Solvents Carbon Tetrachloride Research Articles

Versatile Application of TiO2@PDA Modified Filter Paper for Oily Wastewater Treatment

Although membrane separation technology has been widely used in the treatment of oily wastewater, the complexity and high cost of the membrane preparation, as well as its poor stability, limit its further development. In this study, via the vacuum-assisted suction filtration method, polydopamine (PDA)-coated TiO2 nanoparticles were tightly attached and embedded on both sides of laboratory filter paper (FP). The resultant FP possessed the typical wettability of high hydrophilicity in the air with the water contact angle (WCA) of 28°, superoleophilicity with the oil contact angle (OCA) close to 0°, underwater superoleophobicity with the underwater OCA greater than 150°, and superhydrophobicity under the water with the underoil WCA over 150° for five kinds of organic solvents (carbon tetrachloride, toluene, n-hexane, n-octane, and iso-octane). The separation efficiency of immiscible oil/water, oil-in-water, and water-in-oil emulsions using the modified FP is higher than 99%. After 17 cycles of emulsion separation, a high separation efficiency of 99% was still maintained for the FP, along with good chemical and mechanical stability. In addition, successful separation and purification were also realized for the oil-in-water emulsion that contained the methylene blue (MB) dye, along with the complete degradation of MB in an aqueous solution under UV irradiation.

Effect of the Filler Modification on the Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Composite Polypropylene/Wollastonite Drawn Fibers.

Polypropylene (PP) is one of the most commercially used thermoplastics, while a significant amount of PP is used in the form of fibers. In this study, the effects of modification of the filler on the thermal and mechanical properties of composite polypropylene/wollastonite drawn fibers were investigated. In this direction, the surface modification of wollastonite with various organic acids, such as myristic, maleic, malonic glutaric, pimelic, and suberic acid, and the use of two solvents were studied. The surface-modified wollastonite particles were used to produce composite polypropylene drawn fibers. The modification efficiency was found to be slightly better when a non-polar solvent (carbon tetrachloride) was used instead of a polar one (ethanol). FTIR experiments showed that myristic, maleic, malonic, and pimelic acid can strongly interact with wollastonite's surface. However, the mechanical strength of the composite fibers was not increased compared to that of the neat PP fibers, suggesting inadequate interactions between PP and wollastonite particles. Furthermore, it was observed that the drawing process increased around 10% the crystallinity of all samples. Wollastonite modified with malonic acid acted as a nucleating agent for β-crystals. The onset decomposition temperature increased by 5-10 °C for all samples containing 2% wollastonite, either modified or not. The suggested modifications of wollastonite might be more suitable for less hydrophobic polymers.

FLAVONOIDS OF THE FAR EASTERN SPECIES OF THE GENUS BUPLEURUM L.

Compounds of the flavonoid class were isolated from six species of plants of the genus Bupleurum L. growing in the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai, Magadan Region) by liquid extraction. Five compounds were identified by reversed-phase liquid chromatography: avicularin, rutin, narcissin, quercetin, isorhamnetin. Avicularin has been identified in the plants B. atargense, B. longiradiatum for the first time. The structure of compounds (avicularin, rutin, narcissin) isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel in the gradient elution mode with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol) was proved by NMR-1H, 13C, 1H,13C-HMBC spectroscopy and mass spectrometry with ESI. The sum of flavonoids in the aerial part of six species of the genus Bupleurum L. was determined by differential spectrophotometry, the mass fraction of which varies from 0.58 to 2.92%. The highest content of flavonoids was found in B. euphoiroides – 2.92±0.58%, and the least – in B. longiradiatum (0.58±0.12%). Comparative analysis of individual flavonoids in species of the genus Bupleurum L. revealed the specificity of their accumulation. The main flavonoid in the aerial part of B. atargense, B. euphoiroides is quercetin – 1.14±0.23%, 0.92±0.18%, and in B. triradiatum, B. komarovianum, B. scorzonerifolium, B. longiradiatum – rutin (0.47±0.09%, 0.18±0.04%, 0.32±0.08%, 0.13±0.03% accordingly).

