.977) showed inferior performance than those with public dataset (meta-analyzed AUROC of 0.986) or data from in-hospital devices (meta-analyzed AUROC of 0.983).ConclusionThis review found that AI models for diverse cardiovascular-related diseases are being developed, and that they are gradually developing into a form that is suitable for wearable and mobile devices.

Healthy Nutrition and Behavioral Economics: From Principle to Practice

Aim: To highlight the effect of using behavioral economics` methods, in particular, context and presentation of information that can influence behavior and choice of people in matters of healthy nutrition and disease prevention. Matherials and Methods: The structure of the study included: coverage of the main issues of healthy nutrition in population of Ukraine and application of behavioral economics` methods, which were developed on the basis of our research (method of social experiment) with subsequent statistical processing of data. Results: The absolute percentage of sales of dishes and drinks with green, yellow and red marking in cafeterias and canteens of Sumy State University at the initial stage, and after implementing of behavioral methods. The most significant changes occurred in sales of dishes with red labeling: it decreased by 20%; parallelly sales of green-labeled dishes increased significantly from 28% (before the experiment) up to 38% (after changing location compared to other dishes and using visual tips) and yellow-labeled dishes: the sales` index increased by 10%.Using of behavioral methods has also influenced the choice of drinks, but not significantly. Sales` index of “green” drinks during the experiment had increased by 4%, “yellow” – by 3%. Conclusions: Simple behavioral methods as changing the default options (change of location/layout) distribution of simple and meaningful information about nutrition, labeling can improve the diet choice of people by shifting it towards the healthier one, which, in turn, will lead to a significant reduction in prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, obesity and related diseases. Cooperation with health officials and politicians in further can lead to the spreading of healthier eating behavior in population without limiting individual choice of people.

Exploring the Associations Between Clonal Hematopoiesis of Indeterminate Potential, Myeloid Malignancy, and Atherosclerosis.

Outgrowth of a mutated hematopoietic stem/progenitor clone and its descendants, also known as clonal hematopoiesis, has long been considered as either a potential forerunner to hematologic malignancy or as a clinically silent phase in leukemia that antedates symptomatic disease. That definition of clonal hematopoiesis has now been expanded to encompass patients who harbor specific genetic/epigenetic mutations that lead to clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential (CHIP) and, with it, a relatively heightened risk for both myeloid malignancy and atherosclerosis during aging. In this review, we provide contemporary insights into the cellular and molecular basis for CHIP and explore the relationship of CHIP to myeloid malignancy and atherosclerosis. We also discuss emerging strategies to explore CHIP biology and clinical targeting of CHIP related malignancy and cardiovascular disease.

Prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine against angiogenesis related cardiovascular diseases based on translational medicine

Prevention and treatment of traditional Chinese medicine against angiogenesis related cardiovascular diseases based on translational medicine

“If I Were to Suffer a Stroke Right Now, the First Place That I Should Be Taken to Is the Traditional Healer”: Community Beliefs and Health-Seeking Practices for Noncommunicable Diseases in Rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

The burden of chronic noncommunicable diseases in rural South Africa is exacerbated by delayed health care seeking resulting in poor access to health care. This study explored awareness, beliefs and health-seeking behaviour relating to diabetes, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases in Ingwavuma, a poor rural community in the uMkhanyakude district of KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Eight gender and age-stratified Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted in isiZulu using a pre-tested FGD guide with seventy-six participants. Thematic analysis was done to discern views on access to care for noncommunicable diseases. Findings revealed limited awareness of hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular-related disease burden. The community practices medical plurality, and consultation with traditional healers precedes biomedical care for acute illness with symptoms like metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases. Males prefer self-care and herbal remedies probably due to cultural and masculinity expectations. Furthermore, distant health facilities and transport costs hinder biomedical care utilisation. Our study revealed the nuanced interaction of cultural and socioeconomic factors on chronic noncommunicable disease perception and health-seeking practices in Ingwavuma. The study indicates the need for improving access to primary healthcare facilities and community-based health promotion in partnership with community stakeholders to improve awareness and health-seeking behaviour.

Survival prediction among heart patients using machine learning techniques.

