Car System Research Articles

Successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation in healthy horses using 3D electro-anatomical mapping and a contact force-guided ablation system.

Recently, treatment of equine atrial tachycardia by three-dimensional electro-anatomical mapping (3D EAM) and radiofrequency catheter ablation (RFCA) has been described. Myocardial sleeves in the caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins are a potential trigger for initiation and perpetuation of atrial tachycardia and atrial fibrillation in the horse. Isolation of these myocardial sleeves by RFCA may be an effective treatment for these arrhythmias. To describe the feasibility of 3D EAM and RFCA to isolate caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins in adult horses using 3D mapping and a contact force (CF)-guided ablation system. In vivo experiments. 3D EAM and RFCA was performed in five horses without cardiovascular disease under general anaesthesia, using the CF-guided system CARTO®3. Point-by-point RFCA aimed for isolation of caudal vena cava and pulmonary veins. Radiofrequency energy was delivered in power-controlled mode with a target power of 45 W, CF between 10 and 15 g and 30 mL/min irrigation rate, until an ablation-index of 450-500 was reached. In the right atrium, myocardial sleeves of the caudal vena cava were isolated (n = 5). In the left atrium, isolation of ostium II (n = 3), ostium III (n = 1) and ostium I, II and III en bloc (n = 1) was performed. Successful isolation was confirmed by entrance and exit block. Horses were euthanised at the end of the procedure, so long term effects such as potential reconnection of isolated veins could not be studied. This is the first description of 3D EAM and RFCA with CARTO®3 in horses, thereby showing the technical feasibility and successful caudal vena cava and pulmonary vein isolation. CF measurement allowed monitoring of catheter-tissue contact, resulting in efficient acute lesion creation as confirmed by entrance and exit block. This is a promising treatment for cardiac arrhythmias in horses.

Transient response feedback control for horizontal vibration of high-speed elevator car with prescribed performance

The high-speed elevator car is subject to violent horizontal vibration due to the wind pressure generated by the ventilation hole of the elevator rapid operation, improper adjustment of the gap and steps at the joint of the elevator car guide rail, pitting corrosion or wear on the guide surface of the guide shoe, inadequate installation and adjustment of the guide shoe or guide rail and so on. Aiming at the problems of poor transient convergence and real-time performance, low control accuracy and stability of the existing active control algorithm for the horizontal vibration control variables of the elevator car system, a transient response feedback control strategy with specified performance is proposed in this paper. Firstly, a six degree of freedom elevator car system model is established, and the state space equation is constructed based on the linear fractional transformation algorithm; Secondly, a class of preset transient performance function is introduced to construct the convergence boundary in advance to ensure that the system control variables are strictly constrained within this boundary, and the stability of the transformed variables is ensured by equivalent transformation; Finally, four different control methods including passive control, H2/H∞ control, PID control and transient response feedback control proposed in this paper are compared and analyzed by using MATLAB under two typical guideway excitation. The simulation results show that the proposed transient response feedback control strategy reduces the root mean square value and maximum value of the horizontal displacement acceleration of the elevator car system by more than 81%, effectively suppresses the horizontal vibration of the elevator car, and ensures the transient and steady-state performance of the elevator car system.

Car Rental Management System

A car rental or car hire agency is a company that rents automobiles for short Period of time for a fee whether in a few hours or a few days or week. It is an elaborate form of a rental shop, which have number of cars for rent purpose. user can select car and book for rent. We have developed this project to book a car on rent at the fare charges. In present system all booking work done manually and it takes very hard work to maintain the information of booking and cars. If you want to find which vehicle is available for booking then it takes a lot of time. It only makes the process more difficult and harder. The aim of the project is to automate the work performed in the car rental management system like generating daily bookings, records of car or cab available for booking, record of routes available, rental charges for cars for every route, store record of the customer

Entropy generation in a ciliary flow of an Eyring-Powell ternary hybrid nanofluid through a channel with electroosmosis and mixed convection.

Drug delivery systems, where the nanofluid flow with electroosmosis and mixed convection can help in efficient and targeted drug delivery to specific cells or organs, could benefit from understanding the behavior of nanofluids in biological systems. In current work, authors have studied the theoretical model of two-dimensional ciliary flow of blood-based (Eyring-Powell) nanofluid model with the insertion of ternary hybrid nanoparticles along with the effects of electroosmosis, magnetohydrodynamics, thermal radiations, and mixed convection. Moreover, the features of entropy generation are also taken into consideration. The system is modeled in a wave frame with the approximations of large wave number and neglecting turbulence effects. The problem is solved numerically by using the shooting method with the assistance of computational software "Mathematica" for solving the governing equation. According to the temperature curves, the temperature will increase as the Hartman number, fluid factor, ohmic heating, and cilia length increase. It is also disclosed that ternary hybrid nanoparticles result in a change in flow rate when other problem parameters are varied, and the same is true for temperature graphs. Engineers and scientists can make better use of nanofluid-based cooling systems in electronics, automobiles, and industrial processes with the aid of the study's findings.

