Car Wheel Research Articles

Implementasi Kebijakan Anti-Dumping Oleh Uni Eropa Terhadap Impor Velg Mobil Asal Tiongkok

The steel industry plays an important role in the EU’s (European Union) economy. Its main product is car steel road wheels (velg), which are an important component for the automotive industry. Many imported Chinese car steel road wheels have harmed and disadvantaged domestic producers and manufacturers. This is caused by the dumping practice that China applies to its car and steel road wheel products. In fact, China's dumping practice has also been repeatedly implemented for a variety of products that are exported to the EU market. For that reason, the EU took firm action by implementing an anti-dumping policy on imports of Chinese car steel road wheels. This research aims to describe the anti-dumping policy, its implementation objectives, and its impacts. This research uses the pay-off structure theory of multilateral strategy to explore the idea of cooperation under anarchy, which is derived from the neoliberalism-institutionalism concept. This study also uses a qualitative narrative analysis method by including a research question, namely, "How is the implementation of the anti-dumping policy by the EU on the import of China’s car steel road wheels?" The implementation of the EU’s anti-dumping policy on China’s car steel road wheels has several goals. The first was the EU's firm action against China's repeated dumping practices. Second, as a safeguard for the steel industry, particularly local steel road wheel manufacturers. Third, as a form of regional cohesiveness in order to face any economic injuries. Keywords: European Union, Car Wheel Steel (Velg), China, Dumping, Anti-Dumping Policy

Design of hydraulic pneumatic control system for rail grinding car

This paper comprehensively uses the knowledge of mechatronics, mechanical structure, etc. The grinding wheel and cradle frame of the rail grinding car is studied and designed. The grinding wheel is controlled by a pneumatic servo, and the cradle frame is controlled by a hydraulic system. According to the accuracy requirements of the rail grinding car, the pneumatic servo schematic diagram of the grinding wheel to achieve precise grinding, the schematic diagram of the hydraulic control system in which the cradle frame can turn accurately, the AMESim software working interface model is established, the actual working parameters of the system components are set. After the hydraulic profiling system is designed, simulation, test, and analysis are carried out.

RANCANG BANGUN SISTEM INFORMASI E-CRM UNTUK SISTEM PENJUALAN BAN PADA SURYA JAYA BAN MOBIL JAMBI

Surya Jaya Ban Jambi is one of the companies engaged in the sale of car tires and wheels as well as providing services for customers. This study aims to design an E-CRM system to improve service quality, describe the implementation of E- CRM, understand customer service procedures, and determine service quality through E-CRM at Surya Jaya Ban Jambi. This research has resulted in a tire sales information system at Surya Jaya Ban Mobil Jambi which has 2 actors, namely This sales information system has made it easier for customers to place orders, register services and make it easier for customers to place orders again.

Experience of operation of the UDP-2001SM railway wheelset bearing vibration diagnostics installation and the OMSD-02 mechanism diagnostics system

The Aim of the paper is to compare the UDP-2001SM installation for vibration diagnostics of bearings of freight, refrigerator and passenger car wheels and the OMSD-02 mechanism diagnostics system that since recently has been used in the Belarusian Railway.Methods. By way of analysis of the UDP-2001SM vibration diagnostics installation and the OMSD-02 mechanism diagnostics system, the authors considered the list of identifiable defects, method for defining threshold values (reference levels) of vibroacoustic pulses and noises for the criteria of “faulty” and “good”, statistical data for rejected axleboxes of freight and passenger car wheelsets in respect to the overall number of conducted measurements, the experience of operation in various car shops of the Belarusian Railway. Results. The paper describes the process of vibration diagnostics of wheelset bearings of freight and passenger cars using the case of stationary acquisition of vibroacoustic signals from acoustic plates that interact with the diagnosed axlebox. The authors present the diagrams of the UDP-2001SM installation and OMSD-02 system, as well as the defects of bearings that are to be identified using the above diagnostics equipment. Conclusion. The paper showed the advantages and disadvantages of the above diagnostics systems based on the experience of their application in a number of car shops of the Belarusian Railway.

