Levels Of Carbon Dioxide Emissions Research Articles

Impact of renewable and non-renewable generation on economic growth in Greece

The consumption of coal, oil, and other fossil fuels has raised concerns about climate change. The Kyoto Protocol and the Paris Agreement aimed to address climate change by promoting sustainable clean energy technologies. The UN conference in the United Arab Emirates in December 2023 concluded with an agreement marking the end of the fossil fuel era. All these developments aim to address climate change through the use of clean energy technologies while maintaining economic growth. The connection of climate change with the developing model has gained significant importance on countries’ adjusted plans for climate change. The fossil fuels have a negative impact on economic growth of Greece, implying a continuous dependence from non renewable energy sources and a burden of economic expansion. The reliable estimation of the consequences of climate change on growth, both spatial and temporal, constitutes a decisive parameter for the adjusted plan not only in short term level but also in a long term horizon. Focusing on the improvement of energy efficiency, on the maximization use of renewable energy sources in Greece, on the emphasis given to technologies and fuels storage as well as alternative technologies of energetic and industrial sector, the achievement of energetic and climate transition designed on Greece will be feasible on a long term strategy. The results showed that the growth of renewable energy sources to produce electric energy is necessary for the sustainable growth of Greece. Specifically, the results of ARDL model showed that the renewable energy sources have a positive impact on economic growth in Greece in the long run, and the non-renewable energy sources have a significant effect on economic growth in the short run. These results imply that the aim for investments on renewable energy sources from policy makers should be direct mainly on regions with high levels of carbon dioxide emissions due to lignite combustion.

Application of the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis in the Indian core industries: Towards a greener economy

AbstractThe study investigates the long‐term effects of two core industries of India, namely crude oil and electricity on the environment by adopting the industry‐specific environmental Kuznets curve (IEKC) hypothesis. While crude oil is high‐polluting, the impact of the electricity industry on the environment is less severe. A traditional EKC hypothesis, described by an inverted U‐shape, demonstrates the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. The study tests IEKC individually for each of the two industries for time series data ranging from 1994 to 2021 for the crude oil industry and from 1994 to 2019 for the electricity industry. Carbon dioxide emission levels and the Index of Eight Core Industries are the indicators used to measure the environmental degradation and industrial growth levels, respectively. The study adopts autoregressive distributed lag approach to test the IEKC hypothesis. The findings suggest rejecting the IEKC hypothesis in the Indian crude oil industry, indicating its long‐term adverse environmental effects. In contrast, acceptance of the hypothesis in the electricity industry confirms that electricity energy can potentially lower the country's pollution level in the long run. The study adds to the existing literature by applying the IEKC hypothesis in the core industries of India to judge their environmental sustainability.

AN IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR ASSURING ENERGY AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

Energy efficiency contributes almost 40% of the potential for lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing climate change while sustaining economic development is a crucial and complex task. The research examined energy efficiency's influence on economic growth and environmental sustainability in the top 10 nations with the highest energy efficiency levels between 1990 and 2019. The analysis used energy availability, security, and depletion as moderating factors. A comprehensive empirical investigation, including sophisticated econometric approaches, was conducted to achieve this objective. The findings of the Westerlund panel co-integration test imply long-term linkages among the variables under consideration. The research indicates a positive correlation between energy intensity, availability, and safety, as well as the levels of carbon dioxide emissions, ecological impact, and economic development. The decrease in energy availability was shown to have a detrimental effect on economic growth while positively correlated with both carbon dioxide emissions and the environmental impact. The results indicate that energy magnitude, availability, and security have an excellent effect on economic development but affect the surroundings. The empirical data suggests that economies must attempt to meet economic and ecological goals by separating energy use from economic growth. This task is performed via enhancements in energy utilization.