Beneficiation of Solutes from Solvents: A Case of Oxalic Acid, Succinic Acid and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic Acid in Carbon Tetrachloride

Background: This paper reports the beneficiation of Oxalic acid, Succinic acid and Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solutes from Carbon tetrachloride, Diethyl ether and n-Hexane solvents respectively. These solutes are the extracts obtained from the recovery from the binary immiscible solvents namely: Carbon tetrachloride-Water, Diethyl ether-Water and n-Hexane-Water that were used in accordance with the partition coefficient technique as reported by Onyeocha et. al. This technique was employed in the leaching of the specific solute from the contaminants. As described by Onyeocha et. al., the process was brought about by the diffusion equilibrium attained by the solute in the system i.e. the binary immiscible solvent(s) at a constant temperature and pressure. The spontaneous diffusion is the effect of the partition coefficient developed due to the different degrees of solubilities of the solute in the binary immiscible solvent. The partition coefficient technique is used for extraction, purification and concentration of solutes. Beneficiation is considered as the final process that brings the product (solute) to its most viable state.

Occupational and work-related lesions of the kidneys and urinary tract: diagnostic issues, assessment of the causal relationship between disease and occupation

The causes of occupational nephropathy can be production factors of both chemical and physical nature. Thus, occupational toxic nephropathy can be caused by heavy metals and their compounds (mercury, lead, cadmium, lithium, bismuth, gold, etc.), arsenic compounds, organic solvents (carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethane, ethylene glycol, etc.), various pesticides (organomercury, organochlorine and phosphorus compounds), beta-naphthol, etc. Occupational nephropathies are caused by such physical factors as radiation damage, exposure to high and low temperatures of the industrial environment, hypothermia. In addition, malignant neoplasms of the bladder (bladder cancer) take a significant place among the occupational lesions of the kidneys and urinary tract. Chemicals with proven carcinogenic effects include aromatic amino compounds (benzidine, dianisidine, 2‑naphthylamine) used in the manufacture of dyes.

Structural analysis and electronic properties of transition metal ions (Ni2+, Fe2+, Mn+ and Co+) with psoralen biomolecule as an anticancer drug

In the current research, the density functional theory (DFT) method is used to investigate the effects of cation-π interaction on complexes formed by psoralen drug with metal cations (Ni2+, Fe2+, Mn+ and Co+). The calculations are performed in the gas phase and the water and carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) solvents. The interactions generated in the complexes are analyzed using the atoms in molecules (AIM) and the natural bond orbital (NBO) approaches. The results indicate that the absolute amount of the binding energy of complexes in the polar solvent is less than the non-polar solvent while in the gas phase it is more than solution. The obtained data also show that with increasing polarity of the solvent, the stabilization energy of the complexes increases. To gain a better insight into the mentioned interactions, the descriptors of chemical reactivity such as energy gap, hardness, softness and electronic chemical potential are also explored. Our findings display that the studied complexes have high chemical stability and low chemical reactivity in the solution relative to the gas phase.

High removal of chlorinated solvents by reusable polydimethylsiloxane based absorbents

AbstractThe objective of this work is to prepare absorbent materials based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) for the absorption of organic solvents by a relative simple method, with large absorption capacities and reusability. Different particles (ZnO, MgSO4, ZnCl2, and NaHCO3) were first incorporated in PDMS and then removed by immersion in HCl (c) or water. The absorbent materials were characterized by TGA, mercury porosimetry, stress–strain curves, SEM, EDS, XPS, FTIR, and water contact angle. The materials can absorb polar organic chlorinated solvents (carbon tetrachloride, dichloroethene, dichloromethane, and chloroform) more than four times its own weight. Other solvents were also tested showing 2–3 times its own weight. Additionally, these materials show demulsification properties and absorption of oleophilic compounds. The reusability of the material makes them good candidates for remediation of polluted water.