Modelling the Interaction between a Laterally Deflected Car Tyre and a Road Surface

The interaction between a deflected car tyre and a road surface was modelled under normal and overloaded conditions. The model incorporates the detailed geometry of the car wheel, including a metallic rim reinforcement, a hyper-elastic composite tyre and tyre treads, as well as the geometry of the road surface. The finite element method was used to investigate the nonlinear dynamics of the model and study the influence of tyre deflection on the friction coefficient of the tyre tread. The results were compared under different internal tyre pressures and external wheel loads, including underloaded, normal and overloaded states. The skewness of the distribution of friction coefficients was calculated under these different conditions. The results show that overloading and nonoptimal internal tyre pressure cause reduced and skewed friction, with the asymmetry in the tyre–road contact zone resulting in a moving instability of the car during braking.

An Intelligent Online Drunk Driving Detection System Based on Multi-Sensor Fusion Technology.

Since drunk driving poses a significant threat to road traffic safety, there is an increasing demand for the performance and dependability of online drunk driving detection devices for automobiles. However, the majority of current detection devices only contain a single sensor, resulting in a low degree of detection accuracy, erroneous judgments, and car locking. In order to solve the problem, this study firstly designed a sensor array based on the gas diffusion model and the characteristics of a car steering wheel. Secondly, the data fusion algorithm is proposed according to the data characteristics of the sensor array on the steering wheel. The support matrix is used to improve the data consistency of the single sensor data, and then the adaptive weighted fusion algorithm is used for multiple sensors. Finally, in order to verify the reliability of the system, an online intelligent detection device for drunk driving based on multi-sensor fusion was developed, and three people using different combinations of drunk driving simulation experiments were conducted. According to the test results, a drunk person in the passenger seat will not cause the system to make a drunk driving determination. When more than 50 mL of alcohol is consumed and the driver is seated in the driver's seat, the online intelligent detection of drunk driving can accurately identify drunk driving, and the car will lock itself as soon as a real-time online voice prompt is heard. This study enhances and complements theories relating to data fusion for online automobile drunk driving detection, allowing for the online identification of drivers who have been drinking and the locking of their vehicles to prevent drunk driving. It provides technical support for enhancing the accuracy of online systems that detect drunk driving in automobiles.

DESIGN AND TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION ON CAR WHEEL RIM USING FEA

Since their beginnings, automotive wheels have evolved over decades. Wood and stone were used to make the antique wheel rims. The wheel rim, as an essential and crucial portion of the vehicle, was concentrated on with excessive effort as research and development blossomed throughout the industrial revolution. The study is primarily concerned with improving and optimizing the mass of a car's wheel rim. The primary goal is to reduce the weight of the wheel in order to improve the vehicle's overall performance and economy. Cast iron is the material assigned to the basic model. Following design optimization, the rim is subjected to material optimization, which involves assigning several competitive materials to the optimized design and analyzing and observing them under the identical boundary circumstances. Solid Works is used to solid model the underlying model and redesign it. Solid works software is used to do simulations for static analysis and topology optimization.

StyleFusion: Disentangling Spatial Segments in StyleGAN-Generated Images

We present StyleFusion , a new mapping architecture for StyleGAN, which takes as input a number of latent codes and fuses them into a single style code. Inserting the resulting style code into a pre-trained StyleGAN generator results in a single harmonized image in which each semantic region is controlled by one of the input latent codes. Effectively, StyleFusion yields a disentangled representation of the image, providing fine-grained control over each region of the generated image. Moreover, to help facilitate global control over the generated image, a special input latent code is incorporated into the fused representation. StyleFusion operates in a hierarchical manner, where each level is tasked with learning to disentangle a pair of image regions (e.g., the car body and wheels). The resulting learned disentanglement allows one to modify both local, fine-grained semantics (e.g., facial features) as well as more global features (e.g., pose and background), providing improved flexibility in the synthesis process. As a natural extension, StyleFusion allows one to perform semantically-aware cross-image mixing of regions that are not necessarily aligned. Finally, we demonstrate how StyleFusion can be paired with existing editing techniques to more faithfully constrain the edit to the user’s region of interest. Code is available at: https://github.com/OmerKafri/StyleFusion .

