Carbon Stock Potential Research Articles

Interconnectivity can be as important as habitat type in explaining carbon stocks in the coastal lagoons of arid regions

Coastal blue carbon ecosystems, typically comprising interconnected habitat mosaics, are globally important pathways of carbon sequestration and play a significant role in climate change regulation and mitigation. Current coastal management strategies often rely on simplified regional carbon stock estimates, that overlook the geographical variability and intricate ecological dynamics within these ecosystems. This study adopts a seascape ecology approach to evaluate the role of multiple seascape characteristics on carbon storage in two arid region coastal lagoons. We show that seascape location is the most influential driver of carbon stocks. Additionally, carbon isotopic variability, a proxy for connectivity, can be as influential as habitat type, particularly in the UAQ lagoon. This challenges the conventional reliance on data from individual habitat types (e.g., seagrass, mangrove, or tidal marsh) and highlights the context-dependency of carbon stocks. Moreover, the specific characteristics driving carbon stocks vary between seascapes: in Khor Faridah, connectivity to seagrass and mangrove habitats is crucial, while in the UAQ lagoon, sheltered and elevated areas are more influential. Our findings suggest that the interconnectivity between different habitat types, such as mangroves and saltmarshes, significantly enhances carbon storage. This is especially pronounced in large, sheltered mangrove habitat types within upper intertidal zones. Notably, small patches of mangroves, up to 10 ha, are associated with an approximate 10 % increase in carbon stocks. These results underscore the need for a more holistic, context-specific approach to designing nature-based solutions for coastal management and ecosystem restoration. By considering the specific characteristics and connectivity of seascape mosaics, we can more effectively enhance carbon stock potential in coastal ecosystems. This study contributes to a deeper spatially explicit understanding of the complex factors influencing carbon stocks in blue carbon ecosystems, highlighting the importance of tailored management strategies that reflect the unique ecological patterns of each seascape.

Assessment of Soil Carbon Stock Potential in Different Soil Layers of Grassland Ecosystems

Mostly soil carbon stock research is done in areas with natural vegetation, ignoring university campuses. This study assesses soil carbon stocks in different soil layers of grassland ecosystems within the Bharathiar University campus in Tamil Nadu, India. Soil samples were collected from grasslands in four sections (namely, East section, West section, North section, and South section) of the campus and analyzed for carbon content across depths of 0-10cm, 10-20cm, and 20-30cm. Results indicate soil carbon stocks in grassland ecosystems ranging from 1.36% to 2.26%, with notable variations observed among campus sections and soil layers. One-way ANOVA revealed that there is a significant variation in soil carbon stock values among the four sections in the 20-30cm layer (F(3,16)=3.865, p<0.05), but not for the 0-10cm layer (F(3,16)=1.454, p>0.05) and the 10-20cm layer (F(3,16)=3.011, p>0.05). Pearson’s Correlation analysis revealed that the soil carbon stock had no significant relationships with soil pH, Conductivity, and total dissolved solids at all four sections of the university campus, except for a positive correlation between soil carbon stock and total dissolved solids at the East section (r=0.563, p<0.05), and between soil carbon stock and soil pH at the South section (r=0.550, p<0.05). These findings underscore the complexity of soil carbon dynamics in grassland ecosystems of university campuses and emphasize the potential for localized assessments to inform sustainable land management strategies. This study contributes valuable insights into enhancing carbon sequestration efforts at the university campus, useful for global climate change mitigation. Integrating such localized findings into broader environmental policies can optimize carbon management strategies across similar ecosystems globally.

