Car Seat Research Articles

Mechanical Property of Long Glass Fiber Reinforced Polypropylene Composite: From Material to Car Seat Frame and Bumper Beam.

Long Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic (LFT) is a lightweight, high-strength, and easy-to-recycle new vehicle composite material, and has good mechanical properties, heat resistance, and weather resistance, which has found increasing application in automobile industry. It is of importance to understand the relationship between micro phase, macro-mechanical properties and the structural performance of automobile components. This article evaluates the performance of LFT from the level of material to automobile components. The mechanical properties of LFT were numerically and theoretically predicted to provide instruction for the next material choice. Two typical structural components, namely, car seat frame and bumper beam, were selected to evaluate the performance of LGF/PP compared with other competing materials in terms of mechanical properties and cost. In the case of the same volume, the seat frame of 40% LECT/PP composite material is lighter and cheaper, which is conducive to energy saving and emission reduction. It was shown that the 40% LECT/PA66 car bumper beam had a higher energy absorption ratio, lighter weight, higher specific energy absorption, and advantageous material cost. LFT is a promising candidate for existing automobile components with its performance fulfilling the requirements.

Database selection matters: A case study in child restraint use and injury patterns using North Carolina motor vehicle traffic crash report and trauma registry data

Objective While proper restraint use is protective against motor traffic vehicle crash (MVTC)-associated morbidity and mortality, it is inconsistently measured across health and MVTC data sources. This project addresses this gap by assessing differences in child restraint measures between two North Carolina (NC) datasets and comparing the utility of these sources to evaluate patterns of child restraint use and associated health outcomes. Methods We analyzed 2018 NC MVTC and NC Trauma Registry (NCTR) data for children ≤15 years old, both separately and as linked MVTC-NCTR records. We calculated mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and frequency and proportion for categorical variables. Among linked records, we compared reported restraint use and performed age-adjusted logistic regression to estimate associations between restraint use and severe injury. Results A lower proportion of pediatric MVTC victims were reported as unrestrained in the MVTC (14.7%) versus NCTR (25.8%) data. Among linked MVTC-NCTR records, only 41.3% featured perfect concordance of restraint information between datasets. Among linked records, child restraint was reported for 31.3% of children, while the NCTR data allowed more granular coding of child restraint (30.3% overall), including child booster seat (13.5%), child car seat (8.7%), infant car seat (4.8%), and unrestrained in child car seat (3.4%). Age-adjusted regression analyses of the linked data revealed that lap/shoulder seatbelt use was significantly associated with lower likelihood of severe injury compared to being unrestrained whether informed by MVTC (OR = 0.39; 95% CI: 0.16, 0.93) or NCTR (OR = 0.38; 95% CI: 0.15, 0.96) data. While the association between reported use of a child car seat and severe injury was not statistically significant in the MVTC data (OR = 0.50; 95% CI: 0.19, 1.32), child car seat use reported in the NCTR data revealed a significant association (OR = 0.16; 95% CI: 0.03, 0.93). Conclusions Linked crash and trauma center data allow for identifying important patterns of restraint use among pediatric passengers in MVTCs. Dataset-dependent differences in measuring restraint use have critical public health implications and illustrate the importance of careful dataset selection prior to analysis, as the use of different data sources may impact overall study conclusions.

The impact of car seat giveaways on compliance among newborns in Saudi Arabia

ObjectivesRoad traffic injuries are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among children in Saudi Arabia. Previous literature suggests that poor compliance to traffic safety measures is exacerbating the burden of childhood injuries. Although car seats have been found to reduce injuries among children, their compliance remains poor nationally. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether providing free car seats for newborns is associated with the compliance of car seat use 3 months after hospital discharge. MethodsThis study was conducted in three regions of the country following a national public health campaign aimed to improve traffic safety. In November 2020, five hundred car seats were given to mothers at the time of discharge. Three months later, parents were contacted to evaluate the prevalence of compliance. In addition to estimating the prevalence of car seat use at 3 months, the analysis assessed predictors of use using a multiple logistic regression model. ResultsOf the 486 initial participants, 375 (77%) responded. According to the parents, 76% of children still use the car seat 3 months after hospital discharge. The age of the parents and the number of family members were significant predictors of car seat use. Smaller families (≤4 members) were 2.2 (95% confidence interval: 1.36–3.82) times more likely to comply with the car seat law 3 months after discharge than larger families. Most of the respondents (70.5%) strongly agree that child restraint systems are an essential device while driving with children. ConclusionsWe found that providing free car seats for newborn children is associated with uptake of improved traffic safety, but compliance remains lower than in developed countries. Further studies are needed to facilitate improving child seat safety among large families. As the country strives to invest in reducing traffic injuries, similar initiatives may facilitate adopting safety measures among parents, which may reduce preventable injuries and improve population health.

