Carbon Monoxide Research Articles

Long-term hypothermic storage of oocytes of the European common frog Rana temporaria at various pressure regimes in gas mixtures based on oxygen, carbon monoxide, and nitrous oxide

In recent years, the challenge of preserving amphibian biodiversity has increasingly been addressed through technologies for the short-term storage of unfertilized spawn at low positive temperatures. Previously the possibility of using a 6.5 atm gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide and oxygen for prolonged hypothermic preservation of unfertilized oocytes for more than 4 days was shown. This study aimed to investigate the viability of oocytes R. temporaria preserved under conditions of hypothermia at 2.5, 3 and 6.5 excess atm pressure in the various gas mixture compositions (CO, N2O, O2) and pure oxygen. The use of pressure up to 3 excess atmospheres was significantly beneficial compared to 6.5 atm at the 7 days storage period. The results indicate that oxygen pressure is a critical factor in maintaining oocyte viability. Admixing CO or N2O to oxygen reduced variability in the results but did not significantly affect the measured indicators (fertilization, hatching) in the experimental groups. The composition CO + O2 (0.5/3.5 ratio, 3 excess atm) reliably extended the shelf life of viable oocytes, indistinguishable from native controls by fertilization and hatching rates, to 4 days. After 7 days, oocytes exhibited fertilization and hatching rates that were 79 % and 48 % compared to native control. Reducing the pressure of the preserving gas mixture to 3 atm, as utilized in this study, simplifies the practical implementation of gas preservation technology for maintaining endangered amphibian species during breeding in laboratory conditions.

Gas evolution in self-extinguishing and insulative nanopolysaccharide-based hybrid foams

Lightweight, energy-efficient materials in building construction typically include polymeric and composite foams. However, these materials pose significant fire hazards due to their high combustibility and toxic gas emissions, including carbon monoxide and hydrogen cyanide. This study delves into the latter aspects by comparing hybrid systems based on nanofiber-reinforced silica-based Pickering foams with a synthetic reference (polyurethane foams). The extent and dynamics of fire retardancy and toxic gas evolution were assessed, and the results revealed the benefits of combining the thermal insulation of silica with the structural strength of biobased nanofibers, the latter of which included anionic and phosphorylated cellulose as well as chitin nanofibers. We demonstrate that the nanofiber-reinforced silica-based Pickering foams are thermal insulative and provide both fire safety and energy efficiency. The results set the basis for the practical design of hybrid foams to advance environmental sustainability goals by reducing energy consumption in built environments.

Efficacy of Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome-related Interstitial Lung Disease

Objectives: To evaluate the treatment modalities and their effects in primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD)Methods: In this chart review study, patients diagnosed with pSS-related ILD (pSS-ILD) between January 2004 and August 2022 were screened. Glucocorticoid use and administered disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) were determined. The difference between forced vital capacity (FVC) and diffusion capacity of the lungs for carbon monoxide (DLCO) before and after treatment was evaluated.Results: ILD was present in 44 of 609 patients (7.2%) diagnosed with pSS. In 27 patients included in the study, steroid usage was 81.5%. There was a statistically insignificant increase in FVC% (from 80.20±22.1 to 81.6±23.0) and a decrease in DLCO% (53.7±15.3 to 52.2±19.3) with DMARD treatment (p=0.434 and p=0.652, respectively). There was no significant difference between the treatment groups (azathioprine [AZA], mycophenolate mofetil [MMF], and rituximab [RTX]) in terms of the change in FVC% and DLCO% compared with baseline levels. The effect of treatment on FVC and DLCO was similar in UIP and NSIP patterns.Conclusions: AZA, MMF, and RTX have similar effects on pulmonary functions in pSS-ILD and provide disease stabilization.

MOF-derived Mo-doped Co3O4: A hierarchical yeast-like structure for superior carbon monoxide sensing

Carbon monoxide (CO) is one of the most dangerous gases owing to its dual threat, role in global warming, and severe impact on human health. Metal-organic framework (MOF) gas-sensing materials have drawn the interest of many different sectors due to their unique structural characteristics. This study used a solvothermal technique and subsequent annealing to create a hierarchical, yeast-shaped Mo-Co3O4 material from a Co-MOF precursor. The prepared materials have been employed in the development of a CO-detection gas sensor. Gas-sensing experiments revealed that Mo-Co3O4 exhibited significantly improved sensing capabilities compared to pure Co3O4. Notably, at 200 °C, 2 mol% Mo-Co3O4 showed high response levels of about 136 at 100 ppm CO concentrations, approximately 50.4 times higher than pure Co3O4. Furthermore, the Mo-doped material exhibited a low detection threshold, excellent reproducibility, long-term stability, good selectivity, and rapid response and recovery times (78.5/55.3 s). Introducing Mo dopants into the Co3O4 material and the hierarchical yeast-like nanostructure are responsible for these improvements in gas-sensing capability.

