Carbonate Apatite Research Articles

A novel hydroxyapatite fiber material for the regeneration of critical-sized rabbit calvaria defects

Hydroxyapatite (HA) [Ca10 (PO4)6 (OH)2] has a high degree of chemical similarity with the mineral composition of animal bone. Hydroxyapatite fiber scaffold (HAF) is a biological material with a highly interconnected porous structure. We aimed to study the physical and biological characteristics of HAF and compare the osteogenic effects of HAF, natural osteogenic materials (NOM), and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap-DP) in the parietal defects of a rabbit's skull. X-ray analysis and histological assessment showed that HAF followed a trend of early initial osteogenesis and bone trabecular structure formation, especially at the cortical bone portion.Compared to the other two materials, HAF was more absorptive. Results indicated that HAF had the same osteoconductive and new bone formation properties as NOM and CO3Ap-DP. These findings will provide options for future material development and novel protocols for use in surgeries, ultimately leading to better patient outcomes.

Fabrication of highly interconnected porous carbonate apatite blocks based on the setting reaction of calcium sulfate hemihydrate granules

Interconnected porous carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) blocks that emulate cancellous bone have potential as an alternative to autografts. The present study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of fabricating a block via a stepwise compositional transformation to CO3Ap through dissolution-precipitation reactions of an interconnected porous calcium sulfate dihydrate (CSD) block, which was obtained by the setting reaction of calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CSH) granules. Exposure of the CSH granules to water resulted in a setting reaction. However, the gaps between the granules were clogged, preventing the fabrication of interconnected porous structures. Removing the water in the gaps using filter paper was beneficial in avoiding gap clogging and in fabricating interconnected porous CSD blocks. Although the CSD blocks transformed into CaCO3 blocks, which maintained the interconnected porous structure through a dissolution-precipitation reaction in a Na2CO3 solution, their mechanical strength was quite low (diametral tensile strength: DTS = 75 kPa). In contrast, a CaCO3 block with a much greater mechanical strength (DTS = 0.98 MPa) was fabricated when a calcium sulfate anhydrous block made via the heat treatment of the CSD block was used as a precursor. The CaCO3 block transformed into a CO3Ap block (DTS = 2.1 MPa), maintaining the interconnected porous structure through a dissolution-precipitation reaction when immersed in a Na2HPO4 solution. The CO3Ap block had macropores initiated by the gaps between the granules and micropores created by the setting reaction of CSH granules and the dissolution-precipitation reactions to form CO3Ap. The results obtained in the present study demonstrate that this method is useful for fabricating interconnected porous CO3Ap blocks.

Impacts of channel direction on bone tissue engineering in 3D-printed carbonate apatite scaffolds

Although the channel architecture of a scaffold is critical for bone regeneration, little is known for the channel direction. In this study, four types of carbonate apatite cylindrical scaffolds; scaffolds with biaxial channels (VH-scaffold), with uniaxial vertical channels (V-scaffold), with uniaxial horizontal channels (H-scaffold), and without channels (N-scaffold), were implanted in a rabbit femur defect for 4 and 12 weeks. Although the largest bone was formed 4 weeks post-implantation in the VH-scaffold, newly formed bone disappeared with the scaffold after 12 weeks. Thus, biaxial channels resulted in the rapid dissolution of the scaffold and were counterproductive in long-term bone regeneration. The V-scaffold that had channels connected to the periosteum was gradually resorbed throughout 12 weeks post-implantation. The percentage of mineralized bone in the V-scaffolds was equal to that in the natural bone. The resorption and bone percentage of H-scaffolds that had no channels connected to the periosteum were slower and lower, respectively, than those of V-scaffolds. Thus, channels should be connected to the periosteum to achieve smooth replacement by the new bone. In the N-scaffold, much less bone was formed inside the scaffold. This study contributes to providing a design guide for scaffold development in bone engineering.