Balances of energy, power, moments and forces during wheel rolling in driven, neutral and braking modes based on linear and angular movements of tire and wheel points

The method of drawing up the equations of energy, power and power balances of an automobile wheel when rolling in driven, neutral and braking modes is given. It is based on the analytical relationship of linear and angular movements of individual points of the contact pad of the tire treadmill and the wheel axis. A numerical example shows a graphical representation of the energy balance components for a wheel with a cargo tire 11.0-R20 Pirelli. Based on the results of calculations using the initial numerical data on the load and geometric parameters of the tire, a rational range of values of the wheel slip coefficient during rolling in braking mode in the range of 0.029—0.15 is established. The refined method of drawing up wheel balances can find practical application in optimizing the braking modes of automobile wheels in various road conditions. Keywords: wheel, tire, rolling, mode, energy, power, moment, force, balance, displacement, friction, sliding, coefficient

Climate Change Vulnerability Assessment in Mangrove-Dependent Communities of Manoka Island, Littoral Region of Cameroon.

This study was conducted on Manoka Island (Littoral Region of Cameroon) with the aim of analyzing climate change vulnerability and local adaptation strategies based on the local community's perceptions and biophysical evidence. We used household surveys, focus group discussions, field observation, GIS, and remote sensing to collect data on variables of exposure, sensitivity, and adaptive capacity. Historical changes in rainfall and temperature, mangrove cover, and the occurrence of extreme climatic events were used as indicators of exposure. Property losses and income structure were used as indicators of sensitivity, while human, natural, social, financial, and physical assets represented adaptive capacity. 89 households were interviewed in the nine settlements of the island. Results show that Manoka Island is experiencing irregular rainfall patterns (with average annual values deviating from the mean by −1.9 to +1.8 mm) and increasing temperature (with annual values deviating from the mean by −1.2 to +3.12). The dynamics of the coastline between 1975 and 2017 using EPR show average setbacks of more than ±3 m/year, with erosion levels varying depending on the period and location. The number of households perceiving extreme climatic events like seasonal variability, flood, and rain storm was higher. From respondents' perception, housing and health are the sectors most affected by climate change. The reported high dependence of households on fishing for income, their overall low livelihood diversification, and their poor access to climate information reported by 65% of respondents portray their poor adaptive capacity. Local response initiatives are ineffective and include among others constructing buildings on stilts and using car wheels to counter the advancement of seawater inland. The study concludes that households on Manoka Island are vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. Income diversification, mangrove reforestation, the development of sustainable supply chains for wood fuel, and sustainable fish smoking devices are the main pathways for adaptation planning in this area.

ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ТЕОРІЇ ПОДОЛАННЯ РУХЛИВОЇ ПЕРЕШКОДИ ВІЙСЬКОВИМ АВТОМОБІЛЕМ

The working process of the car is accompanied by the loading of the wheel drive by gravitational force, which leads to compression and stretching of the tire during its deformation, as well as hitting various obstacles and moving through them. The article considers the study of the mechanical system "car" using the theorem on the change of kinetic energy of this system, the general equation of dynamics. The aim of the study is to improve the technological scheme of loading the wheel drive when moving the movable support, converting the energy supplied to the wheel drive into controlled relative to the obstacle movement with the addition of traction of the car with transmission force, which is an auxiliary factor to innovative technology. The scientific and practical direction of work is that for the first time the technology is considered in which the law of change of mechanical energy is applied when rotating the wheel drive on a moving obstacle, and this allows a more appropriate approach to the implementation of torque on the wheel drive. The methodology of the study was to establish a mathematical relationship between the speed of the car wheel from the moving obstacle and the parameter of the obstacle it creates, as well as the dynamic mobility of the car itself. The result of the study is the development of elements of the theory of overcoming a moving obstacle that works with "physical discomfort of the support surface." In disclosing the concept of "physical discomfort of the support surface" differential equations were used, which mathematically confirm the overcoming of such an obstacle and such a support surface in certain operating conditions of the car. The value of the study, the results of this work will contribute to the automotive industry. The proposed car model is suitable for use in order to increase the ability to overcome obstacles by vehicles. Keywords: physical-mathematical model, force, reaction, wheel, moving obstacle.

