Carbide Nanoparticles Research Articles

Flax/ramie hybrid fibers enhanced with SiC nanoparticles

To create a hybrid material of ramie and flax fibers with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles, it should have better thermal and mechanical properties. Across industries, sustainable materials are growing in demand for high performance, which is the impetus behind this study. A sustainable future is more about contributing to sustainable alternatives like ramie and flax fibers made from traditional synthetic materials. A key area focused on increasing strength, temperature resistance, and stiffness will be the addition of SiC nanoparticles to hybrid fibers. The research process carefully mixes the ramie and flax fibers with SiC nanoparticles to achieve optimal flexibility, thermal stability, and balance of strength. Hybrid material is examined using characterization techniques such as mechanical testing and scanning electron microscopy to determine the functioning of the microstructure. The possibility of composite material recycling, the impact of hybrid fibers, and accounting for natural fibers for sustainability are considered possible in this research. It should be innovative material development that has significant implications from the findings that meet environmental sustainability goals and satisfy performance requirements.

The effect of tungsten carbide nanoparticles on the morphological, mechanical and tribological properties of WC/epoxy and WC/TBCP/epoxy nanocomposite

The paper reported on the effect of a polyethylene glycol-block-polypropylene glycol-block-polyethylene glycol (EO-PPO-EO) triblock copolymer (TBCP) on phase separation, mechanical properties of epoxy based on bisphenol F-(epichlorohydrin) and hardener (1-methylethyl-1,1'-biphenyl) (izoforon diamine) system and effect of a tungsten carbide (WC) reinforced two of WC/epoxy resin and WC /triblock (TBCP)/epoxy nanocomposites.In the work, TBCP content was used at 3%, 6%, 9% and 12% wt. for epoxy matrix. The optimal TBCP concentration was discovered to be 3% wt. in order to produce a good balance of mechanical characteristics. The comparative study of morphology and mechanical properties of two systems, tungsten carbide (WC) reinforced epoxy resin and WC /triblock (TBCP) /epoxy nanocomposites, has been examined. WC was added to two systems in three different weight proportions (1%, 2% and 3%). Specimens were fabricated by hand layup technique by pouring epoxy resin and reinforcement mixture into silicon moulds.The addition of nanoparticles did not affect the miscibility of the copolymer on the resin. Tensile, impact and wear tests were performed to ASTM standards. From the results, it was observed that WC reinforcement in epoxy resin results in high tensile strength and modulus and also increases impact strength and wear resistance compared to neat epoxy.Several spherical formations concerning phase separation and the creation of immiscible TBCP structures in the epoxy matrix are seen.The tests proved that epoxy nanocomposite with TBCP and WC as filler demonstrated that the nanoparticles utilised with block copolymers do not affect the distribution of the copolymer in the matrix, suggesting enhancing the nanoparticle's adherence to the matrix were characterised by the best tribological properties and mechanical properties, which was unchanged or better than the epoxy resin used as a matrix.

Synthesis of Nickel–Tungsten Bimetallic Carbide Nanoparticles for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Benzofuran

Synthesis of Nickel–Tungsten Bimetallic Carbide Nanoparticles for the Hydrodeoxygenation of Benzofuran

Influences of silicon carbide nanoparticles on graphite reinforced sisal (agave sisalana) fiber hybrid composite: behaviour study

Influences of silicon carbide nanoparticles on graphite reinforced sisal (agave sisalana) fiber hybrid composite: behaviour study

Optical energy band gap investigation of the zinc carbide nanoparticles prepared by nanosecond pulsed laser ablation of zinc metals in hexane liquid medium

Many different applications make use of carbide nanoparticles, which could be prepared via conventional techniques, but all of these techniques tend to be intricate, and several steps must be completed before fabrication can begin. However, in this study, we present, for the first time, a straightforward technique for the production of zinc carbide nanoparticles (ZnC) through the use of nanosecond laser ablation of a zinc target immersed in hexane with the assistance of a purged nitrogen gas. We conducted optical absorption spectroscopy on the produced nanostructured materials. We studied the optical properties using the conventional method of the Tauc relation. We compared these values with various innovative approaches, including the absorption spectrum fitting method (ASF) and its derivative method (DASF). We conducted an investigation into each approach's correction to achieve a satisfactory level of agreement between the values, and documented a comparable pattern. These results help us understand the physicochemical properties of zinc carbide and other nanoparticles or nanocomposites that do not have any chemical residues. They make them a possible candidate to improve luminescence catalytic activity, photonics, and optoelectronic applications.

