Carcass Shape Research Articles

The influence of the tasmanian Fine-Woolled Merino on carcass characteristics of lambs

Growth and carcass characteristics have been studied in lambs bred so as to illustrate the influence of Fine-Woolled Merino ancestry in contributing from 0% to 100% of the genotype. Five groups of lambs were bred as follows: 1. 0% Merino: Suffolk ♂ × Scottish Halfbred ♀ 2. 25% Merino: Suffolk ♂ × (Merino ♂ × Scottish Halfbred ♀) ♀ 3. 50% Merino: Merino ♂ × Scottish Halfbred ♀ 4. 75% Merino: Merino ♂ × (Merino ♂ × Scottish Halfbred ♀) ♀ 5. 100% Merino: Merino ♂ × Merino ♀ All the lambs were reared artificially on cold milk substitute after suckling their dams for one day only. They were weaned at six weeks of age and subsequently fattened on a barley plus fish meal concentrate diet to an empty body weight of approximately 35 kg, when they were slaughtered. Complete growth, slaughter and carcass records were taken. The main effects of increasing the proportion of Merino were to decrease the daily liveweight gain; to decrease the percentage of bone and increase the muscle:bone ratio in the trimmed carcass; in respect of carcass conformation to increase the percentage of thorax, rib, flank and foreloin, and decrease the percentage of upper leg and shoulder; to alter carcass shape, particularly leg shape by increasing its length and decreasing its thickness; and with regard to fat deposition, to increase the internal fat and decrease the external fat in the empty body. The growth, carcass composition and joint proportion differences can be related to the small mature size of the pure Merino, and thus its greater maturity at slaughter; shape and fat distribution differences typify the more primitive and less improved meat character of the Merino.

Muscle weight distribution in four breeds of cattle with reference to individual muscles, anatomical groups and wholesale cuts

SummaryOne side of each of 51 carcasses of Hereford, Angus, Friesian and Charolais cross-bred steers was dissected and the weights of individual muscles and total carcass muscle were obtained. The percentage distribution of total carcass muscle weight in muscles and in. standard groups of muscles was determined. In addition, the percentage distribution of total carcass muscle weight in wholesale cuts was determined from the weights of whole and part muscles specified as comprising the respective cuts.Minor breed differences only were found in muscle weight distribution among muscles, groups of muscles and wholesale cuts. Similarity of muscle weight distribution in the different types of carcasses studied shows that carcass shape is not associated with differences in the distribution of muscle weight in wholesale cuts.

Recording carcass shape by a moiré method

A moire method of obtaining contours of equal depth on photographic records of lamb and pig carcasses is described and assessed. The method, which is both simple to use and inexpensive, yields contour maps directly. These may be used either as an aid to subjective assessment of shape or for accurate quantitative measurement.

Does Live-Animal and Carcass Shape Influence Gross Composition?

Does Live-Animal and Carcass Shape Influence Gross Composition?

Mathematical Prediction of Dynamic Tire Behavior

Abstract The subject of the problems and progress in predicting the mechanical behavior of tires subjected to dynamic loading is treated in two parts. The difficulties associated with this problem and various methods that have been proposed for its treatment are first discussed. The application of finite element techniques is emphasized, both with respect to current success and future potential. The second part presents a detailed analysis of this same problem using classical membrane theory. Although the model is developed using the same basic considerations employed by earlier investigators, its final formulation provides for greater generality and flexibility in application. It has the capability of defining meridian profiles and, consequently, cord strains under a condition of inflation and centrifugal loading as a function of geometric and cord load parameters designated at any point on the tire carcass. The result is a method of analysis which can be easily applied to study the effects of a variety of tire design and constructional constraints on carcass shape and cord tensions.

The Influence of Geometric and Cord-Load Design Parameters on the Profile Shape and Cord Tensions in Inflated Pneumatic Tires

A mathematical model for the bias-ply pneumatic tire is presented. Based on the linear-membrane theory of thin shells of revolution, the present model exhibits greater generality in development and flexibility in use than previous models. As presented here, the model has the capability of defining meridian profiles as a function of geometric and cord-load parameters designated at any point on the tire carcass. The result is a model capable of effecting parametric studies for the effects of tire design and construction constraints on carcass shape and cord load.