Prevention of severe injuries of child passengers in motor vehicle accidents: is re-boarding sufficient?

PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate whether prolonged re-boarding of restraint children in motor vehicle accidents is sufficient to prevent severe injury.MethodsData acquisition was performed using the Trauma Register DGU® (TR-DGU) in the time period from 2010 to 2019 of seriously injured children (AIS 2 +) aged 0–5 years as motor vehicle passengers (MVP). Primarily treated and transferred patients where included.ResultsThe study group included 727 of 2030 (35.8%) children, who were severely injured (AIS 2 +) in road traffic accidents, among them 268 (13.2%) as MVPs in the age groups: 0–1 years (42.5%), 2–3 years (26.1%) and 4–5 years (31.3%). The pattern of severe injury was head/brain (56.0%), thoracic (42.2%), abdominal (13.1%), fractures (extremities and pelvis, 52.6%) and spine/severe whiplash (19.8%). The 0–1-year-old MVPs showed the significantly highest proportion of brain injuries with Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) < 8 and severe injury to the spine. The 2–3-year-olds showed the significantly highest proportion of fractures especially the lower extremity and highest proportion of cervical spine injuries of all spine injuries, while the 4–5-year-olds, the significantly highest proportion of abdominal injury and second highest proportion of cervical spine injury of all spine injuries. MVPs of the 0–1-year-old and 2–3-year-old groups showed a higher median Injury Severity Score (ISS) of 21.5 and 22.1 points than the older children (17.0 points). They also suffered an AIS-6-injury significantly more often (9 of 21) of spine (p = 0.001). Especially the cervical spine was significantly more often involved. Passengers at the age of 0–1 years were treated with cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) three times as often as older children in the prehospital setting and twice as often at admission in the Trauma Resuscitation Unit (TRU). Their survival rate was 7 out of 8 (0–1 years), 1 out of 6 (2–3 years) and 1 out of 4 (4–5 years).ConclusionAlthough the younger MVPs are restraint in a re-boarding position, severe injury to the spine and head occurred more often, while older children as front-faced positioned MVPs suffered from significantly higher rates of abdominal and more often severe facial injury. Our data show, that it is more important to properly restrain children in their adequate car seats (i-size-Norm) and additionally consider the age-related physiological and anatomical specific risks of injury as well as co-factors in road traffic accidents, than only prolonging the re-boarding position over the age of 15 months as a single method.

Assessing Car Seat Posture through Comfort and User Experience

The vehicular market is undergoing a profound transformation that includes a trend toward fully automated driving. When travelling in automated systems, the main task is no longer driving. Therefore, the interior design of automated vehicles requires a renovation to adapt to new use cases. With this motivation, the use case of sleeping while travelling was chosen for this user study, in which different seat configuration conditions were evaluated. The three preselected seat positions for this research included the upright, reclined and flat seat positions. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the comfort of different seat angles in meeting the need to sleep in a moving vehicle. Since the physical experience of the occupants with a high-fidelity seat prototype is essential to evaluate the new interior concept of the vehicle of the future, in this study, the experimental participants were asked about their perception of comfort and overall user experience while travelling by car under close-to-real test conditions. Therefore, the primary objective of this evaluation was to explore different seat configurations and find the most suitable seat position for the use case of sleeping in a car while moving. Our findings suggest that users prefer reclining and flat seats in short-/medium- and long-term use cases, respectively.

Research on Both the Classification and Quality Control Methods of the Car Seat Backrest Based on Machine Vision

In order to solve the problems of slow manual inspection speed and low fault detection accuracy of car seat back parts, this article using Q company’s car seat back parts researches and designs a car seat back classification and quality inspection screening system. Firstly, SURF (speeded up robust features) is combined with the CNN (convolutional neural network) to classify three types of car seat backrests: A, B, and C. Then, to establish the spring hook angle detection model of the car seat back to detect the misfitting and omission of the Class A car seat back springs, experimental results showed that the neural network-based car seat back detection method proposed in this paper had a feature point mismatch rate, which is less than 1.5% in the classification and recognition of car seat backs. The recognition rate of the training sample was 100% and that of the test sample was 99.56%. The accuracy rate of detection when inspecting 50 car seat backrests reached 98%, and the test results showed that the system can effectively reduce labor costs and improve the detection efficiency of auto parts.