In Vitro Toxicological Insights from the Biomedical Applications of Iron Carbide Nanoparticles in Tumor Theranostics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: Despite the encouraging indications regarding the suitability (biocompatibility) of iron carbide nanoparticles (ICNPs) in various biomedical applications, the published evidence of their biosafety is dispersed and relatively sparse. The present review synthesizes the existing nanotoxicological data from in vitro studies relevant to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. (2) Methods: A systematic review was performed in electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Wiley Online Library) on December 2023, searching for toxicity assessments of ICNPs of different sizes, coatings, and surface modifications investigated in immortalized human and murine cell lines. The risk of bias in the studies was assessed using the ToxRTool for in vitro studies. (3) Results: Among the selected studies (n = 22), cell viability emerged as the most frequently assessed cellular-level toxicity endpoint. The results of the meta-analysis showed that cell models treated with ICNPs had a reduced cell viability (SMD = -2.531; 95% CI: -2.959 to -2.109) compared to untreated samples. A subgroup analysis was performed due to the high magnitude of heterogeneity (I2 = 77.1%), revealing that ICNP concentration and conjugated ligands are the factors that largely influence toxicity (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusions: A dose-dependent cytotoxicity of ICNP exposure was observed, regardless of the health status of the cell, tested organism, and NP size. Inconsistent reporting of ICNP physicochemical properties was noted, which hinders comparability among the studies. A comprehensive exploration of the available in vivo studies is required in future research to assess the safety of ICNPs' use in bioimaging and cancer treatment.

Investigating the valence balance of adding Nano SiC and MWCNTs on the improvement properties of copper composite using mechanical alloying and SPS techniques

This study presents a comprehensive investigation of copper-based nanocomposites reinforced with silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). The manufacturing procedure involved powder metallurgy techniques followed by spark plasma sintering (SPS). Microstructural analysis revealed a notable reduction in particle size (from 23.72 μm to 18.31 μm) and crystallite size (from 104.32 nm to 87.36 nm) with the addition of reinforcements. The bulk microstructure exhibited a reduction in grain size by approximately 13.1 %. XRD analysis confirmed the absence of new phases. Evaluation of SPS parameters demonstrated varying density and porosity, with the highest relative density of 99.96 % observed in pure copper composites. Hardness measurements indicated that surface hardness surpassed cross-sectional values, with the lowest recorded value being 64.79 HV for composite Cu-5%SiC-1%MWCNTs (S4). Wear rate analysis revealed an increase, with pure copper composites exhibiting a wear rate of 1.78 × 10^-4 mm3/m, while composite S4 displayed a rate of 3.25 × 10^-4 mm3/m under a load of 5 N. Coefficient of Friction (COF) exhibited significant fluctuations, influenced by the applied load and composite composition. Thermal conductivity decreased with higher SiC and MWCNT content, with sample S1 exhibiting the highest thermal conductivity among reinforced composites. Electrical conductivity trends were influenced by the type and concentration of reinforcing particles, resulting in an increase of approximately six times in composite S4 compared to the pure sample.

