Cardiometabolic Syndrome Risk Factors Research Articles

Impacts of Supplementation with Silymarin on Cardiovascular Risk Factors: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

It has been suggested that silymarin (SIL) supplementation has positive effects on cardiovascular health and reduces the risk of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS). This systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis assessed the impacts of SIL administration on cardiovascular risk factors. A systematic search of multiple databases was performed to identify eligible controlled trials published up to January 2023. The analysis used a random-effects model and included 33 trials with 1943 participants. It was revealed that SIL supplementation led to a notable reduction in serum levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG) (weighted mean difference (WMD): -21.68 mg/dL, 95% CI: -31.37, -11.99; p < 0.001), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (WMD: -1.25 mmHg; 95% CI: -2.25, -0.26; p = 0.013), total cholesterol (TC) (WMD: -13.97 mg/dL, 95% CI: -23.09, -4.85; p = 0.003), triglycerides (TG) (WMD: -26.22 mg/dL, 95% CI: -40.32, -12.12; p < 0.001), fasting insulin (WMD: -3.76 mU/mL, 95% CI: -4.80, -2.72; p < 0.001), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) (WMD: -17.13 mg/dL, 95% CI: -25.63, -8.63; p < 0.001), and hemoglobin A1C (HbA1c) (WMD: -0.85%, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.43; p < 0.001) in the SIL-treated groups compared to their untreated counterparts. In addition, there were no substantial differences in body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), C-reactive protein (CRP), body weight, and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) between the two groups. These outcomes suggest that SIL consumption reduces certain CMS risk factors and has favorable impacts on lipid and glycemic profiles with potential hypotensive effects. These findings should be supported by additional trials with larger sample sizes and longer durations.

A 13-week low glycemic load diet and lifestyle modification program combining low glycemic load protein shakes and targeted nutraceuticals improved weight loss and cardio-metabolic risk factors.

An open-label, randomized, exploratory study of 44 healthy overweight subjects with cardio-metabolic syndrome (CMS) risk factors was conducted to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of a proprietary lifestyle modification program without (DIET) and with (PROG) targeted nutraceutical supplementation, including phytosterols, antioxidants, probiotics, fish oil, berberine, and soy, pea, and whey proteins over 13 weeks. Key metrics were recorded at baseline and weeks 9 and 13. For the DIET and PROG groups, compliance was 85% and 86%, respectively, with no adverse events related to the diet or supplements. Twelve subjects discontinued participation before week 9 for reasons unrelated to the study. PROG subjects experienced greater decreases (p < 0.05) than DIET in body mass, fat mass, total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, TG, cholesterol / HDL ratio, TG/HDL ratio, apolipoprotein B / apolipoprotein A1 ratio, and hs-CRP. The Framingham 10-year cardiovascular disease risk score decreased by 40% (p < 0.01) in the PROG arm versus no change for the DIET arm. As a pilot study, it was not possible to state whether the observed effects were the result of nutraceutical supplementation alone or the result of additive or synergistic interactions among diet, lifestyle modifications, and nutraceutical supplementation. Moreover, individuals with CMS risk factors following a lifestyle modification program received additional health benefits from targeted nutraceutical supplementation.

Changes in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors after High-Velocity Circuit Resistance or Treadmill Training in Older Adults

Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) is an aggregation of major risk factors that increases a person’s risk for developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus and the risk of mortality from cardiovascular disease. Continuous treadmill training (TM) has been shown to effectively attenuate the magnitude of CMS risk factors in a multitude of clinical populations. However, there is a paucity of research on the effects of high-velocity circuit resistance training (CRT) on CMS risk factors in older adults. PURPOSE: To compare the effects of CRT versus TM versus no exercise (CONT) on older adults with CMS risk factors. METHODS: Thirteen subjects (1M, 12F; 68.5 ± 7.3 years) with multiple risk factors for CMS participated in 12-weeks of CRT or TM. BMI, body fat % (BF), waist circumference (WC), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG), fasting glucose (GLUC), glycated hemoglobin (A1C), and c-Reactive Protein (CRP) were measured before and after the training. Nutritional intake was monitored to eliminate influence on CMS biomarkers. RESULTS: A within-group analysis showed that CRT exhibited significant decreases in A1C (MD= -0.367, SE= .142, p=0.03), SBP (MD= -21.67, SE= 6.35, p<.01), and DBP (MD= 9.33, SE= 2.53, p=.01), while TM had a trend toward decreased LDL-C (MD= 15.25, SE= 8.16, p=.09), and CONT showed a trend toward increases in CRP (MD= -0.16, SE= .08, p=.08). CRT also exhibited greater decreases in BMI, BF, and CRP than TM and CONT after the intervention, although statistical significance was not reached. There were no significant changes in TC, LDL-C, TG, or GLUC in any group. A between-group analysis showed CRT had significantly greater decreases in DBP compared to TM (MD= -10.58, SE= 3.34, p=.03) and CONT (MD= -12.13, SE= 3.19, p= .01) and a trend toward decreased SBP compared to CONT (MD= -19.47, SE= 8.03, p= .08). CONCLUSION: These preliminary results indicate that CRT results in greater improvements in CMS risk factors than TM. Although statistical significance was not reached for certain risk factors, a larger subject pool may strengthen our results.