Feature extraction of scraping noise of the car seat electric track based on sparse representation

Abstract With the development of the science and technology, the demanding of convenience and comfort when driving a car are getting higher and higher. As an important part that has a great influence on the comfort of the car driving, the car seat is also developing towards the electric direction. The electric seat is becoming the choice of more and more manufacture of automobile. However, the product quality inspection of the electric track of the car seat is still in a relatively preliminary stage. At present, the detection of the unqualified track product is mainly performed by workers listening in an anechoic room. This will lead to the high cost of construction of the anechoic chamber, low quality inspection efficiency, and instability by different quality inspection personnel. In this paper, we focus on the scraping noise detection of the electric track product, as scraping noise is the main cause of the product disqualification. Since scraping noise often features a higher energy in the high frequency band, we adopt the Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) to acquire the total energy at different time duration. Then we model the acquired time series as summation of one sparse signal, one low-passing signal, and one noise signal. Based on the property of the three parts, the objective function is established and solved with Majorization-Minimization (MM) approach. The effectiveness of the proposed scraping detection method is verified with the real track vibration signal, and the superiority of the proposed method is verified via the comparison with other impulse detection method.

Outcomes of an intervention program for family physicians on well-child care for children under 5 years in Suez Canal region, Egypt

BackgroundFamily physicians play a critical role in providing well-child care (WCC) in Egypt to children under five. Family physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on WCC must be appropriately developed to optimize health status and developmental potential in children. The study aimed to evaluate the effect of an innovative, 6-month educational training program on the KAP of family physicians toward WCC. This pre-post interventional study was conducted from September 2014 to March 2016 on a convenience (Suez Canal University) sampling of 39 family physicians who were under training in the Family Medicine Department at the Faculty of Medicine Suez Canal University. After 6 months of implementing the training program, KAP toward WCC was assessed by a 79-item questionnaire at baseline.ResultsThe overall mean percentage of participants’ KAP scores was statistically and significantly increased from 23.68% ± 13.68%, 67.15% ± 6.75%, and 40.98% ± 12.24% to 88.46% ± 8.09%, 88.62% ± 5.17%, and 71.79% ± 14.63%, respectively (p < 0.001). Recognizing the appropriate anticipatory guidance for the use of car seats made up the epitome of what was lacking in posttest knowledge (53.8%). Tendency of performing red reflex testing especially reduced refinement in posttest attitudes (53.8%). The least improved post-intervention practices were anticipatory guidance (7.7%), examination for developmental hip dysplasia (28.2%), and caries (43.6%), eliciting parents’ concerns for hearing and speech (38.5%) and vision screening (38.5%).ConclusionsThe educational program had positive effects on family physicians’ KAP toward well-child care for children under five. Further interventions are needed for improving the family physicians’ practices of sensory screening, assessment of hip dysplasia, oral health, and anticipatory guidance.

Influence of Preheating and Postweld Heat Treatment on the Structure and Strength of the Wire Frame Welded Joint Made of Spring Steel C62D

This article investigates the automatic welding of Ø4.5 mm high carbon steel wire frame. Using spring steel wire frame in car seat fabrication reduces its weight and helps to maintain rigidity. The thermal effect during the welding process can unacceptably deteriorate the mechanical properties of the material. It is proposed to use preheating and heat treatment to obtain a joint with required mechanical properties. To reduce of effect on entire product rigidity the thermal treatment was carried out locally in the zone of joining. Heating was carried out using a gas flame. Metallographic and microhardness measurements were used for the structural study. Mechanical properties were evaluated by static tension and free bending test. The recording of thermal cycles during the welding and heat treatment was carried out using chromel-alumel and tungsten-rhenium thermocouples.

Intelligent Sensing System of the Car Seat With Flexible Piezoresistive Sensor of Double-Layer Conductive Network

A highly sensitive and flexible piezoresistive sensor is fabricated by Spacial Confined Forced Network Assembly (SCFNA) method in this paper. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/ short carbon fiber (SCF)/ carbon nanotube (CNT) composite with a V-shaped groove microstructure on surface is prepared as the flexible sensitive components. Because the size of SCF is larger than the microstructure mold, SCF is hard to enter the microstructure. So a double-layer conductive network is constructed by spacial confined assembly of microstructure mold, so that pure CNT network is in the layer of microstructure and the SCF/CNT network is in the layer of non-microstructure. As SCF is more effective in enhancing the conductivity of PDMS than CNT due to its larger aspect ratio and more compact network, the conductivity of SCF/CNT network is higher than CNT network. But the stability and sensitivity of CNT network is higher than SCF/CNT network because the smaller size and more homogeneous dispersion of CNT. Therefore the laminating of SCF/CNT network and CNT network with microstructure on surface could have synergistic effect to improve both the conductivity, stability and the sensitivity of sensor. The accuracy rate of the sensing system can reach 91.1%, which provide the relevant basis for the intelligent control of the car seats.