Research on Optimal Fast Terminal Sliding Mode Control of Horizontal Vibration of High-speed Elevator Car System

An optimal fast terminal sliding mode control strategy is proposed to suppress effectively the horizontal vibration of the high-speed elevator car system is caused by uncertainties such as rail unevenness, elevator load variation, and component friction and wear. Firstly, considering the elevator's composition structure and vibration characteristics, a 4-degree-of-freedom car system horizontal vibration active control model with a symmetric distribution of the control center is established. Secondly, considering the nonlinear factors of the rolling guide shoe and the external excitation, an optimal fast terminal sliding mode controller (PFTSMC) based on the sliding mode variable structure control is designed to eliminate the horizontal vibration of the car, define the nonsingular terminal sliding mode surface, and introduce the fast terminal convergence law based on the fast terminal attractor to ensure the accessibility of the sliding mode motion and reduce the jitter vibration. In addition, optimization of controller parameters using random weight particle swarm algorithm (RNW-PSO) to improve the controller's vibration suppression performance and robustness. Finally, the proposed controller can achieve more than 51.2% attenuation of horizontal vibration acceleration and displacement, showing that PFTSMC can effectively reduce the horizontal vibration of high-speed elevator car systems and improve ride comfort.

Finding a generic fixed brake force distribution through optimizing hydraulic brake system parameters to prevent wheel lock

Purpose The paper aims to identify a suitable generic brake force distribution ratio (β) corresponding to optimal brake design attributes in a diminutive driving range, where road conditions do not exhibit excessive variations. This will intend for an appropriate allocation of brake force distribution (BFD) to provide dynamic stability to the vehicle during braking. Design/methodology/approach Two techniques are presented (with and without wheel slip) to satisfy both brake stability and performance while accommodating variations in load sharing and road friction coefficient. Based on parametric optimization of the design variables of hydraulic brake using evolutionary algorithm, taking into account both the laden and unladen circumstances simultaneously, this research develops an improved model for computing and simulating the BFD applied to commercial and passenger vehicles. Findings The optimal parameter values defining the braking system have been identified, resulting in effective β = 0.695 which enhances the brake forces at respective axles. Nominal slip of 3.42% is achieved with maximum deceleration of 5.72 m/s2 maintaining directional stability during braking. The results obtained from both the methodologies are juxtaposed and assessed governing the vehicle stability in straight line motion to prevent wheel lock. Originality/value Optimization results establish the practicality, efficacy and applicability of the proposed approaches. The findings provide valuable insights for the design and optimization of hydraulic drum brake systems in modern automobiles, which can lead to safer and more efficient braking systems.

Automatic dining car system based on A* algorithm

To solve the problem of selling dining and getting the most profit in a certain time by two devices, this project is divided into two parts, one is the detection and the other is route planning, these two parts are combined to find the nearest suitable selling position and plan the optimal path from the current position to that point. Firstly, achieve the function of detecting the center points of the densely populated areas based on the work of tracing the areas contours and the center point of the object by OpenCV, then select the nearest point. Then find out whether the point is on the road, if yes, the point will be the endpoint, if not, use BFS (Breadth-first search) to find the nearest point of the selected point which is on the road. Finally, use the A* algorithm to plan an optimal route between the current position of the car and the endpoint. Furthermore, the heuristic function is used to optimize the algorithm to achieve maximum profit.

Simulation model of a vehicle in the Simulink environment for determining fuel consumption in driving cycles

BACKGROUND: The paper shows that the problem of determining objective indicators of fuel consumption in operation based on calculation methods remains relevant. One of these methods is simulation modeling. Current state of computer technology significantly simplifies building of system simulation models, for example, using the Simulink software by Mathworks. In the process of model development, it is necessary to keep the balance of generalization and detailing, since excessive detailing leads to an unreasonably deep consideration of individual elements of the system and to a significant increase in simulation time.
 AIMS: Search for a reasonable structure of model of the driver car environment system, which makes it possible to simulate the car in driving cycles or other driving scenarios.
 METHODS: The MATLAB/Simulink simulation environment was used in the study. Based on the analysis of the car design and the capabilities of individual Simulink tools, a block diagram to study fuel consumption using the example of a passenger vehicle was synthesized. The obtained model was debugged for the stable motion simulation of the vehicle in various driving cycles using graphical analysis.
 RESULTS: The obtained results show that the developed system simulation model is well behaved. Control systems ensure the vehicle motion according to the mixed driving cycle modes in compliance with the required tolerances. It is possible to register fuel consumption and other simulation results of interest.
 CONCLUSIONS: The model showed the relative simplicity of setting up and the ability of quick update for other vehicles. A minimal amount of vehicle data is required to bring the model to an operable condition. Particular unknown parameters are supposed to be refined using identification methods.