Macrophages as carriers of boron carbide nanoparticles dedicated to boron neutron capture therapy

BackgroundThe use of cells as carriers for the delivery of nanoparticles is a promising approach in anticancer therapy, mainly due to their natural properties, such as biocompatibility and non-immunogenicity. Cellular carriers prevent the rapid degradation of nanoparticles, improve their distribution, reduce cytotoxicity and ensure selective delivery to the tumor microenvironment. Therefore, we propose the use of phagocytic cells as boron carbide nanoparticle carriers for boron delivery to the tumor microenvironment in boron neutron capture therapy.ResultsMacrophages originating from cell lines and bone marrow showed a greater ability to interact with boron carbide (B4C) than dendritic cells, especially the preparation containing larger nanoparticles (B4C 2). Consequently, B4C 2 caused greater toxicity and induced the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines by these cells. However, migration assays demonstrated that macrophages loaded with B4C 1 migrated more efficiently than with B4C 2. Therefore, smaller nanoparticles (B4C 1) with lower toxicity but similar ability to activate macrophages proved to be more attractive.ConclusionsMacrophages could be promising cellular carriers for boron carbide nanoparticle delivery, especially B4C 1 to the tumor microenvironment and thus prospective use in boron neutron capture therapy.Graphical

Influence of SiC and ZnO Doping on the Electrical Performance of Polylactic Acid-Based Triboelectric Nanogenerators.

Polylactic acid (PLA) is one of the most widely used materials for fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing. It is a biodegradable thermoplastic polyester, derived from natural resources such as corn starch or sugarcane, with low environmental impact and good mechanical properties. One important feature of PLA is that its properties can be modulated by the inclusion of nanofillers. In this work, we investigate the influence of SiC and ZnO doping of PLA on the triboelectric performance of PLA-based tribogenerators. Our results show that the triboelectric signal in ZnO-doped PLA composites increases as the concentration of ZnO in PLA increases, with an enhancement in the output power of 741% when the ZnO concentration in PLA is 3 wt%. SiC-doped PLA behaves in a different manner. Initially the triboelectric signal increases, reaching a peak value with enhanced output power by 284% compared to undoped PLA, when the concentration of SiC in PLA is 1.5 wt%. As the concentration increases to 3 wt%, the triboelectric signal reduces significantly and is comparable to or less than that of the undoped PLA. Our results are consistent with recent data for PVDF doped with silicon carbide nanoparticles and are attributed to the reduction in the contact area between the triboelectric surfaces.

Evaluating the influence of various friction stir processing strategies on surface integrity of hybrid nanocomposite Al6061

To fundamentally investigate the influence of different friction stir processing (FSP) strategies, namely raster, spiral, and parallel in various passes on the surface integrity of hybrid aluminum nanocomposites reinforced by titanium oxide (TiO2), silicon carbide (SiC), and zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles, various examinations were conducted. The surface integrity, comprising microstructural characterization, elemental composition, surface topography, roughness, waviness, and microhardness was studied by different analyses, including scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical microscopy (OM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and Vickers microhardness machine in different zones. Results demonstrated that surface integrity and quality are dependent on the type of FSP strategy. SEM images revealed that a homogeneous distribution of the nanoparticles in the matrix is obtainable by the parallel and raster FSP strategies. Roughness and waviness measurements illustrated that the surface topography of the hybrid nanocomposite was symmetrical and improved by raster strategy and TiO2 + ZrO2 nanoparticle reinforcement. Furthermore, the two-pass FSP improved the arithmetic average surface value (Ra) such that the Ra of two passes decreased by 32.5% compared to a single one. The mean microhardness in the spiral, raster, and parallel pass strategies increased by ~ 45%, 37%, and 31%, respectively.