ЕЛЕМЕНТИ ТЕОРІЇ АВТОМОБІЛЯ З КІНЕМАТИЧНОЮ ПІДТРИМКОЮ

The working process of rolling the wheel drive is accompanied by loading the wheel drive by gravity, which leads to compression and stretching of the tire during its deformation. The article considers the study of the mechanical system «automobile wheel-moving dynamic weight», using the theorem on the change of the kinetic moment of the system. The aim of the study is to improve the design and technological scheme of rolling the wheel drive, converting the energy supplied to the wheel drive into rotational motion of the wheel drive loaded with moving dynamic weight, which is an auxiliary factor to this technology. The scientific and practical significance of the work is that for the first time the proposed technology in which the rotation of the wheel drive introduced a share of rotational energy of the mechanical system «car wheel-moving dynamic weight», which allows the car to accelerate constantly by balancing its inertia and significantly increase the traction of the wheel drive. The main task of the developed elements of the theory is the calculation and arrangement of the unit to the wheel drive of a given vehicle (military) and the compilation of its drawings. The methodology of the study was to establish a constructive relationship between the force created by the «automotive wheel-moving dynamic weight», with the additional path that passes the car wheel. The result is a developed design and technological scheme of the wheel drive in the cycle of damping «automotive wheel-moving dynamic weight» balance between the gravitational force of the gravitational component and the force of its inertia. The value of the study, the results of this work will contribute to the automotive industry. A model for increasing the traction capacity of the vehicle is proposed. Keywords: propeller movement, force, gravity, hub, wheel, moving dynamic weight.

НЕВИЯВЛЕНІ ТЕОРЕТИЧНІ МОЖЛИВОСТІ ПОДОЛАННЯ ОПОРУ КОЧЕННЯ КОЛІСНОГО РУШІЯ ВІЙСЬКОВИМ АВТОМОБІЛЕМ

The purpose of the study is to improve the technological scheme of the internal load of the wheel drive of the car when it is loaded with additional peripheral torque, the transformation of the energy supplied to the technological wheel of the wheel drive into a rotational movement controlled relative to the hub with the addition of the rotational movement of the car wheel to the rotational movement of the technological wheel of the car, which is an auxiliary factor to innovative technology of its movement. The scientific and practical direction of the work consists in the fact that for the first time the considered technology in which, during the rotation of the wheel drive, it is loaded with an additional peripheral torque, the law of change of mechanical energy is applied, and this makes it more expedient to approach the consideration of the influence of the peripheral torque on increasing the angular speed of the wheel drive . The research methodology was to establish a mathematical relationship between the rolling speed of the wheel drive and the peripheral torque. The result of the study is the identification of the undiscovered possibilities of the working process of the wheel drive when it is loaded with a peripheral torque and thereby create prospects for increasing the efficiency of the wheel drive. When revealing the concept of the undisclosed load possibilities of the wheel drive, the theorem of the increase of the vector of the kinetic moment of the system with respect to the fixed center for a finite time is equal to the momentum of the moments of external forces with respect to the same center for the same timе, which mathematically confirms the influence of the peripheral moment on the improvement of the quality of the work process, which is created by the wheel drive in certain conditions of operation of the car. Keywords: physical-mathematical model, force, reaction, wheel, moment, wheel drive.