AN IMPROVED ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT MODEL FOR ASSURING ENERGY AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY

Energy efficiency contributes almost 40% of the potential for lowering greenhouse gas emissions. Addressing climate change while sustaining economic development is a crucial and complex task. The research examined energy efficiency's influence on economic growth and environmental sustainability in the top 10 nations with the highest energy efficiency levels between 1990 and 2019. The analysis used energy availability, security, and depletion as moderating factors. A comprehensive empirical investigation, including sophisticated econometric approaches, was conducted to achieve this objective. The findings of the Westerlund panel co-integration test imply long-term linkages among the variables under consideration. The research indicates a positive correlation between energy intensity, availability, and safety, as well as the levels of carbon dioxide emissions, ecological impact, and economic development. The decrease in energy availability was shown to have a detrimental effect on economic growth while positively correlated with both carbon dioxide emissions and the environmental impact. The results indicate that energy magnitude, availability, and security have an excellent effect on economic development but affect the surroundings. The empirical data suggests that economies must attempt to meet economic and ecological goals by separating energy use from economic growth. This task is performed via enhancements in energy utilization.

Can the Establishment of Free Trade Zones Promote Carbon Emission Reduction? ----Based on Multi-period Double Difference Model

As the Shanghai Free Trade Zone (FTZ) celebrates its 10th anniversary, it is crucial to examine the impact of the FTZ's construction on regional carbon emissions under the dual carbon targets of carbon neutrality and carbon peaking. Based on panel data from 282 prefecture-level cities between 2006 and 2021, this article aims to provide insight into the impact of the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) pilot policy on urban carbon dioxide emissions levels. By constructing a difference-in-differences (DID) model, this study aims to investigate the effects of the Free Trade Zone (FTZ) policy on carbon emission reduction. In order to perform a mechanism test, two more mechanistic variables—namely, technical advancement and upgrading of the industrial structure—are incorporated. According to the findings from experiments, the policy of free trade zones can effectively reduce carbon emissions from urban areas. This is primarily achieved by optimizing the industrial structure and scientific and technological mechanisms.

TRANSITION TO A GREEN ECONOMY: THE LINK BETWEEN POLITICAL UNCERTAINTY AND CARBON EMISSIONS

This paper investigates the environmental consequences of political uncertainty due to terrorism using a panel dataset of 158 economies from 1995 to 2020. The empirical findings show that terrorist activities lead to lower levels of carbon dioxide emissions, with severe terrorist activities having quantitatively larger impacts. This paper further analyzes the heterogeneity of impact across economies from two distinct perspectives, involving disaggregation by the level of democracy and by the political stability of economies. Results suggest that economies with a low democracy level and fragile situation are characterized by a significant impact of terrorism on carbon emissions. However, the impact on democratic and politically stable economies is insignificant.

Designing Brazilian institutional framework for Carbon Capture, Use and Storage (CCUS) activities: the role of competent authority

It is understood that the Paris Agreement is a milestone for studying and analyzing the behavior of countries and, consequently, of the institutions and agents involved in the objective of reducing carbon dioxide emission levels. Measures are mentioned to assist in climate mitigation, which stands out in this article, carbon capture, use, and storage (CCUS). The present work aims to address the theme pertinent to defining Brazil's CCUS activities' institutional competencies. The methodology is analytical and qualitative. The research pointed out at least three possible paths to design the CCUS institutional framework in Brazil, from the possible amendment to the Constitution to the mere infra-legal regulation. The most suitable path, considering the lowest cost, was the use of pre-existing frameworks and a legal enhancement, empowering public agents so that they can be endowed with regulatory and political power to encourage desired behaviors.

Parametric Evaluation of Biogas Production from Sawdust and Treated Human Faeces: Optimal Custom Design Approach

As energy demand is increasing astronomically, fossil-based fuels became scarce and more expensive, and carbon dioxide emission levels became of greater concern. Thus, the need to convert the co-digestion of sawdust and treated human faeces to produce biogas, a carbon-neutral gas to replace fossil fuels. From the outcome, the logistic function model performance was satisfactory in the simulation of the experimental process. The codigestion of sawdust and human faeces at 2.5 kg each produced the highest biogas output of 5.43 L using Optimal (Custom) Design of Mixture approach but the human faeces alone gave a better biogas quality. Additionally, the high coefficient of determination (R2) ranging between 0.9959 - 0.9879 and standard deviation of 0.023 - 0.321 for temperature - biogas yield respectively, fall within an ideal range. Thus, the model proved to be a useful tool in predicting anaerobic digestion and biogas production processes. Furthermore, the FTIR analysis of sawdust and human faeces indicates their potential to produce biogas if subjected to anaerobic environment. In addition, the GCMS analyzed the % of methane to be 58.40% which is within accepted range. The biogas was tested with a locally fabricated gas burner for flammability and it ignited with a blue flame. Thus, this experiment can be translated to an industrial scale biogas production for cooking and electricity to boost local economy and alleviate poverty.