Lola’s Good Corn

Fito worked at the C&H sugar factory in Crockett, California, and Dad worked construction with Mr. Ramirez. Working construction always made you hungry and thirsty so they kept tubs of beef jerky and cans of beer under the car seat. Dad was on the overtime crew that tore down the old Vallejo hospital and everybody thought that’s what made him sick. They were all part of this St. Vincent Church religious club in Vallejo, Los Guadalupanos, which meant they shared food, music, stories, and everything. Sometimes, Lola, Fito’s wife, tried to show everybody how to dance to Huapango music and us kids tried to make those clackety sounds outside by crushing old tin Coke cans around our sneakers and clicking our heels on the sidewalk.I don’t know where Pat Valencia worked, or Primo either, but all the ladies, including Carmen, Lily, Alice, Lola, Tia Melicia, and Mom, were always working in the kitchen. During the summer, everybody got jobs at Erickson’s Ranch in Vacaville, and it seemed as if we were always peeling corn. This was after the family moved to Vallejo, California, back in the 1970s, when anyone could get a bucket of vegetables for nothing.At Dad’s wake, we had a ton of food but none of Lola’s good corn because it was the wrong time of year. Lola made the best corn because she put spices and juicy lime all over it. Lola and Fito liked spicy corn because they were from Texas. Lola and Mom were comadres—just like Carmen, Alice, Lilian, and Tia Melicia. They were our godmothers too and our families would eat together and celebrate together. Lola and Fito had three kids, and Tia Melicia had seven; Alice had three, and we had eleven; Pat and Carmen had zero, and Primo and Lily had one. So, all counted—3 + 7 + 3 + 11 + 0 + 1 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 + 2—times two ears of corn each meant preparing a whole bushel. Everyone had to work together to pull the husks down and remove all the silky hairs; then we had to use Mom’s giant, black-speckled tamale pot, filling it with water using the garden hose.During the wake, the men and women split up. Fito, Primo, Mr. Ramirez, Pat, and a bunch of other men went to the funeral home, and the women stayed to pray the rosary together. Mom knelt on the carpet with all the women. They remained kneeling without shoes until they finished praying the rosary about a gazillion times. Afterward, they all needed help from us kids to stand up because their feet had gone to sleep. They rubbed their knees, and then all went into the kitchen to get the food ready. It was the first time I realized that you didn’t eat corn on the cob in March and that every food had a season. I just knew that Lola’s corn would have been really good at the time.There is a secret to Lola’s good corn, and a little bit of chile and lime juice can make a party in a minute. Pick small ears of fresh corn and choose the ears with small kernels for cooking. Don’t throw away the corn husks because you can dry them and use them during the holidays for tamales or make dresses for your dolls. Lola always said, “Don’t waste food!”Use a large pot to boil the water. Add salt. Add the corn on the cob and cook for three minutes only. Remove the corn with tongs. Keep the water boiling in case you need to make more. It is not safe to empty a large pot of boiling water.Spice mix: remove the seeds and stems from the chiles (one arbol, one ancho, one guajillo, four New Mexico), toast them, cool them, and then grind everything together with a few saltine crackers, two lime peels, a spoonful of salt, a spoonful of dried oregano, and a spoonful of sugar. When the corn is ready, rub it with butter, squeeze the juice of a lime wedge across the kernels, and then sprinkle with a pinch of the spice mix.

Improving Guidance and Maternal Knowledge Retention After Well-Newborn Unit Discharge.