In vivo histomorphologically evaluate of the initial bone healing in geopolymer-carbonated apatite nanocomposites as a potential dental implant material

Introduction: Dental implants have become more common treatment for replacing missing teeth. Titanium and zirconia have been widely applied as dental implant material because of their excellent biocompatibility and biomechanics properties. However, they are lack of biologically active surface that encourages osseointegration and their mechanical properties significant different from enamel and dentin value. Carbonate apatite Ca10(PO4)x(CO3)y(OH)z comprises a chemical composition closer to bone and enamel. Calcium phosphate are widely used as biomaterials, their osteoconductive and osteoinductive properties have shown beneficial effect on bone osteogenesis. Geopolymers are ceramic-like inorganic polymers, they have excellent mechanical properties, bioactivity, biocompatibility, suitable for hard tissue prostheses, and environmentally friendly. The aim of the study was to evaluate the initial bone healing in geopolymer-carbonated apatite (CHA) nanocomposites. Methods: Geopolymer-CHA nanocomposites samples were prepared in cylinder of 3 mm diameter and 6 mm thickness and placed in the tibia of eight healthy male breeding New Zealand white rabbits weighing 3.0 to 3.5 kg and 6 month aged. Experimental subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups for evaluating initial bone healing capability around samples to 14 and 28 days histomorphologically. Wilcoxon test was performed and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant, Minitab software version 13 was used. Result:Granulation tissue, woven, and lamellar bone were analyzed. Day 14 revealed a reactive bone formation, which was characterized by granulation tissue, fibroblasts were in an organized extracellular collagen matrix, osteoblast that directly laid out woven bone contained of immature osteoids, and immature osteocytes were observed. The formation of dense fibrocollagen connective tissue that would be the cartilage, osteoblasts, osteoids, and osteocytes showed more mature while woven bone became denser at day 28.Conclusion: Geopolymer-CHA nanocomposites was a potential dental implant material from mechanical and biological properties point of view.Keywords: Histomorphologically, initial bone response, geopolimer-carbonated apatite nanocomposites, dental implant material

Trends in urinary stone composition in 23,182 stone analyses from 2011 to 2019: a high-volume center study in China.

To evaluate the distribution and dynamic trends in constituents of urinary stones in China. The composition of 23,182 stones were analyzed and then recorded between January 2011 and December 2019. The characteristics in terms of stone patient's gender, age and calendar year were analyzed. Most stones (22,172,95.64%) had several crystal components, among which 40.25% (8925/22,172) were mixtures with infection components. Calcium oxalate (CaOx) and uric acid (UA) stones were more commonly encountered in men, but calcium phosphate (CaP), magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) and carbonate apatite (CA) stones were more prevalent in women (p < 0.05). In males, the proportion of CaOx stones increased up to the age of 40, but subsequently decreased (p < 0.001). Interestingly, females showed an inverse trend regarding CaOx stones (p < 0.001). The proportion of UA stones increased with age (p < 0.001), and CA stones most frequently were recorded at age 20-49. Over the past 9years, UA, CA, and MAP stones increased over time, whereas there was a tendency for CaOx stones to decrease (p < 0.05). The scarcity of pure stones and a certain proportion of mixtures with infection stone components (e.g., mixtures of CaOx and CA) suggest that treatment directed against a single stone component is insufficient for effective recurrence prevention. Age and gender were significant determinants of stone composition, and according to the observed chronological trends, it seems that in the future, more UA, CA and MAP stones and fewer CaOx stones may be encountered in the studied population.