ANALISIS FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI EMISI KARBONDIOKSIDA DI NEGARA INDUSTRI BARU TAHUN 2000-2020

Global warming is a very serious issue in this era of globalization and there is always news all over the world. One of the causes of global warming is an increase in greenhouse gases (GHG). Of the various types of greenhouse gases (GHG), carbon emissions (CO2) are the most important source of problems. This is because carbon emissions make the highest contribution, namely 76 percent, to changes in global warming. Newly Industrialized Countries are one of the groups of countries that contribute the highest levels of CO₂ emissions in the world, which have continued to increase every year over the last 21 years. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence carbon dioxide emissions in New Industrial Countries from 2000 to 2020. The type and source of data used is based on the IPAT (Impact-Population-Affluence-Technology) model with quantitative descriptive methods, using data secondary data in the form of time series for 21 years and cross section using 10 countries in the New Industrial Countries. The results of this research show that the variables of population growth rate, urbanization, per capita income, and trade openness have a positive and significant impact on the level of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in Newly Industrialized Countries in 2000-2020. Meanwhile, the variable number of internet users has a negative and significant effect on the level of carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in New Industrial Countries in 2000-2020.

An Inquiry into the Characteristics of Carbon Emissions in Inter-Provincial Transportation in China: Aiming to Typological Strategies for Carbon Reduction in Regional Transportation

The low-carbon development of the transportation sector is crucial for China to achieve its national goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. Since China is a vast country with unbalanced regional development, there are considerable differences in the levels of carbon dioxide emissions from the transportation sector across regions. Therefore, revealing the influencing factors that shape the characteristics of transportation carbon dioxide emissions (TCO2) can inform tailored sub-national carbon reduction strategies based on local conditions, which is an important technical approach for achieving national goals. Based on an extended Kaya identity, we derived indicators of the impacts on provincial TCO2 from factors such as economic development, population density, energy structure, transportation efficiency, technology research and development (R&D), infrastructure construction, transportation operation conditions, and residents’ transportation behavior. Using a multi-indicator joint characterization method, we explored the characteristics of provincial TCO2 in China in 2019. By applying Ward’s method to hierarchical clustering, the thirty provinces of China were classified into six characteristic types (Types I to VI). Based on the total TCO2 (TC), the intensity of TCO2 (TI), and the per capita TCO2 (TP) calculated for each province in 2019, the priority control directions and indicators for carbon reduction in each type were obtained through relative relationships with provincial averages and correlation analysis with the indicators. Specifically, Type I and Type IV can be categorized as TP-controlled, Type II and Type III as TC-controlled, and Type V and Type VI as TI-controlled. Finally, we provided typological strategies and key performance indicators (KPIs) relevant to local governments to better achieve carbon reduction goals in each provincial type. It can promote cooperative development and collaborative governance in carbon reduction across regions and the unified implementation of China’s dual-carbon goals.