표면 개질된 Halloysite 나노튜브(mHNTs)가 EPDM/NBR 나노복합체의 기계적 물성 및 팽윤 거동에 미치는 영향

Ethylene-propylene-diene monomer/acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber (EPDM/NBR)-modified halloysite nanotubes (mHNTs) nanocomposites were prepared by two-roll mixing mill and vulcanization process. The mole percent uptake of some aromatic (toluene, xylene, benzene and mesitylene), aliphatic (n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane and n-pentane) and chlorinated (chloroform, carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane) solvents through mHNT filled EPDM/NBR nanocomposites has been investigated. The aim of the present work is to investigate the role of the cure characteristics, mechanical properties, abrasion resistance and swelling resistance in analysing the compatibility between rubber matrix and nanotubes and the reinforcing effect of mHNT as nanofiller in the EPDM/NBR matrix. The mole percent uptake of organic solvents via membranes has been explored in detail as a function of mHNT content, type of solvent, and temperature between 23 and 60 oCelsius. The findings revealed that mHNT could reduce scorch and optimum cure time in EPDM/NBR vulcanizates, as well as play a significant role in strengthening EPDM/NBR vulcanizates. Mechanical properties and swelling resistance were investigated and were found to increase with the increase of mHNT loading. The cross-link density values indicated the improved strengthening at 8 phr mHNT filler loading. In the rubber matrix, mHNT particles form a local filler–filler network at high concentrations. As a result, the composites

Robust PDMS-based porous sponge with enhanced recyclability for selective separation of oil-water mixture

Ideal adsorption material with large adsorption capacity, strong mechanical strength and satisfied reusability plays crucial role in efficient industrial wastewater treatment and oil-water separation. Herein, porous reduced graphene oxide/poly(ethyleneimine)/polydimethylsiloxane (rGO/PEI/PDMS) sponge with robust structure was proposed under mild conditions. Owing to the enhanced interfacial interaction between rGO and PDMS when employing PEI as adhesion layer, the rGO layer was tightly stacked onto the surface of porous channels within PDMS skeleton. Compared to the pristine PDMS sponge, the water contact angle, maximum adsorption capacity towards chloroform and compressive strength at 60% strain of the champion rGO/PEI/PDMS sponge were effectively increased from 101°, 7.38 g/g and 35.82 kPa to 135°, 16.38 g/g and 111.78 kPa, respectively. The porous rGO/PEI/PDMS sponge also demonstrated good adsorption capacities towards various substrates, including organic solvents (carbon tetrachloride, chloroform, dichloromethane, dimethylformamide, n-hexane, petroleum ether, and toluene) and oils (pump oil, silicone oil soybean oil). The rGO/PEI/PDMS sponge was further assessed as oil/water separation material, displaying high efficiency and good selectivity to the representatives of both heavy and light oils. More importantly, the resultant sponge delivered excellent recyclability without obvious attenuation of adsorption capacity at least 60 cycles. This work proposed a perspective for rational designing and fabricating efficient adsorbent with robust structure and durability in practical application.

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF BIS-(P-METHOXYPHENYL)TELLURIUM DICHLORIDE: (P-MEOC6H4)2TECL2

In the current research we tried to isolate unsymmetrical Schiff base bearing bis-aryl tellurium dichloride by the treatment of 1-(thiophen-2-yl)-N-(p-tolyl)methanimine with anisyltellurium trichloride in carbon tetrachloride solvent at 80ºC. However, we are unable to isolate our desired compounds due to decomposition takes place along with tellurium separation. From the reaction mixture, we are able to isolate only yellow coloured needle shaped crystal of bis-(pmethoxyphenyl)tellurium dichloride: (p-MeOC6H4)2TeCl2 . The crystal was characterized by several spectroscopic techniques along with single crystal x-ray studies. The crystal are triclinic with a = 10.1853(12), b = 12.3771(16), c = 13.4842(17) Å, = 109.235(5)°,= 99.519(5)°, = 102.705(5)°, Z = 4 and the space group is P-1. The structure has been determined by single crystal x-ray studies at 100(2) K and the final R value calculated from 11485 reflectionswas 0.0497.