Comparison of the performances of low-crystalline carbonate apatite and Bio-Oss in sinus augmentation using three-dimensional image analysis

BackgroundIn locations where the alveolar bone height is low, such as at the maxillary molars, implant placement can be difficult, or even impossible, without procedures aimed at generating new bone, such as sinus lifts. Various types of bone graft materials are used after a sinus lift. In our study, a three-dimensional image analysis using a volume analyzer was performed to measure and compare the volume of demineralized bovine bone mineral (Bio-Oss®) and carbonate apatite (Cytrans®) after a sinus lift, as well as the amount of bone graft material resorption. Patient data were collected from cone-beam computed tomography images taken before, immediately following, and 6 months after the sinus lift. Using these images, both the volume and amount of resorption of each bone graft material were measured using a three-dimensional image analysis system.ResultsThe amount of bone resorption in the Bio-Oss®-treated group was 25.2%, whereas that of the Cytrans®-treated group was 14.2%. A significant difference was found between the two groups (P < 0.001).ConclusionsOur findings indicate that the volume of bone resorption was smaller in the Cytrans®-treated group than in the Bio-Oss®-treated group, suggesting that Cytrans® is more promising for successful implant treatments requiring a sinus lift.

Synthesis, Structural Characterization, Degradation Rate, and Biocompatibility of Magnesium-Carbonate Apatite (Mg-Co3Ap) Composite and Its Potential as Biodegradable Orthopaedic Implant Base Material

Suitable biomechanical properties with a degradation rate parallel to normal bone healing time are vital characteristics for biodegradable implant material in orthopaedics. Magnesium (Mg) is a natural micronutrient as well as biodegradable metal with biomechanical characteristics close to that of the human bone, while carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) is a biological apatite with good osteoconductivity which allows bone healing without forming fibrotic tissue. We fabricated a Mg-CO3Ap composite with various content ratios by powder metallurgy, various milling times (3, 5, and 7 hours) at 200 RPM, warm compaction at 300°C and pressure of 265 MPa, sintering at 550°C, holding time of 1 hour, heating rate of 5°C/minutes, and room atmosphere cooling. Specimens were successfully created and had a density comparable to that of the human bone (1.95-2.13 g/cm3). Good biocompatibility was found on Mg-10% CO3Ap composite (66.67% of viable cells). Nevertheless, its biomechanical properties and corrosion resistance were inferior to the human bone. Additionally, the materials of the composites make the surrounding environment alkaline. Interparticle consolidation and grain size were dissatisfactory due to microstructural pores presumably formed by the Mg(OH)2 layer and oxidation process during sintering. However, alkaline condition caused by the material corrosion by-product might be beneficial for bone healing and wound healing process. Modifications on fabrication parameters are needed to improve interparticle consolidation, refine grain size, improve biomechanical strength, reduce corrosion products, and improve the degradation rate.

Minor salivary gland sialolithiasis associated with a palatal sialocele in a dog

A five-year-old Labrador retriever was referred for progressively worsening inspiratory stridorand accompanying dyspnea. Oropharyngeal inspection identified a mass in the soft palate as the cause for upper airway obstruction. Fine-needle aspiration of the mass evacuated mucohemorrhagic fluid and revealed multiple sialoliths. The sialocele was surgically explored, all sialoliths were removed, the lining of the sialocele was resected, and the remaining defect in the palate was reconstructed and closed. Histology of submitted tissues confirmed it to be a sialocele and the sialoliths consisted of protein and carbonate apatite. The dog made an unremarkable recovery and was discharged on the same day. No recurrence occurred and the dog was free of any respiratory symptoms six months post treatment.

Reconstruction of critical-size segmental defects in rat femurs using carbonate apatite honeycomb scaffolds.