Climate change impacts of forest conversion (Study on forest conversion for food estate/ national food granary program in Central Kalimantan)

Background: The Food Estate policy or national food granary program is a food development concept that is integrated with agriculture, plantations and animal husbandry, one of which is in the area of openings in natural forests covering an area of 156,000 ha in Central Kalimantan. This program is designed to prepare national food security in order to respond to the Food and Agriculture (FAO) Report on the threat of a global food crisis due to the impact of the Covid 19 pandemic. Changes in forest cover from previously green land to agricultural land will cause loss of forest cover in the form of vegetation or trees that have ecosystem services as carbon dioxide absorbers from the air. Methods: The impact of forest conversion is analyzed by conducting spatial analysis of land cover and calculating potential carbon stocks lost, as well as providing suggestions or solutions to problems or gaps from an economic, social, and political environmental perspective. Findings: From the results of literature studies, the government must learn from the experience of food estate projects on peatlands in the past where peatlands became thin and when the dry season arrived, the land would be flammable due to lack of attention to the biophysical aspects of the soil. Conclusion: In addition, economic and social aspects involve and assist the community in carrying out food security programs and agricultural technology sophistication. Novelty/Originality of this Study: This analysis provides a unique perspective on the climate change impacts of forest conversion for food estate programs, bridging the gap between national food security policies and environmental conservation imperatives.

Benthic habitat mapping for estimating seagrass carbon stock across Takabonerate Islands, Indonesia

Data on benthic habitat cover are essential for monitoring and managing coastal areas, providing valuable ecosystem services for local communities. Moreover, seagrass extent is crucial for estimating carbon stock using Tier-1 calculations. On the other side, remote sensing technology has proven effective in mapping benthic habitat cover, including seagrass, over large local areas. Therefore, this research aims to map specific benthic habitats in a local area to obtain high-accuracy estimates of seagrass extent for carbon stock estimation. The study was conducted in the Takabonerate Islands, Indonesia, using Sentinel-2A imagery. The study involved field data processing, which enabled the mapping of eight benthic habitat classes using Sentinel-2A images, along with the steps for Sentinel-2A image processing for benthic habitat mapping. The benthic habitat map was produced following image correction steps, including atmospheric, sunglint, and water column corrections, followed by image classification using a Neural Net Classifier (NNC). Seagrass carbon stock estimation was performed using the Tier-1 equation from IPCC 2013. The study revealed a total benthic habitat area of 57,538.04 ha, with a seagrass area of 3127.42 ha for carbon stock estimation. The potential seagrass carbon stock in the study area was estimated to range from 337.76 GgC/ha to 31.27 GgC/ha using the Tier-1 equation. The overall accuracy of the benthic habitat map was 80.5 %, calculated using a confusion matrix table. The spatial information from this study can be used by local coastal managers and governments for baseline and monitoring purposes. The key interpretations from this study provide valuable findings that can be adapted and improved for future local mapping purposes.

Assessment of Species Composition, Diversity and Carbon Stock in a Community Managed Forest of Udaypur District of Nepal

Species composition, diversity, and carbon sock of forests are all critical factors that affect the ability of forests to provide various important ecosystem services. However, there is a notable dearth of research regarding these factors in the community forests of Udaypur district. Therefore, this research was undertaken to assess species composition, and biodiversity and quantify the carbon stock potential of the Sringar community forest (CF) of the Udaypur district of Eastern Nepal. A total of 57 circular plots of 500m2 were inventoried using a systematic random sampling method with 0.5 % sampling intensity. In the CF, 17 tree species from 15 genera and 11 families were identified. The dominant tree species, Shorea robusta observed with a maximum importance value index (IVI) (176.15). According to our study, the total biomass and carbon stock in Sringar CF were 276.98 ton ha-1 and 138.18 ton ha-1, respectively. Accurate estimation of soil carbon stocks is crucial for long-term forest management and climate change mitigation, and the integration of advanced monitoring techniques and predictive models to enhance accuracy and account for future climate projections is needed.