ეკონომიკური პოლიტიკის როლი „მწვანე ენერგეტიკაზე“ გადასვლის პროცესში

Energy plays an important role in the economic and social development of the world. Moreover, the history of economic and social development can be considered as the history of energy development (Li N..., 2021). After the Industrial Revolution, use of fossil fuel-based energy (coal, oil, and gas) greatly increased productivity. However, environmental pollution caused by these kinds of energies has gradually become a challenge of the modern world. Recent studies confirm that the consumption of fossil fuels causes negative effects on the environment (Wu MR..., 2018). In order to reduce the negative impact on the environment, in various international negotiations, including the Paris Agreement, the replacement of traditional fossil fuels with renewable - green energy resources, is considered. Including solar, wind, hydrogen, hydro energies and etc; which does not cause harmful effects on the environment. Also, the transition to green energy is considered a necessary condition for sustainable development. Since the 1980s, despite various global climate policies, carbon dioxide emission levels have been steadily increasing; Excluding the disruption caused by the COVID-19 pandemic (BP..., 2022). It is a significant fact that emission reduction obligations are voluntary and self-fulfilling, without any legal penalties (Ganda, 2019). Consequently, these policies have neither brought significant benefits to countries nor any punitive measures for their violations. Based on this, it is necessary to investigate the contributing factors at the local level and ensure an effective economic policy. To analyze this issue, this paper reviews economic theory, several market failures, namely: environmental and knowledge spilover "externalities” and practical ways to overcome these failures. Most of the policy instruments used to drive the green energy transition, such as regulations, subsidies and tax incentives, have been known from industrial policy. However, for the green transformation to be real and effective, the dose of government intervention needs to exceed the norms imposed by "traditional" industrial policy. Supportive public policies can encourage change by shifting profit opportunities from polluting investments to green investments. However, these changes always involve "losing" parties who will try to lobby their interests in government forces; This will create a risk for both political and economic stability. These interests need to be well studied and managed. However, given the complexity of the green transformation, it is unrealistic to expect that government policy alone will be able to achieve this. In addition to the involvement of the government, there is a need to develop a policy that will unite non-state forces as well. For example, environmental non-governmental organizations and consumer associations, as well as other forces operating in the economy, including firms, investors and households.

A survey on energy‐efficient workflow scheduling algorithms in cloud computing

AbstractThe advancements in computing and storage capabilities of machines and their fusion with new technologies like the Internet of Thing (IoT), 5G networks, and artificial intelligence, to name a few, has resulted in a paradigm shift in the way computing is done in a cloud environment. In addition, the ever‐increasing user demand for cloud services and resources has resulted in cloud service providers (CSPs) expanding the scale of their data center facilities. This has increased energy consumption leading to more carbon dioxide emission levels. Hence, it becomes all the more important to design scheduling algorithms that optimize the use of cloud resources with minimum energy consumption. This paper surveys state‐of‐the‐art algorithms for scheduling workflow tasks to cloud resources with a focus on reducing energy consumption. For this, we categorize different workflow scheduling algorithms based on the scheduling approaches used and provide an analytical discussion of the algorithms covered in the paper. Further, we provide a detailed classification of different energy‐efficient strategies used by CSPs for energy saving in data centers. Finally, we describe some of the popular real‐world workflow applications as well as highlight important emerging trends and open issues in cloud computing for future research directions.

A MULTIFACETED APPROACH TO ASSESSING INTERMODAL TRANSPORT

The article presents the issues of land intermodal transport, taking into account their impact on the natural environment. The subject of the research is the use of the ELECTRE I method as a decision support tool in the assessment of various variants of transport, taking into account intermodal transport, i.e., transport on the initial and final sections of the route with the use of road transport and transport in the middle longest section by rail transport. This significantly reduces the emission of harmful compounds emitted into the atmosphere by the transport industry. In connection with the above, research on the possibility of choosing transport routes using mixed modes of land transport has been presented. The analyzed transport from point A to destination B considers two reloading operations at the land intermodal terminals. For each of the variants, indicators related to emissions from fuel consumption, the total time and cost of the process, the share of rail transport in the entire process, and the distance of road transport were calculated. The final analysis of the results shows that the following parameters had the most significant impact on the course of the research: the level of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere and the total cost of the process for a given variant. Based on the conducted research, it can be concluded that the variant of transporting cargo from Rybnik to Świdnik with reloading at the PCC Intermodal terminals in Gliwice and the Lublin Container Terminal turned out to be the most advantageous solution.

UTILIZATION OF SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGY TO MITIGATE CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS MAIN CHALLENGES

In tackling the increasing adverse effects of climate change, the significance of sustainable technologies cannot be overemphasized. To comprehensively assess the gravity of the climate predicament and appraise the effectiveness of sustainable technological innovations, this study highlights the urgent necessity for joint ventures aimed at surmounting barricades inhibiting the smooth integration of these technologies in diverse sectors. Disturbingly, the findings of this investigation illustrate a notable upsurge in the levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, which can be attributed to economic undertakings, industrial activities, energy consumption, and policies, all of which compound the global climate crisis. Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly important in the fight against global warming. Carbonization, which releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, is largely to blame for exacerbating the problem. This process has had devastating effects on ecosystems and biodiversity. To combat these effects, we need to transition away from using fossil fuels and towards using renewable energy sources. However, operational challenges in integrating renewable energy into existing electricity networks, coupled with a lack of public awareness and education about renewable energy, pose significant obstacles to widespread adoption. KEYWORDS: Climate Change, Sustainable Technologies, Carbonization, Renewable Energy, Integration Challenges

