Abstract
Carbonate apatite honeycomb scaffolds achieve barrier membrane-free guided bone regeneration that can resolve the current challenges in vertical bone augmentation.
Highlights
Long-term clinical success of dental implants depends on the height and volume of the alveolar bone available.[1,2] alveolar bone augmentation is necessary when there is insufficient bone
We did not evaluate the effects of channel aperture size 4 300 mm on the tissue responses; we demonstrated that both osteogenesis and angiogenesis were substantially promoted when the channel aperture size was 4 230 mm.[40,41]
The carbonate apatite (CAp) HC scaffolds were formed via dissolution– precipitation reaction; they were precisely shaped into cylinders using computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (Fig. 1d)
Summary
Long-term clinical success of dental implants depends on the height and volume of the alveolar bone available.[1,2] alveolar bone augmentation is necessary when there is insufficient bone. Used barrier membranes are divided into non-resorbable and resorbable.[17] The use of non-resorbable barrier membranes (e.g., polytetrafluoroethylene, expanded polytetrafluoroethylene membrane, and titanium mesh) requires a secondary surgery for membrane removal, and the membrane stiffness often causes soft tissue dehiscence, resulting in wound infection and an extended healing period.[18,19,20,21,22] Resorbable barrier membranes (e.g., polylactide, polyglycolide, polycaprolactone, and collagen) provide less volume stability during bone repair, because of the faster resorption, than the complete bone regeneration (3–6 months), resulting in the premature loss of mechanical properties.[23] The biodegradation of these membranes causes an inflammatory reaction in the soft tissue.[24] Considering these
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