Cardiovascular diseases are regarded as the most common reason for worldwide deaths. As per World Health Organization, nearly 17.9 million people die of heart-related diseases each year. The high shares of cardiovascular-related diseases in total worldwide deaths motivated researchers to focus on ways to reduce the numbers. In this regard, several works focused on the development of machine learning techniques/algorithms for early detection, diagnosis, and subsequent treatment of cardiovascular-related diseases. These works focused on a variety of issues such as finding important features to effectively predict the occurrence of heart-related diseases to calculate the survival probability. This research contributes to the body of literature by selecting a standard well defined, and well-curated dataset as well as a set of standard benchmark algorithms to independently verify their performance based on a set of different performance evaluation metrics. From our experimental evaluation, it was observed that decision tree is the best performing algorithm in comparison to logistic regression, support vector machines, and artificial neural networks. Decision trees achieved 14% better accuracy than the average performance of the remaining techniques. In contrast to other studies, this research observed that artificial neural networks are not as competitive as the decision tree or support vector machine.

The renin-angiotensin system and cardiovascular autonomic control in aging

Aging is the greatest independent risk factor for developing hypertension and cardiovascular-related diseases including systolic hypertension, vascular disease, ischemic events, arrhythmias, and heart failure. Age-related cardiovascular risk is associated with dysfunction of peripheral organ systems, such as the heart and vasculature, as well as an imbalance in the autonomic nervous system characterized by increased sympathetic and decreased parasympathetic neurotransmission. Given the increasing prevalence of aged individuals worldwide, it is critical to better understand mechanisms contributing to impaired cardiovascular autonomic control in this population. In this regard, the renin-angiotensin system has emerged as an important hormonal modulator of cardiovascular function in aging, in part through modulation of autonomic pathways controlling sympathetic and parasympathetic outflow to cardiovascular end organs. This review will summarize the role of the RAS in cardiovascular autonomic control during aging, with a focus on current knowledge of angiotensin II versus angiotensin-(1−7) pathways in both rodent models and humans, pharmacological treatment strategies targeting the renin-angiotensin system, and unanswered questions for future research.

Association between Metabolic Syndrome Diagnosis and the Physical Activity-Sedentary Profile of Adolescents with Obesity: A Complementary Analysis of the Beta-JUDO Study.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is highly prevalent in children and adolescents with obesity and places them at an increased risk of cardiovascular-related diseases. However, the associations between objectively measured movement-related behaviors and MetS diagnosis remain unexplored in youths with obesity. The aim was to compare profiles of sedentary (SED) time (more sedentary, SED+ vs. less sedentary, SED−), moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) time (more active, MVPA+ vs. less active, MVPA−) and combinations of behaviors (SED−/MVPA+, SED−/MVPA−, SED+/MVPA+, SED+/MVPA−) regarding the MetS diagnosis. One hundred and thirty-four adolescents with obesity (13.4 ± 2.2 years) underwent 24 h/7 day accelerometry, waist circumference (WC), blood pressure (BP), high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c), triglycerides (TG) and insulin-resistance (IR) assessments. Cumulative cardiometabolic risk was assessed by using (i) MetS status (usual dichotomic definition) and (ii) cardiometabolic risk z-score (MetScore, mean of standardized WC, BP, IR, TG and inverted HDL-c). SED− vs. SED+ and MVPA+ vs. MVPA− had lower MetS (p < 0.01 and p < 0.001) and MetScore (p < 0.001). SED−/MVPA+ had the lowest risk. While SED and MVPA times were lower in SED−/MVPA− vs. SED+/MVPA+ (p < 0.001), MetScore was lower in SED−/MVPA− independently of body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.05). MVPA, but not SED, time was independently associated with MetS diagnosis (p < 0.05). Both MVPA (p < 0.01) and SED times (p < 0.05) were associated with MetScore independently of each other. A higher MVPA and lower SED time are associated with lower cumulative cardiometabolic risk.