Digital measurement of hands-on performance? Ecological validation of a computer-based assessment of automotive repair skills

We investigated the ecological validity of performance measures from a computer-based assessment tool that utilises scripted video vignettes. The intended purpose of this tool is to assess the maintenance and repair skills of automotive technician apprentices, complementing traditional hands-on assessment formats from the German journeymen’s exams. We hypothesise that the ability to correctly judge repair actions shown in videos is a good predictor of the ability to perform corresponding actions in hands-on scenarios. Apprentices in the third year of vocational training carried out repairs on real cars or car systems, while experts rated their performance. After this, they worked on our computer-based tests, which utilise videos of very similar repairs. The correlation between video judgement and hands-on performance was lower than expected for most repair actions as well as for overall scores, indicating insufficient ecological validity of the test score interpretations. However, the findings are promising for developing future tests, as the results for some repair actions indicate it is generally possible to develop ecologically valid video-based items focusing on hands-on skills. We discuss the results in the light of a validation framework that combines validity evidence from different sources for the same assessment tool. Finally, we hope our findings contribute to a broader discussion about the psychometric quality of exams.

A Method for the Determination of Balance Coefficient and Elevator Braking Torque in a Tower Parking Car System

Multistory car parking systems are a solution that brings many benefits, especially in urban areas as the number of cars increases. This study investigated the elevator of a multistory car parking system to determine the balance coefficient to reduce driving power and the influence on braking torque. The parameters were calculated based on the establishment of a planning matrix and using the calculation tools and the Taguchi method in the Minitab software. A formula was developed to calculate the braking torque of an elevator, considering the coefficient of the balancing system to ensure optimal driving power. The balance coefficient and the necessary braking torque were determined and the power was reduced by 17.5% while the braking torque was increased by 13.4% compared to the conventional method.

THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN IMPROVING TRANSPORT SAFETY: VEHICLE AND INFRASTRUCTURE SAFETY SYSTEMS

The growing number of traffic accidents and road deaths make traffic safety one of the most urgent problems of our time. Technological advancements in road transport and road infrastructure create a powerful potential for mitigating the risk of road accidents and ultimately saving lives. This study aims to analyse and evaluate the impact of technology on improving transportation safety with a focus on vehicle and infrastructure safety systems. The object of research is technologies aimed at preventing road accidents and reducing their consequences, while the subject of research is the role of these technologies in traffic safety. To achieve the goal, we used the following methods in this study. An analysis of domestic and foreign scientific sources was carried out, which made it possible to assess the state of modern research in the field of transport safety and identify the most significant aspects of the technologies usage to reduce the risk of road accidents. Active participation in scientific discussions and exchange of views with leading scientists in this field allowed us to gain additional insights and evaluate the current state of research in transport safety. The study encompassed several tasks, including analysing and assessing modern car safety technologies. The research analysed the impact of existing car safety technologies on traffic accident statistics, outlining their advantages and disadvantages. Additionally, the article explored the role of infrastructure, including intelligent traffic management and communication technologies, in enhancing overall traffic safety. We identified challenges, such as privacy and cyber security, related to the application of technology in transport security and outlined prospects for further development of this industry. The article highlights the importance of using technology to improve traffic safety. The findings allow us to determine that the development of car safety systems and infrastructure has the potential to reduce road accidents substantially. The recommendations from the study emphasise the need for further research in cyber security and standardisation of technologies to ensure their secure integration on roads. This approach to the technology implementation can help diminish the risk of road accidents and preserve human lives. Keywords: technologies, transport safety, transport technologies, cars, transport infrastructure.

Autonomous Traffic Sign Detection for Self-Driving Car System Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm

Autonomous Traffic Sign Detection for Self-Driving Car System Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm

Evolving Domain Generalization Via Latent Structure-Aware Sequential Autoencoder.