In 2015, the American Academy of Pediatrics published a policy statement to provide best practices on mother-infant discharge criteria, including the delivery of anticipatory guidance to mothers of healthy newborns. In our large health system with a mix of hospital types, no standard approach to or measurement of the effectiveness of newborn discharge guidance exists. At one community well-newborn unit, we aimed to increase maternal knowledge retention of newborn guidance from 69% to 90%. Data about newborn guidance effectiveness were collected by assessing maternal knowledge retention through phone follow-up quizzes. By using quality improvement methodology and informed by American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines and curricular and adult learning theory, we standardized a multidisciplinary approach to this education. Interventions included checklist, scripts, temperature-taking demonstration, gift thermometer, staff education, car seat infant mannequin, and car seat training video for staff. Over a 1-year period, 333 mothers were interviewed after discharge from the well-newborn unit. Baseline data over the first 3 months (n = 93) showed poor maternal knowledge retention (69% correct answers). Common incorrect answers were on newborn urination habits, car seat harness clip positioning, and fever recognition. After restructuring the educational process, special cause was achieved after 3 months, with a shift of the average of correct answers to 83% followed by a second shift to 86%. The implementation of interventions to standardize newborn discharge guidance resulted in marked and sustained improvement in maternal knowledge after well-newborn unit discharge. Our next step is to enhance the process by using videos with systemwide implementation.

Customer-oriented product design using an integrated neutrosophic AHP & DEMATEL & QFD methodology

With the increasing product variety, companies aim to become better than their competitors by providing a superior product developed with a customer-oriented product design approach and a quality strategy. In order to achieve this, companies should well understand customer expectations and quickly be able to convert these expectations to technical characteristics. Since the expectations consist of mostly subjective judgments, this evaluation process contains vagueness and impreciseness. A triplet represents the uncertainty in subjective judgments: the degrees of belongingness or Truthiness (T), non-belongingness or Falsity (F), and indeterminacy (I). For this reason, in this paper, a neutrosophic Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology based on neutrosophic AHP and neutrosophic DEMATEL is developed and applied to the design of a car seat. In this methodology, the weighting of customer requirements is performed by neutrosophic AHP. The relationships among the technical characteristics are determined by neutrosophic DEMATEL for the customer-oriented product design, considering both impreciseness in the data and indeterminacy of the decision-makers. In other words, the contribution of this paper is that the proposed methodology provides better integration of the voice of customers into technical characteristics through a practical fuzzy multi-criteria decision analysis. Based on the results, it is revealed that seat height is the most important technical characteristic, followed by vertical travel range and horizontal travel range. Moreover, validity and verification of the proposed methodology have been tested with other methods presented in the literature. Sensitivity analyses have been carried out to show the flexibility of the given decisions under different cases. Lastly, possible implications on theoretical and managerial aspects have been discussed.

Lightweight Infant Car Seat Reviews 2022

Lightweight Infant Car Seat Reviews 2022

Proposing an Educational Video: Preventing Airway Occlusion with Infants in Supported Sitting

Sudden Unexpected Infant Death (SUID) includes the full spectrum of all infant death causes, which include “Determined” causes [e.g. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) at 42% and Accidental Suffocation and Strangulation at 24%], as well as “Undetermined” causes at 34% [1]. Literature is replete with studies that address the risk factors associated with SIDS, accounting for at least 42% of infant mortality [1]. Scarce to find, however, is public health education or learning opportunities that address the mechanism of brain injury and death by Positional Asphyxiation (PA). Better yet, in the current day of popular social media platforms and cell phone apps, there should be readily available video education on the topic where the focus is on PA risk factors and prevention. Viewing should be required of new parents and caretakers, as well as to health professionals, including pediatric clinical trainees who specialize in infant care. Other suggested locations for viewing would be hospital postpartum delivery suites and pediatric waiting rooms.The accidental but preventable phenomenon of PA gives rise to the annual occurrence rate of 2.8 – 3.0% (98-105 deaths) in healthy infants who have no pre-existing medical conditions, including prematurity. They die from SUID primarily in car seats, accounting for 69% of deaths in sitting devices [1]. Webster’s Dictionary defines PA as, “A condition of deficient oxygen supply to the brain and body which occurs when a person’s physical position prevents normal breathing.” Each tragic occurrence is first suspected, then largely confirmed by a combination of investigative reports and the absence of gross or observable findings from post-mortem autopsy--like tissue injury from traumatic injury or inflammatory changes. Additionally, there would be no recorded or known history of a pre-existing medical condition. Given these factors, post-autopsy typically confirms the cause of death as “Undetermined or Unknown.” Perhaps the combination of the low incidence rate of PA and “Undetermined” autopsy reports cause this mechanism of infant mortality to be an “unsung” category of SUID, thus remains in obscurity with respect to disseminated public health education.