Critical-size segmental defects are formidable challenges in orthopedic surgery. Various scaffolds have been developed to facilitate bone reconstruction within such defects. Many previously studied scaffolds achieved effective outcomes with a combination of high cost, high-risk growth factors or stem cells. Herein, we developed honeycomb scaffolds (HCSs) comprising carbonate apatite (CO3 Ap) containing 8% carbonate, identical to human bone composition. The CO3 Ap HCSs were white-columned blocks harboring regularly arranged macropore channels of a size and wall thickness of 156 ± 5μm and 102 ± 10μm, respectively. The compressive strengths of the HCSs parallel and perpendicular to the macropore channel direction were 51.0 ± 11.8 and 15.6 ± 2.2MPa, respectively. The HCSs were grafted into critical-sized segmental defects in rat femurs. The HCSs bore high-load stresses without any observed breakage. Two-weeks post-implantation, calluses formed around the HCSs and immature bone formed in the HCS interior. The calluses and immature bone matured until 8 weeks via endochondral ossification. At 12 weeks post-implantation, large parts of the HCSs were gradually replaced by newly formed bone. The bone reconstruction efficacy of the CO3 Ap HCSs alone was comparable to that of protein and cell scaffolds, while achieving a lower cost and increased safety.

The impact of the size of bone substitute granules on macrophage and osteoblast behaviors in vitro

ObjectiveBone substitute (BS) size might influence the clinical outcomes of guided bone regeneration (GBR) procedures. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of BS size on macrophage (Mφ) and osteoblast behaviors in vitro.Materials and methodsTwo different granule sizes (S and M/L) were assessed for four different commercial BSs: deproteinized bovine bone mineral (DBBM), biphasic calcium phosphate type 1 (BCP1), BCP type 2 (BCP2), and carbonate apatite (CO3Ap). The BSs were compared for their impacts on the cell viability and differentiation potential of THP-1-derived Mφs and human osteoblast-like Saos-2 cells.ResultsThe smaller granules showed higher material volumes and surface areas than the larger granules. Significantly higher viability of Mφs and Saos-2 cells was observed with the DBBM_L-size granules than with the DBBM_S-size granules. Gene expression experiments in Mφs revealed few differences between the two sizes of each BS, although higher CD206 mRNA levels were observed in the BCP1_L group and the CO3Ap_M group than in the respective S-size groups on day 1. Only DBBM showed significantly higher mRNA levels of osteogenic markers, including Runx2 and osteocalcin, in Saos-2 cells in the S-size group than in the L-size group.ConclusionsThe S-size and L-size DBBM granules exhibited clear differences in cell outcomes: cells cultured on the S-size granules exhibited lower cell viability, higher osteopromotive ability, and no noticeable Mφ polarization changes.Clinical relevanceA smaller granule size might be advantageous due to greater bone regeneration potential in the use of DBBM granules to treat defects.

Characterization of carbonate apatite derived from chicken bone and its in-vitro evaluation using MC3T3-E1 cells

Chicken bone by-product has the potential to be utilized as a source of carbonate apatite (CO3Ap) for the preparation of bone grafts. In this study, the raw bones were cleaned with NaCl and then immersed in NaOH solution at 80 °C. After chemical treatment, the as-prepared powder was calcined in a range of 300 °C–900 °C. The results showed that calcination was useful for the complete elimination of organic residues; but, it led to increasing of crystal size, coarsening of particles, and the loss of the carbonate groups in the apatite structure. In vitro evaluation showed that CO3Ap prepared at the optimum temperature, 500 °C, exhibited a great biological response; such as good cell attachment, cell viability, and cell morphology. This research suggests a promising biomaterial for the fabrication of bone substitutes and could offer a solution for recycling and adding value to food waste.

Temperature and precipitation regime in LGM human refugia of southwestern Europe inferred from δ13C and δ18O of large mammal remains