Obesity Related Cardiovascular Diseases and Diagnosis

Obesity is defined as a condition in which the amount of adipose tissue in the body is excessive and there has been many researches proving a strong correlation between cardiovascular diseases in obese individuals. The elevated incidence of many identified risk factors including hypertension (HTN) ,diabetes mellitus (DM), and hyperlipidaemia, it could be single and as disease is transmitted to a degree that is indirect great degree for higher incidence of cardiovascular disease in obese people. Obesity, on the other hand, has numerous direct effects on the cardiovascular system, which will be explored in depth. We also look at how to overcome the numerous problems that obesity poses in the performance and interpretation of cardiac tests. Adiposity raises danger of unfavourable cardiovascular system (CVS) problems in a variety of ways. These effects may be mediated indirectly by metabolic syndrome danger elements such as hyperlipidemia, HTN, and dysglycemia, or by the impact of adiposity-related sleep disturbances. Dysmetabolic syndrome are linked to truncal adiposity, associated fat spread mostly part of the abdomen as compared to periphery. The circumference of waist are effective measures of adipose spread and higher amount indicate a higher danger of cardiovascular disease. However, there are several direct consequences of adiposity on CVS that aren’t influenced by metabolic syndrome factors or related effects of sleep disturbances. This essay will mostly focus on these topics. Because of restrictions in physical examination as well as different tests such as electrocardiograms (EKGs), imaging examinations, and cardiac catheterization, obesity also makes it difficult to make an accurate cardiovascular diagnosis. We'll talk about these restrictions and offer suggestions for how to overcome them.

Expression Profiles of Circular RNA in Aortic Vascular Tissues of Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats.

Background: Circular RNAs (circRNAs), as a kind of endogenous non-coding RNA, have been implicated in ischemic heart diseases and vascular diseases. Based on theirs high stability with a closed loop structure, circRNAs function as a sponge and bind specific miRNAs to exert inhibitory effects in heart and vasculature, thereby regulating their target gene and protein expression, via competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) mechanism. However, the exact roles and underlying mechanisms of circRNAs in hypertension and related cardiovascular diseases remain largely unknown.Methods and Results: High-throughput RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to analyze the differentially expressed (DE) circRNAs in aortic vascular tissues of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). Compared with the Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, there were marked increases in the levels of systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean blood pressure in SHR under awake conditions via the tail-cuff methodology. Totally, compared with WKY rats, 485 DE circRNAs were found in aortic vascular tissues of SHR with 279 up-regulated circRNAs and 206 down-regulated circRNAs. Furthermore, circRNA-target microRNAs (miRNAs) and the target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) of miRNAs were predicted by the miRanda and Targetscan softwares, respectively. Additionally, real-time RT-PCR analysis verified that downregulation of rno_circRNA_0009197, and upregulation of rno_circRNA_0005818, rno_circRNA_0005304, rno_circRNA_0005506, and rno_circRNA_0009301 were observed in aorta of SHR when compared with that of WKY rats. Then, the potential ceRNA regulatory mechanism was constructed via integrating 5 validated circRNAs, 31 predicted miRNAs, and 266 target mRNAs. More importantly, three hub genes (NOTCH1, FOXO3, and STAT3) were recognized according to PPI network and three promising circRNA-miRNA-mRNA regulatory axes were found in hypertensive rat aorta, including rno_circRNA_0005818/miR-615/NOTCH1, rno_circRNA_0009197/ miR-509-5p/FOXO3, and rno_circRNA_0005818/miR-10b-5p/STAT3, respectively.Conclusions: Our results demonstrated for the first time that circRNAs are expressed aberrantly in aortic vascular tissues of hypertensive rats and may serve as a sponge linking with relevant miRNAs participating in pathogenesis of hypertension and related ischemic heart diseases via the circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNAnetwork mechanism.

Protective Effect of Flavonoids from a Deep-Sea-Derived Arthrinium sp. against ox-LDL-Induced Oxidative Injury through Activating the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Vascular Endothelial Cells.

Oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL)-induced oxidative injury in vascular endothelial cells is crucial for the progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis. Several flavonoids have been shown cardiovascular protective effects. Recently, our research group confirmed that the novel flavonoids isolated from the deep-sea-derived fungus Arthrinium sp., 2,3,4,6,8-pentahydroxy-1-methylxanthone (compound 1) and arthone C (compound 2) effectively scavenged ROS in vitro. In this study, we further investigated whether these compounds could protect against ox-LDL-induced oxidative injury in endothelial cells and the underlying mechanisms. Our results showed that compounds 1 and 2 inhibited ox-LDL-induced apoptosis and adhesion factors expression in human umbilical vein vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs). Mechanistic studies showed that these compounds significantly inhibited the ROS level increase and the NF-κB nuclear translocation induced by ox-LDL. Moreover, compounds 1 and 2 activated the Nrf2 to transfer into nuclei and increased the expression of its downstream antioxidant gene HO-1 by inducing the phosphorylation of AKT in HUVECs. Importantly, the AKT inhibitor MK-2206 2HCl or knockdown of Nrf2 by RNA interference attenuated the inhibition effects of these compounds on ox-LDL-induced apoptosis in HUVECs. Meanwhile, knockdown of Nrf2 abolished the effects of the compounds on ox-LDL-induced ROS level increase and the translocation of NF-κB to nuclei. Collectively, the data showed that compounds 1 and 2 protected endothelial cells against ox-LDL-induced oxidative stress through activating the AKT/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Our study provides new strategies for the design of lead compounds for related cardiovascular diseases treatment.