A novel BN aromatic module modified near-infrared fluorescent probe for monitoring carbon monoxide-releasing molecule CORM-3 in living cells and animals

Carbon monoxide (CO), a significant gas transmitter, plays a vital role in the intricate functioning of living systems and is intimately linked to a variety of physiological and pathological processes. To comprehensively investigate CO within biological system, researchers have widely adopted CORM-3, a compound capable of releasing CO, which serves as a surrogate for CO. It aids in elucidating the physiological and pathological effects of CO within living organisms and can be employed as a therapeutic drug molecule. Therefore, the pivotal role of CORM-3 necessitates the development of effective probes that can facilitate the visualization and tracking of CORM-3 in living systems. However, creating fluorescent probes for real-time imaging of CORM-3 in living species has proven to be a persisting challenge that arises from factors such as background interference, light scattering and photoactivation. Herein, the BNDN fluorescent probe, a brand-new near-infrared is proposed. Remarkably, the BNDN probe offers several noteworthy advantages, including a substantial Stokes shift (201 nm), heightened sensitivity, exceptional selectivity, and an exceedingly low CORM-3 detection limit (0.7 ppb). Furthermore, the underlying sensing mechanism has been meticulously examined, revealing a process that revives the fluorophore by reducing the complex Cu2+ to Cu+. This distinctive NIR fluorescence “turn-on” character, coupled with its larger Stokes shift, holds great promise for achieving high resolution imaging. Most impressively, this innovative probe has demonstrated its efficacy in detecting exogenous CORM-3 in living animal. It is important to underscore that these endeavors mark a rare instance of a near-infrared probes successfully detecting exogenous CORM-3 in vivo. These exceptional outcomes highlighted the potential of BNDN as a highly promising new tool for in vivo detection of CORM-3. Considering the impressive imaging capabilities demonstrated by BNDN presented in this study, we anticipate that this tool may offer a compelling avenue for shedding light on the roles of CO in future research endeavors.

Superior sodium storage anode constructed via chemical bonding between S-doped hard carbon and graphene oxide binder

Superior sodium storage anode constructed via chemical bonding between S-doped hard carbon and graphene oxide binder

Innovative research on waste tire recycling for sustainable biofuel production: Assessment of its usability on multi-cylinder diesel engine employing constant injection of oxyhydrogen and biogas through a premixing device

This study investigates the production of waste tire pyrolyzed oil on a laboratory scale and its potential use as a fuel along with biogas and hydrogen in a variable-speed transportation engine. The pyrolyzed oil, obtained from waste tire pieces through a lab-scale plant, undergoes distillation and is blended with diesel fuel in a 20% ratio. This blended fuel is supplied to a multi-cylinder variable-speed transportation engine, either alongside biogas or HHO separately or both combined, at fixed flow rates with air passage through a premixing device (venturi). This study aimed to assess engine combustion characteristics such as in-cylinder pressure and heat release rate; performance parameters, including brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC), as well as emissions of hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and nitrogen oxides (NOx). The results indicate that using pyrolyzed oil in unmodified diesel engines reduces combustion characteristics and performancewhile increasing HC and NOx emissions and decreasing CO emissions. In addition, supplying biogas and the fuel mixture further deteriorates combustion and performance, while increases HC and CO emissions, and reduces NOx emissions. The focus of the present research is to evaluate the impact of adding green hydrogen (HHO) gas to a pyrolyzed oil fuel mixture and a biogas-led fuel mixture in a compression ignition (CI) engine. The results indicate that the addition of hydrogen enhances combustion characteristics, engine performance and reduces emissions, except for NOx. Specifically, there is an increase in cylinder peak pressure and HRR by around 6–10% range, improvement in BTE by 16–20% and BSFC by 5–7%, along with a decrease in HC and CO emissions by 13–16% and 11–13%, respectively. However, there is an increase in NOx emissions of 6–9%. In essence, the addition of green hydrogen enhances engine performance and reduces emissions in waste tire-derived pyrolyzed oil and biogas blends, indicating a viable path for sustainable transportation fuel.