Shape optimization method for wheel rim of automobile wheels based on load path analysis

The wheel rim is an annular and thin-walled structure with complex structural features and working conditions. Guaranteeing its safety and lightweight are two major concerns in wheel rim design. In this study, a shape optimization method based on load path analysis is proposed to evaluate and optimize the structure of the wheel rim. The load-transfer law of the wheel rim is identified based on the load path visualization. Two design criteria are put forward to evaluate the load-bearing performance and give the improvement suggestions. Then, the shape optimization problem is simplified to a parameter optimization problem, and the optimal size combination performance-oriented is obtained using the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm II (NSGA-II). As a case study, a wheel rim is redesigned and the optimization result shows that the stiffness and strength are improved under bending and radial fatigue simulation, while the weight is reduced by 3.78%. Two stages of experimental studies are carried out to verify the optimization method. The static pressure test shows that the bending resistance performance of the wheel rim is improved by 4.57%, and the load transfer is more uniform. The radial impact test shows that the impact deformation at a high energy level is reduced by 13.77%, indicating that the impact resistance performance is significantly improved.

Applying machine learning and GA for process parameter optimization in car steering wheel manufacturing

Applying machine learning and GA for process parameter optimization in car steering wheel manufacturing

Erratum: "Working characteristics of a magnetostrictive vibration energy harvester for rotating car wheels" [Rev. Sci. Instrum. 93, 055001 (2022)

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The Konfigurasi Sistem Database Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Berbasis Open Source Berdasarkan Material Requirement Planning (MRP)

Cahaya Citra Alumindo is a company engaged in manufacturing. In planning raw materials, there are several problems that occur, namely production planning is still limited in its calculations because there is no structured recording available. In addition, the flow of document information in each division is still done manually, so that it can hamper the company's business processes. From the results of the study, the total net weight of car wheel products based on waste calculations was 23,150.35 kg, from the calculation of reorder points and safety stock, it was found that the raw material requirements for a 3 month period were 20,852.35kg with a lead time of 7 days, and the lowest inventory cost. low with the lot for lot method of Rp. 836,140,000. While the results of enterprise resource planning, from the validation results, the System Usability Scale (SUS) test obtained a value of 26.67 which included Acceptable, in the Grade Scale it got a value of C and Adjective. The rating gets Good, the result of the user experience of the Odoo ERP system has a User Friendly UX.

Research on optimal parking trajectory based on parking planning model

This paper mainly deals with the planning problem of unmanned vehicle parking path in parking lot. For each different parking problem and different parking constraints, a suitable parking model is established in this paper. First of all, the Akman turned to the geometric model, and the original four -wheel car model was equivalent to a two -wheeled bicycle model, so that the two different corners of the front wheels were equivalent to a corner 6.462m. In the solution to the shortest distance, this article first establishes the shortest distance model of accelerating to the same maximum speed under any condition. The shortest distance required to solve the maximum limit of 20km/h is 5.561m. Lately, the vehicle motion equation model was established, and the change rate of the maximum curvature relative path length was 1.140m-2. Aiming at problem 2: First, the turning process in parking is analyzed, and the minimum turning radius when the control point is located at the axisymmetric center of the rear wheel is recalculated to be 4.974m, which is used in the subsequent parking path planning. Finally, using the above analysis of the motion situation of the unmanned vehicle and the planning of the parking trajectory, the parking trajectory in each case and the relationship between the changes of each physical quantity over time are given.

Analysis of the risk of skidding when driving an operated section of roadway in a snow roll

One of the main means of increasing the cross-country ability of trucks should be considered to increase the coupling properties of their driving wheels with these surfaces, which can be implemented by special means that ensure the cross-country ability of the car in such conditions. Therefore, it is important to study the process of eliminating the slipping of a car wheel on an icy surface using a friction material. The article uses a mathematical model of I. M. Rabinovich to solve the problem of car wheel skidding and ensure the wheel’s adhesion to the icy road surface for different forms of the added layer of friction material. A device for adding coarse-grained friction material has been developed, which is installed on the machine’s subframe or on the chassis with the possibility of manual and automatic control for feeding abrasive material. Keywords: vehicle, device, coefficient of adhesion slip coefficient, sandblaster, stability, pneumatic wheel excavator, chassis, road surface, snow and ice formation

A study of the time-resolved structure of the vortices shed into the wake of an isolated F1 car wheel

A study of the time-resolved structure of the vortices shed into the wake of an isolated F1 car wheel