Abstract
Capsaicinoids are bioactive nutrients present within red hot peppers reported to cut ad libitum food intake, to increase energy expenditure (thermogenesis) and lipolysis, and to result in weight loss over time. In addition it has shown more benefits such as improvement in reducing oxidative stress and inflammation, improving vascular health, improving endothelial function, lowering blood pressure, reducing endothelial cytokines, cholesterol lowering effects, reducing blood glucose, improving insulin sensitivity, and reducing inflammatory risk factors. All these beneficial effects together help to modulate cardiometabolic syndrome risk factors. The early identification of cardiometabolic risk factors can help try to prevent obesity, hypertension, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Highlights
Obesity is becoming an epidemic condition and tends to raise diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and inflammatory disorders
Leung [42] reported that hormone sensitive lipase [Hormone sensitive lipase (HSL)], carnitine palmitoyl transferase-Iα [CPTI-α], and uncoupling protein 2 [UCP2] genes were upregulated significantly and these genes are involved in lipid catabolism. These results suggest that CAPs affect lipolysis through lipid catabolism, including thermogenesis [i.e., UCP2] [41]
It was concluded that CAPs could favorably modulate metabolism and possess beneficial effects on thermogenesis, lipolysis, insulin resistance, satiety, resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), free fatty acids (FFA), and glycerol release and regulate adipose tissue distribution
Summary
Obesity is becoming an epidemic condition and tends to raise diabetes, coronary heart disease, hypertension, and inflammatory disorders. Janssens et al [50] demonstrated that respiratory quotient (RQ) was more decreased at 75% capsaicin (CAPS, P = 0.04) These results suggest that an enhancement of energy metabolism may be due to a direct (as an agonist) and/or an indirect (via catecholamine) beta-adrenergic action. Higher plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels were observed at 30 min after the meal These results suggest that hot red pepper ingestion stimulates carbohydrate oxidation. It was concluded that CAPs could favorably modulate metabolism and possess beneficial effects on thermogenesis, lipolysis, insulin resistance, satiety, resting energy expenditure (REE), respiratory quotient, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), free fatty acids (FFA), and glycerol release and regulate adipose tissue distribution
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