Carbon Stock Potential of Coconut Plantations in University Campus: A Case Study from Coimbatore, India

The urgent need to mitigate climate change has prompted researchers to explore various avenues for carbon sequestration. One such avenue is the utilization of natural ecosystems like forests and plantations. Coconut plantations in university campuses play a vital role in carbon sequestration in mitigation of climate change. In this case study, we report the potential of coconut plantation from Bharathiar University campus, India. Four plots of 50 m × 50 m were randomly sampled from the coconut plantation in Bharathiar University campus. Carbon stock of the coconut plantation was calculated based on field survey and allometric equations. A total of 171 trees were recorded from the four plots totalling one hectare (ha) area. The total carbon stock determined for the one ha of coconut plantation sampled from Bharathiar University campus was 31.69 tonne/ha and the mean carbon stock per tree was 0.19 ± 0.06 tonne/tree. We have discussed the carbon stock of coconut tree allocation by above-ground and below-ground parts. This case study highlights the importance of coconut plantations in university campuses in support of curbing the atmospheric carbon concentration. We suggest for plantation of coconut trees in university campuses, that can serve not only as carbon sinks but also contribute to fulfilling the sustainable development goals of the nation.

The potential biomass, carbon stock and CO2 sequestration of forest litters at Sibolangit nature park

Several factors generated CO2 releasing into the atmosphere in large quantities and persist. The CO2 concentration is continuously increase (exceeding 400 ppm in 2019) leading to more negative impact of global warming and climate change. Biomass is a key parameter in estimating and predicting ecosystem productivity, carbon storage, nutrient sharing, and fuel accumulation in assessing an ecosystem. This study aims to analyze the biomass, carbon stock and carbon sequestration of forest litters at Sibolangit nature park. The research data was recorded at Sibolangit Tourism Park, located in Sibolangit, Deli Serdang, North Sumatera. 0.5 m x 0.5 m plot was placed based on the simple random sampling method to collect the litters. The 5% sampling intensity was applied resulting in total of 30 sampling plots. All litter in the sample plots was collected and weighed to determine the wet weight. 100 grams of sample was then placed in a sample plastic and labelled. The litter biomass was calculated using the formula according to SNI7724-2011. This research calculated the biomass, carbon stock, and carbon sequestration of litter at Sibolangit nature park, i.e., 86.92 ton ha−1, 40.85 ton ha−1, and 149.94 ton ha−1. The results support the role of Sibolangit nature park in climate change mitigation by reduction of carbon emission.

Comparative Carbon Stock Potential of Indigenous Agroforestry Systems in Silte Wereda, Southern Ethiopia

Agroforestry system (AFS) is described as one of the promising mitigation options for climate change through its high carbon sequestration capacity. This study was conducted in Silite District; Southern Ethiopia to assess the unaccounted carbon stock potential of selected traditional agroforestry systems. The study assessed the carbon stock potential of AFS biomass and soil carbon pools. Biomass and soil samples were taken from temporary plots laid for this study, 20 × 20 m for home garden, 50 × 100 m for parkland, and 10 × 10 m for woodlot AFS. Height (H) and diameter at breast height (DBH) were taken from the sample plots to estimate biomass carbon. Litter, herb, and grass samples were collected from 1 m2 quadrant within the main plot. The findings show that the total biomass carbon ranged from (1.28-7 Mg ha -1) though there was no significant difference among the systems and higher biomass carbon was attributed by parkland AFS while the lowest was woodlot. A significantly higher amount of SOC was recorded in home garden AFS along the two depths (82.5 Mg ha -1) than the other two systems and the lowest was attributed to parkland (41.7 Mg ha -1). Therefore, this traditional AFS should be supported for their contributions in climate change mitigation schemes as they can sequester a reasonable amount of carbon

Exploring the best nutrient management options for improving the maize yield for future climate change scenario with DSSAT crop simulation model in century old Permanent Manurial Experiment

Increasing the C sequestration potential and higher soil organic carbon stocks with the application of organic manures will reflect in the improvement of crop productivity. Long-term monitoring approach is essential to evaluate these impacts, especially given the escalating effects of climate change on agriculture. Recognizing this, a 112-year-long Permanent Manurial Experiment (PME) at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India, investigates the influence of application of organic manures. Utilizing the DSSAT crop simulation model, the study assessed the impact of organic manure, specifically NPK + FYM (Farm Yard Manure), on maize yield over 25 years on a sandy-loam Alfisol. Data collected from the field experiment including crop growth parameters, management options, weather, and soil data were used for simulations. Results showed a 93.8% agreement between simulated and observed yields, endorsing NPK + FYM treatment with a 20% increase in grain yield by 2032 compared to using 100% NPK alone. Furthermore, the study explored future climate change scenarios’ impact on maize yield. It highlighted that NPK + FYM consistently outperformed other treatments, emphasizing its efficacy in increasing the yields under changing climatic conditions. This approach emerges as promising for enhancing carbon sequestration, elevating soil organic carbon stocks, and significantly improving crop productivity. In conclusion, adopting the NPK + FYM treatment is recommended to achieve optimal maize yield outcomes, surpassing the effects of using NPK or FYM independently. This research signifies the potential of combining organic manures with synthetic fertilizers in sustainable agriculture amid evolving climate challenges.