The climate shift of the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) strongly impacted the vegetation cover and related trophic chains of western Europe. Harsh, cold and dry conditions then prevailed in most regions, strongly impacting migrations and survival of human beings. Nonetheless, environments suitable for mammalian fauna to survive persisted in SW Europe thus providing refugia for hunters. Tooth enamel from large herbivorous mammal remains from archaeological sites located in southwest France and Spain were analyzed for their stable carbon and oxygen isotope compositions for documenting paleotemperatures and paleoprecipitations. These sites were occupied by humans between 25 ky and 16 ky. Skeletal remains of Cervidae, Equidae and Caprinae suggest colder and drier conditions relative to present-day. Paleoprecipitations were reconstructed from a modern-based transfer function using δ13C-values of apatite carbonate, then corrected for the low atmospheric pCO2 value of the LGM. They ranged from ≈250 mm yr−1 on the Mediterranean façade, to ≈550 mm yr−1 on the Atlantic side. Setting the δ18O-value of the northeastern North Atlantic LGM-surface water to +0.8‰, based on Biscay Golf marine core studies, mean air temperatures inferred from 18O-data in apatite calcite were close to 14–15 °C (Mediterranean) and 6 °C–10 °C (Atlantic), i.e., about 4–5 °C and 5–8 °C higher than pre-industrial temperatures, respectively. The two areas thus define distinct clusters of air temperatures and precipitation regimes with strong negative offsets vs the Present. These isotopically-reconstructed climate conditions indicate a strong control from proximal surface ocean/marine waters, in particular of mean annual air temperatures.

The use of carbonate apatite bioglass cement as pulp capping material examined from reparative dentin

Root canal infection potentially develops to periapical infection as a result of opening of pulp chamber as a pathway for irritants to periapical area. Proper pulp capping procedure can be done to prevent root canal infection by preserving the vitality of the pulp and inducing reparative dentin. Generally, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH2)) is used as pulp capping material although it stil3Ap) and CO3Ap bioglass cement are bioceramic materials proven for their ability to form new bone structure upon a research on bone tissue. These materials have better mechanical strength than Ca(OH2) and have the ability to set in humid environment similar to the body’s physiological condition. This study was a preclinical trial of CO3Ap and CO3Ap bioglass cement as pulp capping material. The materials were applied on a perforation site of 24 Wistar rat teeth, divided into 4 groups of different treatments, negative control (no treatment), positive control (Ca(OH2)), CO3Ap, and CO3Ap bioglass, respectively. Following the application of the pulp capping materials, the perforation sites were covered with light-cured glass ionomer cement. Evaluation of reparative dentin was performed after 21 days, where the rats were euthanized, and histopathological specimens were stained using hematoxylin and eosin. The results of the study revealed that dentinal bridge was formed on all the treatment and positive control groups (p=0.000) but not on the negative control. We concluded that CO3Ap as well as CO3Ap bioglass cement have the ability to induce the formation of reparative dentin, therefore both materials can be considered as pulp capping material for open pulp or thin dentin condition on pulp chamber roof.

Defect structures of sodium and chloride co-substituted hydroxyapatite and its osseointegration capacity

A defect structure and osseointegration capacity of sodium and chloride co-substituted hydroxyapatite (NaClAp) were newly studied. The NaClAp was prepared by reacting H3PO4 and Ca(OH)2 with NaNO3 and NH4Cl followed by sintering; pure hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized as a control. After sintering, the co-substitution of Ca and OH with Na and Cl, respectively, produced charged point defects at Ca and PO4 sites. Also, OH molecules partially adopted a head-on structure. The calculated total system energy of NaClAp was higher, whereas the binding energies between each constituent elements and system were lower than those of HAp. These results suggest that NaClAp was less stable than HAp, due to the formation of various defects by co-substitution of Na and Cl. Indeed, NaClAp exhibited higher dissolution behavior in simulated body fluid (SBF) compared with HAp. Accordingly, this increased the capability to produce low crystalline hydroxyl carbonate apatite, likely due to the increasing degree of apatite supersaturation in SBF. Besides, the NaClAp granules showed noticeable improvements in osseointegration capacity four weeks after in vivo test compared with HAp. Collectively, these results imply that the defects made by multiple ion substitutions are useful to increase osseointegration capacity of hydroxyapatite.