Dissolving power of the binary solvent carbon tetrachloride – methanol. Solubility of caffeine: Experiment, ASL model, and MD simulation

An experimental and theoretical study of the dissolving power of the binary solvent consisting of inert (carbon tetrachloride) and self-associated (methanol) components has been carried out. According to the experimental data, the dependence of the caffeine solubility on the composition of the binary solvent has a maximum in the region of 0.5 mole fraction of the cosolvent. The maximum is also observed for the concentration dependence of the Gibbs energy of solvation calculated within the framework of molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Within the framework of the ASL (Associated Solution + Lattice) model, it was shown that the main contribution to solubility is made by the caffeine – methanol heteroassociation. The second largest contribution is defined by non-specific intermolecular interactions in the system. A negative contribution is made by the difference in the sizes of the molecules of the mixture components.

An integrated approach for the efficient separation of specialty compounds from biomass of the marine microalgae Amphidinium carterae

An amphidinol-prioritized fractioning approach was for the first time developed to isolate multiple specialty metabolites such as amphidinols, carotenoids and fatty acids using the biomass of the marine microalgae Amphidinium carterae. The biomass was produced in a raceway photobioreactor and the exhausted culture media were reused, thus fulfilling sustainability criteria employing a circular economy concept. The integrated bioactive compounds-targeted approach presented here consisted of four steps with which recovery percentages of carotenoids, fatty acids and amphidinols of 97%, 82% and 99 %, respectively, were achieved. The proposed process was proved to be a better extraction system for this microalga than another based on a sequential gradient partition with water and four water-immiscible organic solvents (hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane and n-butanol). The proposed process could be scaled-up as a commercial solid-phase extraction technology well-established for industrial bioprocesses.

Determination of lanthanide and actinide elements by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry applying DLLME preconcentration and dried spot

This work describes an analytical procedure to determination of trace amount of lanthanide and actinide chemistry elements (LAEs) in water samples by energy dispersive x-ray fluorescence spectrometry (EDXRF) with the prepare of the samples using simultaneous preconcentration procedure based on the dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME). Critical study of the analytical procedure occurred the following way: ions of Eu, Er, Ho, Th, U and Yb presents in 5.0 mL of aqueous sample have been complexed with 2-(5-bromo-2-pyridylazo)-5-(diethylamino)-phenol (Br-PADAP) in a mixture contained solvents (disperser and extractant). After centrifugation, 30 μL of the sedimented organic phase has been removed and deposited on membrane disk and submitted to EDXRF analysis. The optimization step was performed by: i) screening factor with mixture design for the disperser solvent (acetone, acetonitrile and ethanol) and extractant solvent (carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene and 1,2-dichloroethane); ii) Box-Behnken design for the independents variables: pH, Br-PADAP concentration, volume of disperser solvent and volume of extractant solvent. The optimized conditions were: 500 μL of disperser solvent (ethanol), 60 μL extractant solvent (carbon tetrachloride and trichlorethylene, 1: 1 ratio), Br-PADAP 1.8 × 10−5 mol L−1 and pH 8.0. In these conditions, the procedure allows the determination of Eu, Ho, Er, Yb, Th and U with quantification limits of 10.5; 8.6; 4.3; 7.0; 6.6 and 1.1 μg L−1, respectively; preconcentration factor between 18 and 74, and precision (RSD%) below that 6%. Salting out effect, presence of other ions, and additions/recoveries of analytes in real samples was verified and the recovery values were between of 90 to 107%. Analytical method has been applied in waters samples and groundwater from uranium mining region.

Crystal structures of the anhydrous and two solvated forms of methyl 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate.

Methyl 4-(4-fluorophenyl)-6-methyl-2-oxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-5-carboxylate, (I), was found to exhibit solvatomorphism. The compound was prepared using a classic Biginelli reaction under mild conditions, without using catalysts and in a solvent-free environment. Single crystals of two solvatomorphs and one anhydrous form of (I) were obtained through various crystallization methods. The anhydrous form, C13H13FN2O3, was found to crystallize in the monoclinic space group C2/c. It showed one molecule in the asymmetric unit. The solvatomorph with included carbon tetrachloride, C13H13FN2O3·0.25CCl4, was found to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2/n. The asymmetric unit revealed two molecules of (I) and one disordered carbon tetrachloride solvent molecule that lies on a twofold axis. A solvatomorph including ethyl acetate, C13H13FN2O3·0.5C4H8O2, was found to crystallize in the triclinic space group P-1 with one molecule of (I) and one solvent molecule on an inversion centre in the asymmetric unit. The solvent molecules in the solvatomorphs were found to be disordered, with a unique case of crystallographically induced disorder in (I) crystallized with ethyl acetate. Hydrogen-bonding interactions, for example, N-H...O=C, C-H...O=C, C-H...F and C-H...π, contribute to the crystal packing with the formation of a characteristic dimer through N-H...O=C interactions in all three forms. The solvatomorphs display additional interactions, such as C-F...N and C-Cl...π, which are responsible for their molecular arrangement. The thermal properties of the forms were analysed through differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), hot stage microscopy (HSM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) experiments.