Carbon stock of shatto forest along altitudinal gradients in masha district, southwest ethiopia: a contribution to climate change mitigation

Forests play a significant role in climate change mitigation through carbon sequestration from the atmosphere and retaining carbon in above and belowground biomass of trees, litter biomass and soil. However, there is little empirical data on the potential carbon stock of Ethiopia’s various forests. Therefore, this study was carried out to estimate the carbon stock potential of Shatto Forest along altitudinal gradients and its contribution to climate change mitigation in Masha district, southwest Ethiopia. Using a systematic sampling design, a total of 30 plots measuring 20 x 20 m were established at 200 m intervals along seven transect lines in order to inventory the woody species. Within the main plot, a 1 m x 1 m sub-plot was used to collect soil samples and litter biomass. The biomass carbon stock was estimated using allometric equations. Results revealed that the mean total carbon stock of the study forest was 714.4 ton/ha, of which 337.38ton/ha, 67.48 ton/ha, 0.79 ton/ha and 308.75 ton/ha were stored in the aboveground carbon, belowground carbon, leaf litter carbon and soil organic carbon, respectively. The mean total CO2 equivalent of the study forest was also 2621.85 ton/ha. Along the altitudinal gradients of the study forest, the total carbon stocks contributed by the forest varied significantly at (p < 0.05), with the largest stock found at lower elevation and the lowest stock found at higher elevation. Based on the study findings, it is concluded that the forest under investigation possessed a substantial carbon stock capacity, allowing it to sequester a significant amount of CO2 and mitigate climate change while offering other ecosystem services. Thus, in order to optimize the forest’s capacity to store carbon and obtain the financial benefits of CO2 mitigation, reduced emission from deforestation and degradation (REDD+) program in the area should be integrated with carbon sequestration.

Potential Carbon Stock of Seagrass Biomass in Malang Regency

Research on blue carbon content in seagrass beds also has important implications for coastal ecosystem management. The goals of this research are: (1) To determine the composition of seagrass species; (2) to analyze the health of the seagrass ecosystem; and (3) and to analyze the carbon content stored in seagrass biomass on the coast of Malang Regency. This research was conducted in 2018 at five stations, namely: Kondang Merak Beach (St 1), Balekambang Beach (St 2), Gatra Beach (St 3), Sendangbiru Beach (St 4), and Waru-Waru Beach (St 5) of Malang Regency. The method used to collect data refers to Seagrass Watch. The biomass value of seagrass species can be estimated by measuring the wet weight and dry weight of seagrass. Analysis of carbon content in seagrass biomass can be calculated using a method that refers to The First Nation-Wide Assessment Identifies Valuable Blue-carbon. There are five types of seagrasses found on five beaches in Malang Regency, namely: Halodule pinifolia, Halodule uninervis, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isotifolium, and Thalassia hemprichii. This seagrass meadow ecosystem is in an unhealthy condition, with a small biomass value. Seagrass beds that are formed only in the form of small spots (1.19 Ha) are known to be able to store carbon of 0.0544 Mg C.