Hybridization Process of Carbon Fibre Sheet Moulding Compound with Carbon Fibre Prepregs: a Case Study

The main objective of this work was to show the technical viability of a traditional Sheet Moulding Compound process hybridized with Carbon fibre prepreg reinforcements, in a demonstrative car seat structure. The new reinforced seat is lighter, has better mechanical resistance to impact and the typical carbon fibre visual aspect in the reinforced areas. Currently, the seat structure is composed by the hybrid solution with the matrixes of both materials being epoxy, therefore compatible which promotes a good adhesion under the correct processing conditions. To ensure the viability of this hybridization, an extensive laboratorial test campaign was conducted in a laboratorial hot plate press to study the Sheet Moulding Compound flow dynamics during the moulding process and how it interacts with the prepreg preforms. The cure process of both materials was also analysed to establish the optimal temperature profiles. Finally, mechanical tests were performed according to ASTM D 5868-01 to evaluate the mechanical properties of the bonding between the two materials. The reinforced car seat prototype was validated according to the ECE-R17 and FMVSS202a impact tests on the head rest and a 25% reduction in overall weight was achieved. The life-cycle cost and the visual aspect benefits are expected to compensate the slightly higher manufacturing cost in relation to the original part due to the cost of the prepreg material. Further research will be needed to in terms of process automation to ensure the required process quality.

Analysis of 5-year monitoring of road traffic injuries rates in Kazan

The objective of the study is to establish a set of possible causes and patterns that influence the frequency and severity of road traffic accidents with fatalities. The results of the 5-year monitoring analysis of fatal road traffic injuries in Kazan are presented. We analyzed 662 cases. It was established that the main risk group for fatal road accidents includes subjects aged 20-39. The risk group for drivers is 30-39 years old, passengers 20-29 years old, and pedestrians 55-64 years old. Children account for 3% of all traffic fatalities; 80% of them are under 10 years old. Most children (70%) were in the vehicle at the time of the crash, and their parents may not have been using special equipment (car seats and seat belts). We identified the most traumatic months of the year, days of the week and times of the day for drivers, passengers and pedestrians. These patterns can be used for organizational measures to prevent road accidents.

Investigating Influences of Synthesizing Eco-Friendly Waste-Coir-Fiber Nanofiller-Based Ramie and Abaca Natural Fiber Composite Parameters on Mechanical Properties.

Clean technology-based natural fiber composite fabrication is the prime aim of this piece of research. Natural fibers highly replace metal usage in industries and automobile, marine, medical applications, and so on. Vast amounts of natural fibers are freely available in all areas. In this research, work nanofiller material such as nano form waste coir fiber is collected from used car seat. The 10 wt.% of nanofiller material is added to the preparation of natural nanocomposites (ramie and abaca fiber). Hybrid composites are fabricated with the influence of different process parameters, namely, fiber weight percentage (20 wt.%, 30 wt.%, 40 wt.%, and 50 wt.%), NaOH action % (4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%), compression pressure (9 MPa, 12 MPa, 15 MPa, and 18 MPa), and temperature (100°C, 120°C, 140°C, and 160°C). Furthermore, the strength of this hybrid composite has analyzed by conducting flexural, impact, and shore hardness tests. These tests have provided the influence of selected parameters and their effects on the results of experimental work. In the flexural analysis, 6% of NaOH action has offered maximum flexural strength of the specimens. Correspondingly in the impact test, 30 wt.% of fiber is produced higher impact strength. Finally, applying 15 Mpa of compression pressure records the maximum shore hardness.

Multi-objective optimisation of the passenger car seat frame using grey relational analysis and grey entropy measurement

Multi-objective optimisation of the passenger car seat frame using grey relational analysis and grey entropy measurement

Multi-objective optimisation of the passenger car seat frame using grey relational analysis and grey entropy measurement

At present, more attention has been paid to the performance and lightweight design for passenger car seats. The optimisation design for seat frame is performed in this research. The innovation is that a particular method of lightweight optimisation is proposed according to the characteristics of seat frame. The best thickness-material scheme of the parts that needs to be optimised (opti-parts) is obtained by applying the method of grey relational analysis (GRA), grey entropy measurement, and average strain indices (GRA&GEM(ASI)). Moreover, in order to verify the advantages of GRA&GEM(ASI), a comparison is made among several different techniques. The results show that, not only the gross cost and gross mass of opti-parts are reduced by ¥3.13 (16.68%) and 0.67kg (16.88%), respectively, but also the performance and reliability of seat frame is well guaranteed. The method of GRA&GEM(ASI) proposed makes significant contributions effectively performed in multi-objective optimisation design for passenger car seat frames.