FEATURES OF THE COMPOSITION OF FLAVONOIDS IN THE CROWNED SAW-WORT (SERRATULA CORONATA L.S.L.) SIBERIA AND THE FAR EAST OF RUSSIA

One of the common plants in Siberia and the Far East of Russia, but little studied, is the crowned saw-wort (Serratula coronata L.s.l.) of the aster family (Asteraceae). The value of this plant is determined by its high content of phytoecdysteroids and flavonoids. From the aerial part (leaves, stems) of S. coronata L.s.l., growing in Siberia (Altai Region), by liquid extraction methods (70% ethanol) and preparative column chromatography on silica gel in the gradient elution mode with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol), 2 flavonoids were isolated: quercetin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside. Identification of the isolated compounds was carried out by UV-, NMR-13C-, 1H, 13C-HMBC-spectroscopy and electrospray mass spectrometry. The reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) method was the first to investigate the qualitative composition and quantitative content of individual flavonoids in S. coronata L.s.l. plants growing in Altai and in the Primorsky region of the Russian Federation. The composition of flavonoid glycosides and the distribution of their aglycones in Siberian and Far Eastern plants differ and this can be considered a chemotaxonomic trait of the species S. coronata L.s.l. The spectrophotometry method was used to determine the sum of flavonoids in the aerial organs of crowned saw-wort growing in Altai and Primorsky region. The content of flavonoids in the leaves of the plant (6.7–8.3%) exceeds their content in the stems (0.5–0.9%). Crowned saw-wort sickle is a potential source of biologically active compounds of this class.

Complex permittivity of organic solvents at microwave frequencies

The complex electrical permittivity of industrially produced organic solvents of several classes with different abilities to form hydrogen bonds, such as ketones (acetone, 2-butanone), alcohols (ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol), acetic esters (ethyl acetate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate), hydrocarbon solvents (toluene, ortho-xylene, heptane, solvent Nefras), chlorine-containing solvents (carbon tetrachloride, tetrachlorethylene), as well as a mixed solvent based on acetone, butyl acetate and ortho-xylene of brand R-5A, were studied. The frequency dependences of permittivity were measured by the coaxial probe method in a wide frequency range from 200 MHz to 20 GHz. It is shown that the chemical nature of solvents has a significant effect on their permittivity. It was found that solvents with weak hydrogen bonds (hydrocarbons and chlorine-containing solvents) have low values of the permittivity (not higher than 2.6) and negligible dielectric losses. Solvents with moderately strong bonds (acetic acid esters and ketones) have high values of permittivity with pronounced frequency dispersion, noticeable dielectric losses and Debye relaxation frequency above 20 GHz. Strong hydrogen bonded solvents (alcohols) are characterized by high values of the permittivity with significant frequency dispersion and Debye relaxation frequency below 1.5 GHz.