Soil carbon stock potential in pastoral and silvopastoral systems in the Peruvian Amazon

AbstractResearch evaluating the impact of silvopastoral systems on physical and biological properties of Amazonian soils is scarce. Thus, this study aimed to compare the soil carbon storage potential and physical and chemical soil properties of silvopastoral systems (SPS) and conventional pastoral systems (CPS) in the San Martin region of Peru. Using the Walkley and Black method, we analyzed soil organic matter at two different depths (0–15 cm and 15–30 cm). In addition, bulk density, soil moisture, total porosity, and mechanical resistance were measured in both systems. The highest (P &lt; 0.05) carbon stocks were reported at 0–15 cm of depth with values of 31.4 Mg ha−1 and 34.4 Mg ha−1 for CPS and SPS, respectively. At 15–30 cm depth, the total carbon stock was higher for SPS, with 29.12 Mg ha−1, than for CPS, which had 26.4 Mg ha−1. Despite the absence of statistically significant differences, soil carbon stocks were higher in SPS. No significant differences in soil moisture were found between systems, although soil moisture was slightly greater in SPS than CPS (28 and 25%, respectively). The CPS had 59% of the total porosity, which was higher than the SPS. Mechanical resistance was lower in SPS (2.15 kg/cm2) than in CPS (2.33 kg/cm2) at 10 cm of depth. These results indicated that the SPS has the potential to store more carbon and improve physical and chemical traits in the soil than the CPS.

Forest Carbon Modeling in Poplar and Black Locust Short Rotation Coppice Plantation in Hungary

Forest carbon dynamic modeling for estimating the carbon stock in short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation in Hungary will be vital for better comprehending the role of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) and poplar (Populus sp.) in carbon dioxide sequestration from the atmosphere. The research aims were to estimate the potential carbon stock and describe the carbon distribution of the short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation above and below ground. Various sources were used to acquire parameterization data for developing forest carbon dynamic models. CO2FIX modeling V.3.2 was utilized in the data analysis to estimate the total carbon stock in biomass, soil, harvested wood products, and bioenergy compartments. Modeling has been around for 45 years. In this research, the total carbon stock of black locust and poplar at the end of the simulation period was 64.13 and 131.08 MgC.ha-1, respectively. The average carbon allocation above and below ground for black locust and poplar was 0.76, 19.76, 1.80, and 21.67 MgC.ha-1, respectively. In conclusion, poplar outperformed black locust regarding carbon storage in the short rotation coppice bioenergy plantation. Below ground carbon allocation was much higher than above ground. Therefore, more attention should be paid on below ground allocation through environmentally friendly soil management. Keywords: bioenergy plantation, carbon dynamics, climate change mitigation, CO2FIX model, fast growing species

Identification of Suitable Mangrove Distribution Areas and Estimation of Carbon Stocks for Mangrove Protection and Restoration Action Plan in China

Mangrove forests are significant blue carbon pools on the Earth with strong carbon sequestration capacity and play an important role in combating climate change. To improve the capacity of regional carbon sinks, China has implemented a Special Action Plan for Mangrove Protection and Restoration (2020–2025). In this context, based on the MaxEnt model, this study analyzed the important environmental factors affecting the distribution of mangrove forests, combined with the planning objectives and carbon density parameters of different regions; assessed the habitat suitability areas of China’s mangrove forests; and predicted their future carbon stock potential. The results showed the following: (1) Elevation was the most important factor affecting the overall distribution of mangrove forests in China, and the optimal elevation of mangrove distribution was 0.52 m. (2) The most suitable areas of mangrove forests in China were mainly distributed in Hainan, Guangxi, and Guangdong, which had great potential for carbon stock. Danzhou Bay and Hongpai Harbor in Hainan, Lianzhou Bay in Guangxi, and the Huangmao Sea in Guangdong are potential areas for habitat suitability but are not yet under high levels of protection. (3) Achieving the goals of this action plan was expected to increase carbon stocks by 4.13 Tg C. Other suitable areas not included in this plan could still increase carbon stocks by 7.99 Tg C in the long term. The study could provide a scientific basis for siting mangrove restoration areas and developing efficient management policies.

Investigating Drivers Impacting Carbon Stock and Carbon Offset in a Large-Scale Rubber Plantation in the Middle South of Thailand.