Formation of composites with an aluminum matrix reinforced with tungsten carbide nanoparticles

Relevance. The fact that composites with a metal matrix and structural products based on them are in great demand in various industries, including the automotive industry, aerospace industry, and shipbuilding. Aluminum matrix composites are the most popular since they combine the excellent ductility, low density, good corrosion resistance of aluminum and the high strength, hardness and wear resistance of a ceramic reinforcing component. Aim. To obtain bulk Al-WC metal matrix composites with different contents of the reinforcing phase and with increased physical and mechanical characteristics using spark plasma sintering. Objects. Sintered bulk products made of pure aluminum and obtained at 400, 450, 500, 550, 600°C and bulk metal matrix composites Al-1%WC, Al-5%WC, Al-10%WC, Al-15%WC obtained at 600°C. Methods. Spark plasma sintering; X-ray diffractometry (XRD phase analysis); scanning electron microscopy; indentation (microhardness measurement). Results. The authors have obtained bulk composite metal matrix products with an aluminum matrix and tungsten carbide as a reinforcing component. Compacting mixtures of nanosized initial powders of aluminum and tungsten carbide using spark plasma sintering made it possible to obtain products with a WC content of 1 to 15 wt %. Taking into account the results of a preliminary series of experiments, when pure aluminum samples were sintered to determine the optimal sintering temperature, bulk composite materials were obtained. A distinctive feature of the obtained samples is their high degree of compaction, which is due to the simultaneous application of a heating current and external pressure, coupled with the relative preservation of the fine-grained structure of the material due to the short process time. The analysis of various sintering modes revealed the need to carry out sintering of composites at 600°C. The research has shown that, although adding a reinforcing phase to a metal matrix significantly reduces the degree of compaction of the material from 97.45% in the absence of an additive to 62.32% with the addition of 15%WC, an increase in the microhardness of products is observed when the concentration of the reinforcing component increases from 3.95 to 5.75 HV. This proves the possibility of reinforcing a metal material using ceramic WC particles. The results can be used in a variety of structural applications, including automotive and aerospace.

Optimizing the structural, thermal, gas sensing and electrical properties of in-situ polymerized poly(thiophene-co-indole)/silicon carbide nanocomposites for energy storage applications

Conducting copolymer nanocomposites of thiophene and indole incorporated with silicon carbide nanoparticles [poly (thiophene-co-indole-SiC) (PPSiC)] has been developed by in-situ copolymerization and these nanocomposites were characterized by different analytical techniques. The FTIR peak at 865 cm−1 signifies the successful incorporation of SiC nanoparticles in the copolymer matrix. The intensity of the UV-Vis absorbance of the copolymer nanocomposites increased with the nanoparticle concentrations, and PPSiC7 showed the highest intensity. This was in correlation with its low optical bandgap energy (3.032 eV) and high refractive index (2.388) value. XRD revealed the consistent positioning of sharp and distinct crystalline peaks of SiC in the copolymer. SEM revealed the effective dispersion of nanoparticles throughout the matrix and uniform dispersion was obtained for PPSiC7 nanocomposite. HR-TEM images validated the presence of spherical-shaped particles in the nanocomposite with the nano-size distribution of SiC. The surface roughness of the copolymer nanocomposite was evident from AFM analysis. TGA and DSC revealed that PPSiC nanocomposites have better thermal properties than the copolymer. AC conductivity increased with frequency and temperature. The PPSiC7 exhibits a maximum conductivity of 1.5×10−2 S/cm at 106 Hz and an activation energy of 0.064 eV. PPSiC nanocomposites demonstrated excellent results in degrading dye and detecting ammonia gas at ambient temperature. All analyses showed that the PPSiC7 nanocomposite exhibited superior properties than the copolymer. These admirable properties can be exploited in developing optoelectronic devices, energy storage devices and gas sensors.

Investigation of numerical phase transition of nano-enhanced SiC/paraffin wax PCM in solar-assisted water desalination system