Environmental Concerns in Marine Ecology and Strategies for Sustainable Development

Since the commencement of the Industrial Revolution, there has been a gradual and consistent escalation in the level of carbon dioxide emissions, thus causing a drastic alteration in the global climate. As the most substantial ecological environment system on Earth, the marine ecological environment system has also undergone substantial impacts as a result of these climatic changes. Despite its vast size, minor environmental dilemmas were not emphasized initially, leading to momentous qualitative changes caused by the quantitative ones; consequently, human face critical concerns related to marine ecological environment today. The intent of this study is to delineate corresponding sustainable development approaches for the persisting environmental issues under the theoretical framework of sustainable development. Initially, the causes of climate change are discussed, and the undeniably significant role humans have played is examined. Subsequently, alterations in climate change affect various segments of the marine ecosystem differently concerning seawater hydrological conditions, consequently producing a series of chain reactions that ultimately affect the overall marine ecological environment. Various sustainable development strategies have been proposed under the theoretical framework of sustainable development to address the multiple minor problems that contribute to the overall marine ecological environment issues. This study endeavors to present an extensive summary of the marine ecological environment issue in its entirety; however, it should be followed by further in-depth analysis and consolidation of the ecological environment issues of disparate links in the ecosystem, thereby increasing the effectiveness of the targeting approach. This paper expects that through this study, the specific impact of climate change on the marine ecological environment and the direction that human society must work towards to achieve improvement would be made more evident.

Assessment of factors affecting the level of carbon dioxide emissions

Subject. Climate change worries not only environmentalists fighting for the preservation of glaciers and biodiversity on the planet, but also economists, since social development is one of the components of the economic development of the whole society. It is highly advisable to conduct a comprehensive analysis of the impact of various factors on the country's climate policy and its actions to reduce carbon dioxide emissions. Objectives. The study aims to assess the impact of various factors on the level of CO2 emissions. Methods. We performed a regression analysis based on panel data. With the help of correlation analysis, we selected factors, according to which we built three regression models. After statistical tests (the Wald, Breusch-Pagan, and Hausman tests), we chose a model with fixed effects. The model is well suited, since we considered a specific set of 79 countries with non-zero carbon dioxide emissions in a certain period of time. The statistical database was built on data from 1965 to 2021. Results. The constructed model demonstrated that Resource consumption is the largest contributor to carbon dioxide emissions. Other significant factors affecting the level of CO2 emissions are GDP and population. Conclusions. The findings can help in the development of more effective strategies for reducing emissions, combating climate change, and improving the energy efficiency of companies.

A comparative study of statistical and machine learning models on carbon dioxide emissions prediction of China.

The escalating levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions represent the primary driver of global warming, and addressing them is of paramount importance. Timely and accurate prediction, as well as effective control of CO2 emissions, are pivotal for guiding mitigation measures. This paper aims to select the best prediction model for near-real-time daily CO2 emissions in China. The prediction models are based on univariate daily time-series data spanning January 1st, 2020, to September 30st, 2022. Six models are proposed, including three statistical models: grey prediction (GM(1,1)), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average with exogenous factors (SARIMAX), and three machine learning models: artificial neural network (ANN), random forest (RF), and long short-term memory (LSTM). The performance of these six models is evaluated using five criteria: mean squared error (MSE), root-mean squared error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Our findings reveal that the three machine learning models consistently outperform the three statistical models across all five criteria. Among them, the LSTM model demonstrates exceptional performance for daily CO2 emission prediction, boasting an impressively low MSE value of 3.5179e-04, an RMSE value of 0.0187, an MAE value of 0.0140, an MAPE value of 14.8291%, and a high R2 value of 0.9844. This underscores the robustness of the LSTM model in capturing and predicting complex emission patterns, positioning it as the most suitable option for near-real-time daily CO2 emission prediction based on the provided daily time series data. Moreover, our study's results provide valuable insights into emissions forecasting, enabling data-driven decision-making for policymakers and stakeholders. The accurate and timely predictions offered by the LSTM model can aid in the formulation of effective strategies to mitigate carbon emissions, contributing to a more sustainable future. Furthermore, the findings of this study can enhance our understanding of the dynamics of CO2 emissions, leading to more informed environmental policies and actions aimed at reducing carbon emissions.