Comparative Analysis of Kidney Stone Composition in Patients from Ghana and South Africa: Case Study of Kidney Stones from Accra and Cape Town

Background: Kidney stone disease, also termed nephrolithiasis is associated with significant morbidities such as severe colicky flank pain, haematuria, urinary tract infection and kidney failure. Kidney stone disease was perceived as uncommon in developing countries; however, the global prevalence has been rising over the past two decades due to lifestyle changes. There is very limited literature on kidney stone composition in Africa, including Ghana and South Africa. It was based on this evidence that this study was undertaken. Aim: The primary aim of this study was to describe and compare the composition of kidney stone in patients receiving treatment at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital (KBTH), Accra (Ghana) and Groote Schuur Hospital (GSH), Cape Town (South Africa). Methods: The study was a retrospective folder review of patients treated for nephrolithiasis at the Korle-Bu Teaching Hospital in Accra (Ghana) and Groote Schuur Hospital in Cape Town (South Africa). Patients who were treated for kidney stone disease between 1st June 2016 and 31st May 2018 were recruited, and their folder numbers were retrieved from theatre logbooks. A total of hundred and sixty-three (n = 163) folders (n = 30 KBTH; n = 133 GSH) were subsequently retrieved from the two facilities’ records department. Demographic data and kidney stone analysis results were analyzed using the R statistical software. Results: The age of KBTH patients ranged from 24 to 75 years and age of 45 years, while that of GSH ranged 19 to 77 years and median age 48 years respectively. Males were the majority stone formers for both hospitals [56.7% KBTH; 59.4% GSH]. There was no statistical difference in gender (p = 0.9447) and age (p = 0.2612) between the two groups. Calcium oxalate (86.7%) and uric acid (90.0%) were the commonest components of the kidney stones analyzed from the KBTH. Calcium oxalate (66.2%) and carbonate apatite (40.6%) were the most common components stones from GSH. Brushite (3.0%), cystine (3.8%) and struvite (19.6%) stones were only found in GSH patients. All kidney stones from the KBTH were mixed stones. Pure kidney stones were only found among the GSH dataset constituting 48.9%, also female patients from GSH formed more mixed stones than their male counterparts (M:F = 40.5%:66.67%) and infection kidney stones were also predominantly found among female patients. Conclusion: The findings indicate that the two facilities’ participants are not different in terms of gender and age. However, the composition of stones was found to be different between participants from both hospitals. This suggests that kidney stone composition may be influenced by patients’ geographical location and or cultural background.

Inorganic process for wet silica-doping of calcium phosphate.

Silica is not only a biocompatible trace element but also an essential element for bone formation and metabolism. Therefore, it is often doped into bioceramics such as calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate for enhancing biomaterial ability. Heretofore, organic silica materials are employed as silica sources, but the residual organic matter is a significant drawback in biomaterial applications. Therefore, in this study, we introduce a one-pot inorganic synthesis method for the formation of silica-doped octacalcium phosphate (OCP) using Na2SiO3 as the silica source. Silica was intercalated into the OCP unit lattice, replacing its hydrous layer structure, and then a layer-by-layer structure of apatite and silica was formed. Furthermore, by immersing the fabricated silica-doped OCP into suitable solutions, both silica-doped hydroxyapatite and carbonate apatite were fabricated through a one-step inorganic processes.

Hydrothermal synthesis of perfectly shaped micro- and nanosized carbonated apatite

Herein we present a Ca[EDTA]-based synthesis and comparative study of perfectly shaped plate-like, rod–like, and prism-like carbonated apatites.

Honeycomb scaffolds capable of achieving barrier membrane-free guided bone regeneration

Carbonate apatite honeycomb scaffolds achieve barrier membrane-free guided bone regeneration that can resolve the current challenges in vertical bone augmentation.