Adding nanoparticles in phase change material (PCM) is a new trend for enhancing their thermal energy-storing ability as well as thermal conductivity. From this point of view, a numerical study is carried out to examine the addition of silicon carbide nanoparticles in paraffin wax PCM, used as heat energy storing material in a semi-cylindrical solar water desalination system. The PCM temperature is maintained at 52 °C and the semi-cylindrical tubular section has a wall temperature of 85 °C. The top plane section of the tubular solar collector is made up of graphite material. A semi-circular cross-section is selected for numerical analysis. A finite volume solver is used for solving thermal and fluid flow governing equations. A pressure staggering option algorithm is applied for pressure–velocity coupling. The temporal parameters like temperature, velocity contours, melting fraction, enthalpy, and entropy of nano silicon embedded paraffin wax PCM are widely discussed. The results clearly show that the phase transition of solid PCM to fluid PCM is greatly influenced by nanoparticle addition and enhances the rate of heat transfer. Initially for the first 60 min the melting fraction and temperature of PCM remain uniform as the time step increases above 60 min the behavior of PCM changes abruptly which clearly indicates the random distribution of nanoparticles within the PCM. A critical time and temperature limit exists for nanoparticles-based PCM beyond which, the thermal efficiency of the solar water desalination system gets influenced.

Semisolid stir processing of AZ91/TiO2 nanocomposite analysis with SiC exposure: behaviour measures

ABSTRACT This research affair to synthesize the magnesium alloy (AZ91) hybrid nanocomposites with 0.5wt% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and 2.5, 5, and 7.5wt% of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles through a semisolid stir cast route under argon (inert) nature and its particle distribution enhanced with uniform stir speed of 400rpm as well as the casting defects reduced by using nature of inert. The excellence of semisolid stir processing with SiC exposure on AZ91/TiO2 composite is analyzed with physical, surface morphological and mechanical exploits. Compared to aluminium-based composites, this composite weight is less, with an acceptable level of voids (less than 1.5%). An effort of processing, the microstructure proved their SiC and TiO2 appearance as uniform. The AZ91/0.5wt%TiO2/7.5wt% SiC exploited maximum hardness of (84±0.8HV), impact toughness of (16.3±0.3J/mm2), and excellent strength (251±5MPa) with reduced elongation percentages of (4.5%). This optimum property sample will be planned for automotive roof frame applications.

Modification and Development of the Structural, Morphological and Dielectric Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol Incorporated with Cerium Dioxide / Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles for Nanodielectric and Nanoelectronic Applications

Modification and Development of the Structural, Morphological and Dielectric Characteristics of Polyvinyl Alcohol Incorporated with Cerium Dioxide / Silicon Carbide Nanoparticles for Nanodielectric and Nanoelectronic Applications

Silicon carbide nanoparticles featured AZ63/BN alloy nanocomposite made by using liquid stir vacuum die cast: characteristics study

ABSTRACT With the unique class, the reinforcements play a precious role during the composite fabrication, expanding the specific properties. The novel research intensively enhances the micro-structural and mechanical behaviour of magnesium alloy (AZ63/3 wt% boron nitride) nanocomposite featured 2, 4, and 6 wt% of nano-size silicon carbide (SiC) particles via liquid state vacuum stir cast route. The exposure of SiC and BN on composite density, voids contribution, changes in AZ91D microstructure, impact toughness, hardness, and stress-strain individuality of AZ63 alloy nanocomposite is evaluated with ASTM policy. The composite composed with 3 wt% BN and 6 wt% SiC proved their identity. It showed the lower contribution of voids-free homogenous dispersion particle results in a maximum impact strength of 14.7J/mm2, hardness of 74HV, and superb tensile strength of 247MPa. This optimum behaviour will be recommended for automotive roof frame applications.

Evaluating structural strength and vibrational characteristics of silicon carbide incorporated adhesively bonded single lap joints

The adhesive bonding approach is widely used in assembling of spars, stringers, ailerons, flaps, and rudders in aircraft. The present research investigated the impact of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticle inclusion on the shear and free vibrational behaviour of adhesively bonded single lap joints (SLJ). The shear test results showed that the inclusion of 1.5 wt.% SiC in the epoxy resin enhanced the shear behaviour of adhesively bonded SLJ. Furthermore, the failure surfaces of adhesively bonded SiC-reinforced SLJ were examined using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The microstructural investigation of the failure surface demonstrated that the development of rougher surfaces, plastic void enlargement, and formation of shear bands in the joint region had improved adhesion among GFRP adherends. Thus, the SiC-incorporated adhesively bonded SLJ had predominant cohesive failures. Meanwhile, the SiC-free lap joint had an adhesive failure due to lower adhesion. The vibrational results avowed that 1.5 wt.% SiC-incorporated adhesively bonded SLJ has higher natural frequencies. Results also affirmed that higher wt.% SiC-incorporated joint had better modal damping values due to nanoparticle accumulation, which increased the interaction between glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) adherends.