Impact of Atmospheric Parameters on Human Respiratory Tract Infections (RTIs)

Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are a significant public health issue globally, with varying degrees of severity and implications. Environmental factors, particularly atmospheric parameters, can exacerbate these health conditions. Understanding the relationship between atmospheric conditions and RTIs is crucial for effective public health interventions. This systematic literature review analyzes research on the impact of atmospheric parameters on RTIs through a systematic search across multiple electronic databases using different keyword combinations. The retrieved articles were categorized based on atmospheric parameters investigated, such as temperature, humidity, air pollution, and rainfall. The review findings indicate that various atmospheric factors, including wind speed, air pollution (PM10, PM2.5, CO, and O3), air temperature, atmospheric pressure, and humidity, influence the occurrence and severity of respiratory infections. Low wind speed and high air pollution were identified as risk factors for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI). In children, meteorological factors like air temperature, atmospheric pressure, rainfall, sunlight hours, wind speed, and relative humidity were associated with lower respiratory tract infections. Pollutants like PM2.5, carbon monoxide, sulfur dioxide, and tropospheric ozone directly impact pediatric respiratory infections. Climate variables affect the seasonal activity of pathogens like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). These findings underscore the importance of considering atmospheric parameters in understanding and preventing RTIs. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach integrating environmental and public health interventions. This approach can better mitigate the effects of atmosphere-related risks on respiratory health.

Direct conversion of biogas to syngas over bimetallic nickel–cobalt supported on α-alumina catalysts

Syngas is an essential feedstock for many valuable chemicals, produced primarily by steam reformation of methane. Recently, dry reformation (reaction between methane and carbon dioxide) has gained importance as both the reactants are greenhouse gases (GHGs). However, dry reformation (DRM) produces syngas with a low H2/CO (<1.0). The DRM requires catalyst such as nickel supported on alumina, which results in higher coke. In this study, 6Ni–6Co/α-Al2O3 and 12Ni/α-Al2O3 catalysts were prepared by wetness impregnation. The catalysts were characterized using FESEM, XRD, XPS, BET, H2-TPR, NH3-TPD and H2-Chemisorption. The catalyst performance under DRM conditions were carried out in a fixed bed reactor at 20,000 ml/gcat.hr GHSV, between 600 °C and 700 °C, at atmospheric pressure. The performance of the catalysts was compared based on conversion of methane and carbon dioxide, hydrogen to carbon monoxide and coke deposition. The rates of consumption of methane carbon dioxide were found to be equal, and higher rates were observed for 6Ni–6Co/α-Al2O3, which is attributed to NiAl2O4/CoAl2O4 phase of active metals, higher surface area, smaller crystallite size and higher dispersion. This active phase of catalyst also responsible for higher rate of CO2 adsorption and reduced coke deposition. Highest H2/CO was found to be 1.26 for 6Ni–6Co/α-Al2O3.

Physical characteristics and combustion behavior of pellets from sawdust and refuse-derived fuel

Experimental research findings are reported on the ignition and combustion behavior, as well as mechanical properties of pellets from wood biomass (pine sawdust) and additives of refuse-derived fuel (cardboard, plastic and their mixture). The addition of RDF was found to increase the vibration durability and moisture resistance of pellets by 3.7–45.6% % compared to samples without additives. Cardboard and its mixture with plastic contributed to 2.7–5.8% greater density of pellets % compared to wood pellets. The impact resistance coefficient of pellets with waste decreased by 0.3– 2.3% compared to samples without additives. An increase in the proportion of cardboard and plastic led to longer delay times of the gas-phase and heterogeneous ignition. The ignition delay times decreased by a factor of 1.3–2.2 as a result of mixing cardboard with plastic compared to pellets with only cardboard or plastic. On the environmental side, the use of cardboard in pellets reduced the concentrations of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide by 10–24 % and 5–46%, respectively, compared to samples without additives. By contrast, the addition of plastic waste increased CO2 and CO by 4–15% and 5–63%, respectively. The combustion of pellets with RDF was characterized by 22–78% lower concentrations of NOx. The results of a multi-criteria decision analysis revealed that the use of RDF in wood pellets increased the efficiency indicator by 1 to 12% compared to wood pellets.