The influence of osteoporosis and cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors on bone mineral density in females with thyroid dysfunction

The influence of osteoporosis and cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors on bone mineral density in females with thyroid dysfunction

Capsaicinoids Modulating Cardiometabolic Syndrome Risk Factors: Current Perspectives.

Capsaicinoids are bioactive nutrients present within red hot peppers reported to cut ad libitum food intake, to increase energy expenditure (thermogenesis) and lipolysis, and to result in weight loss over time. In addition it has shown more benefits such as improvement in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, improving vascular health, improving endothelial function, lowering blood pressure, reducing endothelial cytokines, cholesterol lowering effects, reducing blood glucose, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing inflammatory risk factors. All these beneficial effects together help to modulate cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors. The early identification of cardiometabolic risk factors can help try to prevent obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.

Long-Term Survival for Patients with Metabolic Syndrome After Bioprosthetic or Mechanical Valve Replacement

Metabolic diseases are thought to negatively impact the long-term survival of cardiac patients and have been shown to be associated with reduced durability of bioprosthetic heart valves. The purpose of this study is to determine whether long-term survival of post-valve replacement patients is affected by the presence of metabolic disease, and whether choice of tissue versus mechanical prosthesis impacts survival. A retrospective review was conducted of all isolated valve replacements performed between 2002 and 2011 from the STS adult cardiac database of Emory Healthcare Hospitals. A total of 1,222 cases were reviewed, of which 909 patients had AVR (661 tissue, 248 mechanical), and 313 MVR (190 tissue, 123 mechanical). Cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS), in accordance with the World Health Organization (WHO) definition, was present in 242 of 1,222 (19.8%) cases in entire cohort, 203 of 909 (22.3%) in AVR, and 39 of 313 (12.5%) in MVR. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to calculate long-term survival after adjusting for propensity score (PS), Society of Thoracic Surgeons Predicted Risk of Mortality (STS PROM), and direct covariates for valve and implant type and stratifying by CMS. In PS adjusted AVR, patients with CMS risk factors had worse survival compared to metabolic risk-free patients (AHR = 3.47), as was the case for MVR (AHR = 4.06). Tissue MVR patients with CMS had higher hazard of death compared to patients with no diabetes and no metabolic risk factors after adjusting for PROM (AHR = 3.33) and direct covariates (AHR = 3.91). Metabolic diseases negatively impact long-term survival of aortic and mitral valve replacement (MVR) patients. Tissue prostheses are associated with worse long-term survival following MVR.

The Effects of Resistance Training on Metabolic Health With Weight Regain

To determine whether resistance training effectively maintains improvements in cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors during weight regain, 9 individuals lost 4% to 6% of their body weight during an 8- to 12-week diet- and aerobic exercise-induced weight loss phase followed by a controlled weight regain phase (8-12 weeks), during which they regained approximately 50% of the lost weight while participating in a supervised resistance training program. Following weight loss (6.0%+/-0.3%), body mass index, body fat percentage, waist circumference, all abdominal adipose tissue depots, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, insulin, and homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) were significantly reduced, while quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and cardiorespiratory fitness (maximal oxygen consumption) significantly increased. During weight regain (48.3%+/-3.3% of lost weight), body fat percentage, waist circumference, and maximal oxygen consumption were maintained and muscular strength and lean body mass significantly increased. Abdominal adipose tissue depots, insulin, HOMA, and QUICKI did not significantly change after weight regain. Resistance training was effective in maintaining improvements in metabolic health during weight regain.

Omega‐3 Fatty Acids and the Cardiometabolic Syndrome

Benefits of fish consumption in patients with the cardiometabolic syndrome relate to the high biologic value of protein, omega-3 fatty acids, as well as certain minerals and vitamins in fish. Recently, the American Heart Association issued new guidelines for the intake of omega-3 oils for the prevention of coronary heart disease. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential health benefits of fish consumption and/or fish oil supplements in reducing cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors. The consumption of fish or fish oil containing omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids reduces the risk of coronary heart disease, decreases triglyceride, blood pressure, and inflammatory markers, improves endothelial function, prevents certain cardiac arrhythmias, reduces platelet aggregation (including reactivity and adhesion), reduces vasoconstriction, enhances fibrinolysis, reduces fibrin formation, and decreases the risk of microalbuminuria and sudden cardiac death. Thus, fish intake or fish oil supplement use is beneficial to reduce cardiometabolic risk factors.