Domain generalization (DG) refers to the problem of generalizing machine learning systems to out-of-distribution (OOD) data with knowledge learned from several provided source domains. Most prior works confine themselves to stationary and discrete environments to tackle such generalization issue arising from OOD data. However, in practice, many tasks in non-stationary environments (e.g.,autonomous-driving car system, sensor measurement) involve more complex and continuously evolving domain drift, emerging new challenges for model deployment. In this paper, we firstly formulate this setting as the problem of evolving domain generalization. To deal with the continuously changing domains, we propose MMD-LSAE, a novel framework that learns to capture the evolving patterns among domains for better generalization. Specifically, MMD-LSAE characterizes OOD data in non-stationary environments with two types of distribution shifts: covariate shift and concept shift, and employs deep autoencoder modules to infer their dynamics in latent space separately. In these modules, the inferred posterior distributions of latent codes are optimized to align with their corresponding prior distributions via minimizing maximum mean discrepancy (MMD). We theoretically verify that MMD-LSAE has the inherent capability to implicitly facilitate mutual information maximization, which can promote superior representation learning and improved generalization of the model. Furthermore, the experimental results on both synthetic and real-world datasets show that our proposed approach can consistently achieve favorable performance based on the evolving domain generalization setting.

Guidelines for elevator design to mitigate the risk of spread of airborne diseases

Airborne viral transmission in confined spaces, such as elevators, could lead to the spread of diseases such as COVID-19. A quantitative study of viral transmission in enclosed spaces, with a focus on assessing the efficacy of the present ventilation methods is hard to find. Additionally, there is a lack of guidelines for viral dispersion. The non-availability of such information reduces overall effectiveness in controlling the spread of the virus. A properly designed ventilation system for the elevator car will benefit in both pandemic situations as well as non-pandemic situations, especially for people using hospital elevators. For better control of the airborne viral transmission spread, it is essential to study the airflow in elevator cars. Exposure to high-emitter coughing for one minute by a SARS-CoV-2-infected person in an elevator can increase the risk of the virus reaching the lungs by generating a viral load that may remain airborne for a long time. There is little that has been considered for lessening the anticipated viral load in the elevator car. In this paper, we use a two-step approach. The first step is the risk assessment, and the second is risk mitigation. The risk is assessed by computing the probable viral load a healthy passenger will be subjected to during the typical travel in an elevator car contaminated by the ride of an infectious person. It is seen that the ventilation provided as per the minimum permissible requirements by various international codes is inadequate to maintain the viral load in the elevator car below the risky levels. To come up with the risk mitigation strategies, the required ventilation in the car was computed using a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. Further, mathematical models are developed to enable quick calculations during the design of the elevator car ventilation system. Our CFD study shows that in the case of a 20-passenger capacity elevator car, with doors open, a 2000 Cubic Feet per Minute (CFM) airflow will disperse most of the viral load in less than one minute. In this paper, we give easy-to-follow design guidelines, and mathematical models to enable quick calculations during the design of the elevator car ventilation system. This study is useful for practicing engineers to achieve effective ventilation of the elevator car to curtail the spread of viral transmission.

Study on flying car transportation system

With the rapid growth of population in large cities, traditional transportation modes like buses, private cars, and subways have formed a more serious traffic congestion or crowded situation. In order to solve this problem, engineers and researchers start to shift the research on the future development of transportation systems to the near-ground space (NGS). The flying car transportation system (FCTS) has become one of the major research projects. The concept of FCTS introduces a new dimension to transportation, utilizing unoccupied near-ground spaces to redefine the way both individuals and goods move within cities. FCTS, using flying cars as the main transportation means, has good development prospects. This article analyzes various aspects of FCTS in detail. The design of FCTS is introduced. The related technologies are summarized. The challenges of the future development of FCTS are also discussed. This article may offer a reference for the development of FCTS.

Noise contribution analysis of road noise with transfer path analysis based on neural network in the box car system

This paper introduces a new approach for transfer path analysis (TPA) combined with neural network technique. For the TPA experiment, the box car model consisting of active and passive systems were manufactured, and road noise simulation experiment were conducted through shaker excitation at various locations. Time domain data was measured and converted into a large amount of complex-valued frequency domain data according to the acquisition block for training the neural network model. The number of layers and nodes of the model were determined by considering the physical characteristics of the system, and normalization and momentum were adjusted to improve accuracy and calculation efficiency. The reliability of the model was verified by comparing the noise contribution results with the classical TPA method. Unlike the existing TPA methods, only the operating data is needed to perform the neural network based TPA. This proposed method reduces the cost of measurement step such as impact test to identify the propagation paths of the noise.