Predictions of PM2.5 using air pollutants and meteorological factors with COVID-19 cases in Malaysia and Indonesia: a comparative study using feature selection and robust regression

ABSTRACT The study examines the relationship between air quality, meteorological factors, and COVID-19 cases in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, and Kelapa Gading, North Jakarta. Analyzing data from 2020 and 2021, the research found notable correlations: COVID-19 cases in Cheras were positively associated with relative humidity (RH) and carbon monoxide (CO) but negatively with ozone (O₃) and RH in different years. In Kelapa Gading, COVID-19 cases were positively correlated with pollutants like sulfur dioxide (SO₂) and CO, while ambient temperature (AT) showed a negative correlation. The enforcement of social restrictions notably reduced air pollution, affecting COVID-19 spread. Predictive models for PM2.5 levels using robust regression techniques showed strong performance in Kuala Lumpur (R² > 0.9) but exhibited overfitting tendencies in Jakarta, suggesting the need for a longer study period for more accurate results.

Predictors of personal exposure to fine particulate matter, black carbon, and carbon monoxide among pregnant women in Rwanda

Predictors of personal exposure to fine particulate matter, black carbon, and carbon monoxide among pregnant women in Rwanda

An Examination of Chemical Tools for Hydrogen Selenide Donation and Detection.

Hydrogen selenide (H2Se) is an emerging biomolecule of interest with similar properties to that of other gaseous signaling molecules (i.e., gasotransmitters that include nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen sulfide). H2Se is enzymatically generated in humans where it serves as a key metabolic intermediate in the production of selenoproteins and other selenium-containing biomolecules. However, beyond its participation in biosynthetic pathways, its involvement in cellular signaling or other biological mechanisms remains unclear. To uncover its true biological significance, H2Se-specific chemical tools capable of functioning under physiological conditions are required but lacking in comparison to those that exist for other gasotransmitters. Recently, researchers have begun to fill this unmet need by developing new H2Se-releasing compounds, along with pioneering methods for selenide detection and quantification. In combination, the chemical tools highlighted in this review have the potential to spark groundbreaking explorations into the chemical biology of H2Se, which may lead to its branding as the fourth official gasotransmitter.

Use of machine learning algorithms to determine the relationship between air pollution and cognitive impairment in Taiwan

Air pollution has become a major global threat to human health. Urbanization and industrialization over the past few decades have increased the air pollution. Plausible connections have been made between air pollutants and dementia. This study used machine learning algorithms (k-nearest neighbors, random forest, gradient-boosted decision trees, eXtreme gradient boosting, and CatBoost) to investigate the association between cognitive impairment and air pollution. Data from the Taiwan Biobank and 75 air-pollution-monitoring stations in Taiwan were analyzed to determine individual levels of exposure to air pollutants. The pollutants examined were particulate matter with a diameter of ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), nitrogen dioxide, nitric oxide, carbon monoxide, and ozone. The results revealed that the most strongly correlated with cognitive impairment were ozone, PM2.5, and carbon monoxide levels with adjustment of educational level, age, and household income. The model based on these factors achieved accuracy as high as 0.97 for detecting cognitive impairment, indicating a positive association between air pollutions and cognitive impairment.

Characterising carbon monoxide exposure in urban households in London, England

Characterising carbon monoxide exposure in urban households in London, England

Multinational modelling of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide exposures from household air pollution in peri-urban Sub-Saharan Africa

Multinational modelling of fine particulate matter and carbon monoxide exposures from household air pollution in peri-urban Sub-Saharan Africa

Characterising carbon monoxide exposure in household dwellings in middle- and high-income countries – a literature review

Characterising carbon monoxide exposure in household dwellings in middle- and high-income countries – a literature review

Iron-sandstone synergy: Advancing in-situ hydrogen production from natural gas via electromagnetic heating