Wet-chemistry synthesis of ultrasmall α-MoC1-x nanoparticles and rGO/α-MoC1-x composite and its evaluation as electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction

Ultrasmall molybdenum carbide α−MoC1−x nanoparticles (1.6 nm) and the hybrid material rGO/α−MoC1−x supported in reduced graphene oxide (rGO) were synthesized by a one-pot oleylamine-mediated route at low-temperature (613 K). They were evaluated as electrocatalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in the acid medium after surface cleaning with an ethanol-acetic acid solution. The electrocatalysts were also thermal treated (N2 flow, 773 K/30 min) and compared with untreated ones. Quite large HER activity was observed for the α−MoC1−x compared with the rGO/α−MoC1−x and rGO/α−MoC1−x−773. In addition, after cycling, all catalysts showed considerable performance improvement assigned to removing residual oleylamine molecules from the electrocatalyst’s surface. Compared to the unsupported sample, the lower catalytic activity in the supported materials was attributed to the ultrasmall carbide nanoparticles oxidation increases. The route is simple, with low costs and energy consumption, showing a high potential to develop efficient electrocatalysts for HER.

Fretting wear characteristics of Ti6Al4V/TiC nano composites using response surface method

This study explores the impact of titanium carbide (TiC) nanoparticles on the microstructure and fretting wear performance of Ti64-GV alloys. The Ti64 alloys, featuring varying TiC concentrations, were fabricated through spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. Fretting experiments followed a face-centered central composite design methodology, employing a second-order quadratic regression model to analyze wear volume loss and coefficient of friction (CoF). The findings revealed a notable reduction in wear volume loss and friction coefficient with increasing TiC content. The presence of TiC significantly enhanced the wear resistance of Nano-composites due to heightened hardness and oxidation wear resistance. Employing hybrid desirability-based response surface methodology (RSM) led to substantial improvements in wear characteristics (37% in CoF and 46% in wear volume loss). Microstructural analysis affirmed enhanced surface quality and textures using the RSM hybrid approach for predicting optimal process parameters.

Experimental Investigations in the Processing of AISI H11 Powder Blends Enriched with Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles for the Additive Manufacturing of Tailored Hot Working Tools in the Directed Energy Deposition (DED-LB/M)—Impact of Tungsten Carbide Nanoparticles on Microstructural and Mechanical Characteristics

In this study, the DED-LB/M process of AISI H11 tool steel powder blends modified by adding WC nanoparticles (WC-np) in concentrations of 1, 2.5 and 5 wt.-% was the object of scientific investigations. For this, 30-layer cuboid specimens were manufactured. The overall scientific aim was to examine how the WC-np interact with the steel melt and in the end, influence the processability, microstructure and mechanical properties of produced specimens. The examinations were carried out on both as-built and thermally post-processed specimens. An advanced microstructural analysis (SEM, EDS, EBSD and XRD) revealed that due to the high solubility of WC-np in the molten steel, most of the WC-np appear to have dissolved during the ongoing laser process. Furthermore, the WC-np favor a stronger distortion and finer grain size of martensite in the manufactured specimens. An increase in hardness from about 650 HV1 for the H11 specimen to 780 HV1 for the one manufactured using the powder blend containing 5 wt.-% of WC-np was observed in as-built conditions. In the same way, the compression yield strength enhanced from 1839 MPA to 2188 MPA. The hardness and strength increasing effect of WC-np remained unchanged even after heat treatments similar to those used in industry.