A large-scale rubber plantation in Southern Thailand is expected to capture a significant amount of carbon dioxide from emissions through carbon sinks in the vegetation and soil. The goal of this research is to create a carbon offset assessment for rubber plantations lasting for 30 years using a voluntary market contract approach. To evaluate the area of large-scale rubber plantations, this study evaluated major growing regions in five provinces in the middle-south region of Thailand (Nakhon Si Thammarat, Phatthalung, Songkhla, Satun and Trang) using an integrated RS-GIS technique that incorporated biomass allometric equations, soil series databases, and object-based classification. The classification of rubber plantation areas and the mapping of rubber stand ages were conducted to estimate the above-ground biomass of the rubber tree. Texture analysis was used in the rubber classification process, and normalised difference vegetation index (NDVI) was combined with texture analysis to separate vegetation areas from other land cover. Four groups of varying ages (1-6, 7-13, 14-20 and 21-30 years old) were evaluated for their capacity to generate carbon offsets. The equations of voluntary market contract revenue according to the contract method of the CCX were applied for this case study. This evaluation was used to estimate their annual value, total and net incomes in the carbon market price regarding the RGGI Allowance (RGA). Carbon offset income was then used to estimate the potential income (over a 30-year period) of the life of the contract. The results showed that the carbon stock potential of rubber plantations depended on the age of the trees and the soil carbon stock. The total carbon stock in the rubber plantations varied from 249.73 to 301.48 Mg C/ha (or equivalently 916.49 to 1,106.44 Mg CO2e/ha). Furthermore, the potential net income of the contract was estimated to be between USD5,378.32 and USD5,930.38 Mg CO2e/ha over a 30-year period according to the voluntary market contract revenue. These results suggest that the large agricultural land plot policy could create opportunities for carbon offsetting. The policy of large-scale rubber areas could be used as a tool and mechanism for farmers who are considering participating in carbon-crediting mechanisms. Then, farmers could use voluntary market contracts as a guide and foundation for their decision-making. The carbon offset credit strategy could assist Thailand in achieving its climate goals of transitioning to a low-carbon agriculture sector.

Biomass and Carbon Stock of Trees in a Tropical Moist Deciduous Forest of Kamrup Metropolitan District, Assam, India

The present investigation deals with the estimation of biomass and Carbon stock potential of tree species in a tropical moist deciduous forest of Kamrup Metropolitan district of Assam, India. For vegetation sampling of trees, the stratified random method was employed and biomass and Carbon stock of trees were estimated by using an allometric equation. Altogether 39 tree species representing 34 genera and 20 families were reported. A high total density and total basal cover (TBC) were reported during the investigation (1008 stem ha⁻¹ and 71.74 m² ha⁻¹ respectively). Total biomass (TB), total Carbon stock (TCS), and CO₂ equivalent were estimated to be 985.56 Mg ha⁻¹, 492.78 Mg C ha⁻¹, and 1808.50 Mg C ha⁻¹ respectively. Among the trees, Cassia fistula exhibited the highest amount of TB, TCS, and CO₂ equivalent (131.33 Mg ha⁻¹, 65.66 Mg C ha⁻¹, and 240.99 Mg C ha⁻¹ respectively). TCS displayed a positive correlation with density, TBC, and diameter of tree species. The study provides valuable information on biomass and Carbon sequestration potential of trees in the tropical moist deciduous forest, which could be of help to forest policymakers to ensure sustainable management of Carbon stock and hence promotes mitigation of global climate change.