To address the escalating demands for decarbonization in the petroleum industry, a carbon-zero technology, known as in-situ hydrogen (H2) production via electromagnetic (EM)-assisted catalytic heating, has recently been proposed for generating and extracting clean H2 directly from petroleum reservoirs. Although preliminary techno-economic analyses show significant potential of this emerging technology for clean and affordable hydrogen, the fundamentals of natural gas conversion to H2 in the presence of reservoir rocks are poorly understood. In this study, we explore the synergy between sandstone and artificial iron-based catalysts in enhancing in-situ H2 production from methane (CH4) cracking under EM irradiation. The dynamic behaviors of sandstone under EM heating are comprehensively investigated, including its thermal behaviors, thermal runaway (TR) phenomenon, gas generation during TR, and energy consumption. We found that sandstone demonstrates an evident natural catalytic effect for promoting CH4 conversion to H2, enabling H2 production starting at about 394 °C. The natural catalytic role of iron minerals in sandstone is elucidated using various advanced characterization techniques. Remarkably, when adding iron catalysts into the sandstone, the highest H2 concentration and CH4 conversion reaches 91 mol.% and 80%, respectively, at a temperature of 666 °C, while they are 50 mol.% and 35%, respectively, for the sample consisting of iron catalysts and quartz at the same level of temperature. This result indicates a strong iron-sandstone synergy and a potential to stimulate H2 production by leveraging this synergy. Throughout the experimental process, the generation of carbon oxides (CO and CO2) is negligible. These findings pave a pathway towards future pilot for carbon-zero in-situ H2 production from sandstone gas reservoirs.

Copper decorated cuprous oxide–carbon nitride plasmonic p-n heterojunction with high-efficiently charge transfer for photodegradation of tetracycline

In this work, a novel copper decorated cuprous oxide–carbon nitride (Cu@Cu2O-g-C3N4) plasmonic p-n heterojunction was prepared by solvothermal method using pre-synthesized carbon nitride and Cu@Cu2O precursors as raw materials. The morphology observation for the sample exhibits that Cu2O precursor is dispersed from micrometer octahedrons to the particles with the sizes of 20 ∼ 200 nm under action of dimethylformamide, forming a close contact between Cu nanoparticles, Cu2O particles and g-C3N4 stacking flakes. The results of photodegradation shown that 96.4 % of 10 mg·L−1 tetracycline (TC) solution was decomposed within 60 min and degradation rate decreased by 9.2 % after five cycles. Photoelectrochemical characterizations indicated that photocatalytic performance of Cu@Cu2O-g-C3N4 was attributed to high-efficiently charge transfer base on the synergistic effect of heterojunction and plasmon resonance. The formation of p-n type built-in electric field between Cu@Cu2O and g-C3N4 enhances photocatalytic oxidative and reductive ability of the catalyst, and dual coupling effects induced by the localized surface plasmon resonance of Cu nanoparticles promote the amount of photogenerated electrons. This work provides a strategy for preparing efficient p-n heterojunction photocatalysts with plasma coupling effects by reconstructing the junction interface using facile solvothermal method.

Enhancing ammonia decomposition in ammonium hydroxide/diesel emulsion through hybrid nanocomposite and optimization for improved and greener combustion

In this study, a hybrid nanocomposite was synthesized and characterized to intensify ammonia decomposition in ammonium hydroxide (AH) emulsified diesel fuel. The optimal concentrations of AH and zinc oxide/carbon nanotube (ZnO/CNT) nanocomposite in diesel fuel were evaluated using response surface methodology for effectual and greener combustion. The range of AH concentration was varied from 10 % to 30 %, and ZnO/CNT nanocomposite concentration ranged from 50 ppm to 150 ppm in diesel fuel. Validation experiments were performed to confirm the optimized parameters’ competence compared to regular diesel fuel (RDF). Fourier Transform Infrared and X-ray Diffraction analyses verified successful ZnO/CNT nanocomposite synthesis with desired structural and chemical properties. Optimization results indicated that an 17.2 % volume concentration of AH and 82.3 ppm of ZnO/CNT nanocomposite in RDF yielded efficient combustion with reduced emissions. Validation results showed that the inclusion of 17 % AH in RDF decreased engine brake thermal efficiency (BTE) by 11.1 % and increased brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC), hydrocarbon (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions by 11.3 %, 9.1 %, 9.9 %, and 3 %, respectively. Furthermore, the presence of the nanocomposite (82.3 ppm) enhanced BTE by 10.1 % and reduced BSFC, HC, CO, and NOx emissions by 6.9 %, 6.2 %, 6.9 %, and 5.9 %, respectively. The advancements in fuel additives, such as ZnO/CNT nanocomposites in AH emulsified diesel fuel, have the potential to create more fuel-efficient and cleaner diesel engines. These improvements can significantly contribute to sustainable energy solutions.