Role of Serum Amyloid A in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm and Related Cardiovascular Diseases.

Epidemiological data positively correlate plasma serum amyloid A (SAA) levels with cardiovascular disease severity and mortality. Studies by several investigators have indicated a causal role for SAA in the development of atherosclerosis in animal models. Suppression of SAA attenuates the development of angiotensin II (AngII)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) formation in mice. Thus, SAA is not just a marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD) development, but it is a key player. However, to consider SAA as a therapeutic target for these diseases, the pathway leading to its involvement needs to be understood. This review provides a brief description of the pathobiological significance of this enigmatic molecule. The purpose of this review is to summarize the data relevant to its role in the development of CVD, the pitfalls in SAA research, and unanswered questions in the field.

Effects of sodium selenite and selenium-enriched yeast on cardiometabolic indices of patients with atherosclerosis: A double-blind randomized clinical trial study.

Introduction: Atherosclerosis and related cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major causes of mortality worldwide. The available reports regarding the effects of selenium (Se) supplementation in the realm of atherosclerosis have been equivocal. The present investigation is aimed to assess the effects of sodium selenite and Se-enriched yeast supplementation on metabolic parameters among atherosclerotic patients. Methods: In this double-blind placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial, 60 patients diagnosed with atherosclerosis were randomly allocated into either 200 μg/day selenite, yeast, or placebo groups for eight consecutive weeks. Serum levels of lipid profile and glycemic indices were measured at the baseline and end of the intervention. Results: There were no significant within-or between-group changes in levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c), fasting blood sugar, insulin, and homeostatic model assessment for IR throughout the study (P ≥0.05). Only the low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels were significantly lower in the yeast group in comparison with the placebo group (P = 0.015). Conclusion: The administration of Se-enriched yeast is significantly effective in decreasing LDL-c levels in patients with atherosclerosis. Additional clinical trial studies investigating the effect of Se administration on glucose homeostasis parameters and lipid profiles in atherosclerotic patients are suggested for a more definitive conclusion.

Insulin and cardiovascular health&amp;mdash;commemorating insulin centennial

<p indent="0mm">The discovery of insulin <sc>100 years</sc> ago has broken new ground in the treatment of diabetes and related metabolic diseases, owing to which millions of lives have been saved. Since then, the studies on insulin secretion and action have made a profound impact on endocrinology, protein crystallography, and the understanding of autoimmune and metabolic diseases. In this review, we summarize the major breakthroughs in insulin treatment for diabetes and related cardiovascular diseases and the Chinese contribution therein, with special focus on the recent advances of insulin cardioprotective effects and challenges in this field. We also underline the threat of diabetes to the public health and social well-being in China and highlight the importance of lifestyle intervention, especially exercise in ameliorating insulin resistance and improving cardiovascular health.

Myocardial infarction in young versus older adults: A comparison of risk factors, hospital outcome and angiographic characteristic of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Cardiovascular related diseases remained the leading cause of death of Malaysians for the past 15 years with 54% increment over 10 years. Despite increasing evidence to suggest a significant proportion of those presenting with CHD and myocardial infarction. (MI) are young, there were limited published literature focusing on this population. Hence, we aim to assess the clinical risk factors, angiographic profile, and outcome of young patients (aged≤55 years) with the first acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).

Myocardial infarction in young versus older adults: A comparison of risk factors, hospital outcome and angiographic characteristic of acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI)

Cardiovascular-related diseases remained the leading cause of death of Malaysians for the past 15 years with a 54% increment over 10 years. Despite increasing evidence to suggest a significant proportion of those presenting with CHD and myocardial infarction. (MI) are young, there was limited published literature focusing on this population. Hence, we aim to assess the clinical risk factors, angiographic profile, and outcome of young patients (aged≤55 years) with first acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).