Numerical Simulation of Airflow Organization in Paint Spraying System of car Lampshade

According to the design requirements of the airflow organization of the car lampshade paint spraying system, the corresponding physical model is established, and the flow state of the air organization in the entire paint spraying system was simulated using Fluent software. On this basis, the wind speed of all mechanical air supply and air exhaust in the paint spraying system are adjusted to find the optimization and improvement direction of the airflow organization, so that the air pressure and wind direction in the system meet the environmental requirements of the car lampshade painting process, economically reducing the harm of paint, and providing reference for the ventilation design of the paint spraying system.

RANCANG BANGUN APLIKASI PENYEWAAN MOBIL ONLINE “EAZYRENT” BERBASIS WEBSITE

The world of technology is now more advanced and sophisticated, where technological developments are widely used to facilitate and support people in carrying out their every activity. Many activities and jobs are impacted by technological advances, one of which is in the world of rental. Car rental is a business entity in the field of four-wheeled vehicle rental services. This study aims to provide complete information to make it easier for users to use it, as well as build a car rental information system on the website so that car rental transactions and promotions can be carried out online and save users more time when it comes to car rentals without the need to come to the rental office in person. because in this day and age where technology is rapidly developing it changes the lifestyle of people who want a simple, easy-to-understand, quick-to-access, flexible, and efficient system that can be accessed anywhere. The purpose of this research is to build a web-based car rental information system on Eazyrent, with research boundaries that will include the process of entering car data, tenant data, and user data. This research was conducted using the waterfall model. It consists of several stages starting with a literature study, followed by determining the formulation of the problem, then analyzing the data that has been collected, discussing the research results in the form of dataflow such as decomposition diagrams, context diagrams, system pages, and testing. After discussing the results, the study was closed with conclusions and suggestions. The results of this study can be concluded that by building an information system it can become a liaison between tenants and Eazyrent users, and can accommodate all the data information needed by users when using Eazyrent, so that it makes it easier for users.

General anesthesia enhances lesion quality and ablation efficiency of circumferential pulmonary vein isolation.

Pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) is the cornerstone of atrial fibrillation (AF) ablation. General anesthesia (GA) resolves the problem of pain intolerability and provides regular respiratory mode which might improve the catheter maneuverability of AF ablation. This study aims to compare the procedural performance of PVI under GA versus conscious sedation (CS) from multiple perspectives. A total of 36 consecutive patients undergoing first AF ablation under GA were enrolled in GA group. Another 109 patients receiving AF ablation under CS in the same period were selected as the control group. After propensity score matching, 29 matched pairs with similar baseline characteristics were available for further analysis. The AIFV (using AI to analyze the raw data from CARTO3 system) system was used to evaluate six procedural parameters in each PVI procedure. Compared with CS, PVI under GA had a significantly shorter total PVI time (51.4 min vs. 67.8 min; p = .003) and higher radiofrequency ratio (62.6% vs. 55.8%; p = .032). The number of gaps (1.0 vs. 3.0; p < .001) and the rate of break point were significantly lower in the GA group. GA was also associated with a higher effective ablation-index ratio (87.5% vs. 74.1%; p < .001) and effective force-over-time ratio (85.3% vs. 69.2%; p = .001). After a medium follow-up time of 24 months, 12/29 (41.4%) patients in the CS group and 6/29 (20.7%) patients in the GA group suffered from AF recurrence (p = .156). GA improves the lesion quality and procedural efficiency of PVI from multiple perspectives evaluated by the AIFV system.

Kinematic properties and ages of extended fast, neutral gas around η Carinae: tracing the pre-eruption bipolar wind

ABSTRACT We present proper-motion measurements and long-slit spectroscopy of the Mg ii nebula around η Carinae obtained with the Wide Field Camera 3 and Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph (STIS) aboard the Hubble Space Telescope. Detailed kinematics of the Mg ii-emitting material constrain the geometry and history of mass-loss from η Car, and provide estimated ejection dates, assuming linear, ballistic motions. These measurements show that the neutral gas immediately outside the Homunculus – i.e. material into which the Homunculus is now expanding – was expelled over several decades prior to the Great Eruption, thus representing unshocked pre-eruption stellar wind. Material outside the Homunculus is therefore not part of a Hubble-like flow from the Great Eruption itself. This result discriminates between versions of merger-in-a-triple models for η Car. The STIS spectrum of Mg ii-emitting gas along the projected outflow axis displays radial velocities consistent with bipolar expansion, redshifted several hundred km s−1 towards the northwest, similarly blueshifted towards the southeast, and with low internal velocity dispersion. The η Car system was therefore losing mass in a relatively fast, low-density polar wind for several decades that probably traces the critical inspiral phase preceding a merger event.