Simulation and multi-objective assessment of an environmentally friendly trigeneration system powered by biogas from landfilling using a novel cascade heat integration model

This study introduces a novel integrated trigeneration system fed by biogas fuel from landfilling, promoting environmentally sustainable practices. In the system proposed within this study, fuel combustion occurs through the implementation of a gas turbine cycle, while the subsequent waste heat is efficiently recuperated within a cascade framework. The combustion process is combined with a supercritical carbon dioxide cycle, an organic Rankine cycle, an ammonia Rankine cycle, a seawater desalination unit, and a Kalina cycle. The process is simulated using the Aspen HYSYS software while conducting a comprehensive analysis encompassing the energy, exergy, economic, and environmental aspects. In view of the thermodynamic perspective, the analysis yields values of 70.28%, 24.89%, and 57.51% for the energy utilization factor, and thermal and exergy efficiencies, respectively. The subsequent environmental results illustrate that the proposed scheme exhibits a carbon dioxide emission level of 0.272 kgCO2/kWh, yielding a noteworthy reduction of 51.02% in carbon dioxide emissions compared to a traditional power and heat generation system. Besides, the economic analysis demonstrates a positive net present value of 779, 571, 045 $ for the proposed process. Furthermore, the total unit cost of products and cost of energy are found at 12.25 $/GJ and 0.022 $/kWh, respectively.

Race to environmental sustainability: Can structural change, economic expansion and natural resource consumption effect environmental sustainability? A novel dynamic ARDL simulations approach

This research examines the effects of the structural profile, consumption of clean energy sources, and revenue generation on environmental sustainability via the production of carbon dioxide emission levels. A few studies on the connections among the structural profile, economic prosperity, and ecological sustainability are available in the literaturewith regard the country used in this study. The ARDL (Autoregressive Distributed Lag) testing approach is used to investigate both the short-term and long-term variations in practical cointegration. The results of both the long- and short-run assessments suggested that while urbanization encourages a clean environment, the use of green energy and growth in the economy degrade the atmosphere. However, structural changes may have a negative effect on environmental sustainability over a short period. Additional CUSUM and CUSUM Square experiments have confirmed the model's constancy. Additionally, observations via Granger causality-oriented values or ARDL reveal directional accuracy. In particular, the study supports policymakers' efforts to reduce carbon emissions by emphasizing energy production from renewable sources. In the meantime, to levy taxing carbon on significant industries, via a special emphasis on the ecologic economy, the government must enact stringent laws and regulations, which are proven to be the most helpful to the environment and has an enormous impact on an economy's economic growth.

Enhancing Sustainable Production of Fatty Acid Methyl Ester from Palm Oil Using Bio-Based Heterogeneous Catalyst: Process Simulation and Techno-Economic Analysis.

A new sustainable solid carbon catalyst has been developed for biodiesel synthesis using pyrolytic coconut shell ash (CSA). The CSA support was loaded with various amounts of potassium carbonate (K2CO3), and response surface methodology with a central composite design was used to optimize the transesterification process. The best-performing catalyst was the 30 wt % K2CO3/CSA catalyst. The optimal conditions included a catalyst loading of 3.27 wt %, methanol:oil molar ratio of 9.98:1, reaction time of 74 min, and temperature of 65 °C, resulting in an obtained biodiesel yield of 97.14%. This catalyst was reusable for up to four cycles, but a reduction in the biodiesel yield was observed due to potassium ion leaching during the recovery process. A techno-economic analysis to assess the financial viability of the project revealed a net present value of 5.16 million USD for a project lifetime of 20 years, a payback period time of 2.49 years, and an internal rate of return of 44.2%. An environmental assessment to evaluate the impact of global warming potential from the production of biodiesel revealed a lower level of carbon dioxide emission (1401.86 ton/y) than in the conventional process (1784.6 ton/y).