Influence of different incision designs on bone increment of guided bone regeneration (Bio-Gide collagen membrane +Bio-OSS bone powder) during the same period of maxillary anterior tooth implantation

ABSTRACT Exploring the influence of different incision designs on bone increment of guided bone regeneration [Bio-Gide collagen membrane +Bio-OSS bone powder (carbonate apatite crystal extracted from bovine bones), Bio-OSS bone meal was placed on the surface of the bone defect and then covered with a Bio-Gide membrane to close the wound] during the same period of maxillary anterior tooth implantation. The 99 patients from the stomatology department were divided into 3 groups: small incision (N = 30, group A), wide incision (N = 39, group B), internal gingival sulcus incision (N = 30, group C). At the different time (immediately after surgery, 6 months, 12 months and 24 months), the width and height of labial bone at different implant margin (2 mm, 4 mm, 6 mm) has no significant difference in comparison of any two of the three groups (p > 0.05). The score of esthetic feeling in group A was significant higher than group C (P < 0.05). The PPD, the incidence of SH, BOP in group A were all significant higher than group B (P < 0.05). The PISm, PISd, PPD, the incidence of SH and BOP in group A were all significant higher than group C (P < 0.05). The PISm, PISd, PPD, the incidence of SH and BOP in group B were all significant higher than group C (P < 0.05). The three groups has no significant different on the influence bone increment. The soft tissue condition around the implant after surgery was better in internal gingival crevicular incision than others two incisions, large-scale incision better than small incisions.

Investigation of ancient teeth using Raman spectroscopy and synchrotron radiation Fourier-transform infrared (SR-µFTIR): mapping and novel method of dating

Raman spectroscopy and Synchrotron Radiation Fourier-Transform Infrared (SR-µFTIR): Mapping have been increasingly applied as a good tool in archaeological research. The chronology of ancient samples is an essential step in archeology, and carbon dating using atomic force microscopy is the main technique. Nevertheless, the availability of instrumentation, sample preparation, and cost are barriers that limit the wide usage. The study was aimed to develop a method utilizing Raman spectroscopy and Synchrotron Radiation Fourier-Transform Infrared (SR-µFTIR) Mapping to identify ancient teeth and sort them chronologically. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy was used to evaluate the preservation of collagen and the crystallinity of Apatite in ancient teeth. The age of fourteen ancient teeth descent from different individuals (8 from Roman period-1500BC and 4 from Byzantine period-641AD) was confirmed using carbon dating via atomic force spectrometry. The ancient teeth along with modern teeth were investigated using microRaman spectroscopy (oscillation and mapping). The typical Raman spectrum of the dentin for ancient samples was recorded and then compared to the modern teeth. The ratio of the phosphate 𝑃𝑂4 3− the band at 963 cm-1 to organic CH band at 2950 cm-1 was calculated for all samples. Raman mapping was recorded for cross-section teeth samples. The AMS data showed that the ages of the samples were 3400-3800 and 1240-1350 years for Roman and Byzantine teeth, respectively. The phosphate ν1 𝑃𝑂4 3− vibration band at (963 cm-1 ) in ancient teeth was shifted 3 cm-1 toward higher wavenumber compared to modern dentin samples (960 cm-1 ). The intensity and broadening of the carbonate apatite band at 1050 cm-1 were directly proportional to the aging. The intensity of the organic part triplet peaks at (2882, 2950, 2962) decreased with age. The ratio of phosphate band to organic C-H band was 0.346-0.388 and 0.122-0.136 for Roman and Byzantine teeth, respectively. According to the Raman mapping, the organic material in ancient teeth degraded and diffused, while in modern tooth it concentrated. Raman spectroscopy (intensity at 963 cm1 to 2950 cm-1) can be used as a qualitative tool to chronologically sort the archeological teeth samples before the use of carbon dating. The preliminary dating by Raman spectroscopy can recognize if a tooth or bone sample is archaeological or not. This step may save time and money and shall be assigned as a pre-request for AMS analysis. Raman mapping may help to explore archeological samples for best-preserved organic matter, hence identify the best candidates for further analysis (DNA extraction). In the future, the proposed method can be expanded and applied in specific cases in ancient osteology.