The effect of glycidyl methacrylate and styrene comonomers on compatibility, physical‐mechanical properties, and swelling behavior of SBR/NBR blends

AbstractThe effect of functionalized styrene‐butadiene rubber (SBR) with glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers, in the presence of styrene comonomers (SBR‐g‐GMA‐co‐St) as a compatibilizer on physical‐mechanical, morphological, and swelling behavior of SBR/nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) blends were studied. It was proved that the compatibilizer made through dicumyl peroxide‐induced reaction which possessed 1.5 phr GMA in addition to 1.5 phr styrene comonomers showed higher efficiency of grafting. Possible in situ reactions between SBR‐g‐GMA‐co‐St and NBR component also were evaluated with an attenuated total reflectance mode of Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy. SBR/NBR blend containing compatibilizer with a middle value of grafting demonstrated the most reactions between components. Dynamic mechanical thermal analysis results illustrated that the presence of SBR‐g‐GMA‐co‐St caused a significant improvement in compatibility of two components. This was verified with the scanning electron microscope pictures in which a smoother surface of the sample was clear. The enhancement in microstructure led to an increase in tensile strength, elongation at break, and storage modulus. Moreover, the increase in the intermolecular cross‐links and made interactions considerably affected blends' swelling behavior in both hydrocarbon solvents (carbon tetrachloride and chloroform).

FLAVONOIDS OF SERRATULA KOMAROVII ILJIN (FAMILY ASTERACEAE)

In the Far East of Russia the genus Serratula L. (family Asteraceae) is represented by 2 species - Serratula manshurica Kitag. and Serratula komarovii Iljin, which can be potential sources of biologically active compounds (phytoecdysteroids). For the first time in the aerial part (leaves, stems, inflorescences) of Serratula komarovii 6 flavonoid compounds (luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin, luteolin, 3-methylquercetin) were identified by liquid extraction (70% ethyl alcohol) and reverse phase liquid chromatography (RP HPLC). The structure of compounds (luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside, chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside), isolated by preparative column chromatography on silica gel in a gradient elution with a mixture of solvents (carbon tetrachloride and ethyl alcohol) was proved by UV and NMR-1H, -13C, 1H-,13C-HMBC spectroscopy. It was noted that the dominant flavonoid in Serratula komarovii is luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (in the leaves – 4.92±0.98% and in the stems – 1.23±0.25%), and in inflorescences – apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucuronopyranoside (1.10±0.22%). The method of differential spectrophotometry was used to determine the sum of flavonoids in the aerial organs of Serratula komarovii which varies from 1.96 to 9.04%. The maximum content of flavonoids was detected in the leaves – 9.04±0.71%, and the minimum in the stems of the plant – 1.96±0.20%. Thus, Serratula komarovii can be a promising and constantly renewable source of not only phytoecdysteroids, but also flavonoids necessary for the pharmaceutical industry.

TMS self-diffusion coefficients in the binary solvent carbon tetrachloride – acetone-d6. 1H PGSE NMR experiment and random discrete displacements model of self-diffusion

Abstract The tetramethylsilane (TMS) self-diffusion coefficients in the binary solvent carbon tetrachloride (CTC) – acetone-d6 (A-d6) have been obtained by the pulsed gradient spin-echo nuclear magnetic resonance (PGSE NMR) method at 278, 298, and 318 K. The TMS self-diffusion coefficients increase as the A-d6 concentration and temperature become higher. The temperature dependences of the TMS self-diffusion coefficients at various concentrations of the binary solvent have been analysed based on the random discrete displacements model of self-diffusion presented in this paper. Within the framework of the proposed model, it is shown that the Arrhenius type of the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient (which is observed for TMS in this work) is a special case when the diffusion activation energy ED > kBT. In the opposite case, the temperature dependence of the self-diffusion coefficient tends to the form of the equation obtained for an ideal gas.

Spatial Ordering of the Structure of Polymer-Capped Gold Nanorods under an External DC Electric Field.

We studied the alignment changes of polymer-capped gold nanorods (GNRs@PS) under an applied electric field by visible-near-infrared absorption and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) measurements. Monodispersed GNRs with an aspect ratio of 4.0 were produced by the seed-mediated growth method using cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and sodium oleate binary surfactants. We investigated the phase transition between the ordered structure of GNRs@PS induced by the external electric field. At appropriate field strengths (>3 V/μm), the SAXS profiles of GNRs@PS showed a smectic ordered structure. Increasing the electric field strength densified the ordered structure and greatly increased the Raman signals (the 298 and 445 cm-1 bands) of the carbon tetrachloride (solvent) between the GNRs@PS. The insights gained are potentially applicable to catalysts, future displays, optical filters, and data storage devices.