3D Carbon Stocks Estimation of Above-ground Biomass in Indonesia

The tropical region is one of the regions that has a high potential for carbon reserves. 3D carbon of above-ground biomass (AGB) is a way to estimate potential carbon reserves using a vegetation height approach. Vegetation height is extracted from the height difference between DSM and DTM, updated with vertical deformation. This study aims to estimate 3D carbon stock (AGB) in Indonesia using the vegetation height approach. Carbon stocks were classified based on the land cover class of primary forest, mangroves, other vegetation, and all vegetation with a height of 1–40 m. Then, we identified which province had the highest carbon stock potential. The results obtained show that Papua Province had the largest AGB potential in Indonesia. The 3D carbon (AGB) volume based on mangrove class was 68,856,487,188 Mg3 with an area of 8266.6 km2 and a perimeter of 16882 km. The total 3D carbon volume (AGB) based on the primary forest was 3,549,448,346,598 Mg3, with an area of 195,327 km2 and a perimeter of 102,230 km. The total volume of 3D carbon (AGB) based on other vegetation was 17,031,593,026,337.00 Mg3 with an area of 112,210.40 km2. Papua Province had a 3D carbon (AGB) volume based on the vegetation of 1–40 m with a volume of 20,649,897,860,123.00 Mg3, an area of 315,804.00 km2, and a perimeter of 6,810.60 km. The largest 3D carbon (AGB) volume comparison value to the province's area was in Papua Province (64.46%). This 3D carbon (AGB) mapping can be done in a low-cost and time-efficient manner and produces precise and accurate spatial information. The estimation results can be used for a preliminary survey of various thematic information and policy applications related to carbon stocks.

Carbon stock estimation in post-mining reclamation area of open coal mining in PT Berau Coal, Berau, East Kalimantan

Postmining land reclamation and revegetation activities play an important role in restoring vegetation, degraded land and controlling climate change because CO2 is sinking from the atmosphere due to the impact of mining activities. This study aims to estimate the potential for above-ground and below-ground carbon and CO2 absorption capacity at the Binungan Mine Operations Site (BMO), PT Berau Coal, Berau, East Kalimantan. Vegetation analysis was used to estimate the potential carbon stock and CO2 absorption capacity at plant ages 1-10 years using the purposive sampling method of 5 plots (20 x 20 m) each in the post-mining area studied. Biomass and carbon stocks were estimated using existing allometric models. The results showed 14 tree species from 10 families dominated by Fabaceae. Biomass was estimated at 1.13 - 128.31 Mg ha-1, carbon stocks were 0.53-60.3 Mg ha-1, and CO2 absorption was 1.95 - 221.32 Mg ha-1. Reclamation and revegetation in 10 year-old plants on reclamaied land can restore biomass, carbon stock, and CO2 absorption capacity of 70% from the initial baseline.

Analysis of Biomass Potential, Carbon Stock, Carbon Sequestration, Oxygen Production, and Value of Environmental Services CO2 Uptake in Three Types of Forests in Buton District, Southeast Sulawesi Province, Indonesia

Global warming is a symptom of an increase in the average temperature of the earth's surface. Global warming is caused by the large concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. One of the biggest greenhouse gases contributing to global warming is carbon dioxide (CO2). Forest vegetation can absorb about 50% of total emissions through a sequestration process stored in biomass in all parts of the plant. The study aimed to determine the potential of biomass, carbon stocks, carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and the CO2 absorption value of environmental services in three types of ecosystems in Buton Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Research sampling was conducted using purposive sampling techniques and roaming methods. Calculation of biomass potential, carbon stock, carbon sequestration, oxygen production, and environmental service value of CO2 uptake using an allometric formula The results of research on the biomass potential of mangrove forests, lambusango forests, and pine forests were respectively, 16,108.27 tons/ha, 84,693.72 tons/ha, and 14,273.98 tons/ha. The potential carbon stock is 8,054.13 tons/ha, 42,346.86 tons/ha, and 7,136.99 tons/ha. The carbon absorption potential is 29,558.67 tons/ha, 155,412.98 tons/ha, and 26,192.75 tons/ha. The potential oxygen production is 21,504.54 tons/ha, 113,066.12 tons/ha, and 19,055.76 tons/ha, while the value of environmental services CO2 absorption is 2,221,038,614.63 Rp/ha, 11,677,731,637.57 Rp/ha, and 1,968,123,759 Rp/ha.

Growth Characteristics and Carbon Stock Potential in Horti-Agriculture System under Degraded Land Conditions of Kashmir Himalaya

Growth Characteristics and Carbon Stock Potential in Horti-Agriculture System under Degraded Land Conditions of Kashmir Himalaya